AE-09010
A SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
IN YALE AND PAYNE COUNTY, OKLAHOMA
2009
Suzette Barta, Community & Economic Development Educator, Stillwater
(405) 747-8320
Dave Shideler, Extension Economist, OSU, Stillwater
(405) 744-6170
Cindi Browne, Graduate Assistant, OSU, Stillwater
Lindsey Rodman, Student Assistant, OSU, Stillwater
OKLAHOMA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
June 2009
A Summary of Economic Conditions
in Stillwater and Payne County, Oklahoma 2009
Suzette BartaCommunity & Economic Development Educator
Payne County Extension Office
315 W 6th Avenue, Suite 103
Stillwater, OK 74074-4044
/ Dave Shideler
Extension Economist
323 Ag Hall
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, OK 74078
Cindi Browne
Graduate Assistant
506 Ag Hall
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, OK 74078 / Lindsey Rodman
Student Assistant
323 Ag Hall
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, OK 74078
ABSTRACT
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the economic conditions of Stillwater and Payne County. The information provided includes the trends in population, employment, income, and retail sales.
"Oklahoma State University, in compliance with Title VI and VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Executive Order 11246 as amended, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, and other federal laws and regulations, does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, religion, disability, or status as a veteran in any of its policies, practices or procedures. This includes but is not limited to admissions, employment financial aid, and educational services."
"Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means."
A Summary of Economic Conditions in
Yale and Payne County, Oklahoma 2009
The economy of Payne County greatly depends on the government and the government enterprises sector. Nearly one-third of the jobs in Payne County in 2006 were jobs within the government and governmental enterprises sector. Retail trade and accommodation and food services are also important sectors to Payne County. This report is designed to provide an overview of the economic conditions of Yale and Payne County; but more specifically, its object is to examine trends in population, employment, income, and retail sales. No recommendations will be made regarding the findings of this report.
General Demographic and Population Data
According to the Oklahoma Department of Commerce (OKDoC), the 2007 population for Yale is 1,462. This is a 8.9 percent increase from 2000 (Table 1). During the same time frame, Payne County’s population increased 17.2 percent from 68,190 to 79,931. Yale is the fourth largest city in Payne County, but it experienced the slowest growth across all cities and towns in the county.
The figures in Table 2 show 2008 estimates of total housing units and the average size of households in Payne County and its cities and towns. Yale had 677 housing units and an average of 2.20 persons per household. Of the housing units in the county, 2.1 percent were in Yale, while 57.7 percent and 11.1 percent were in Stillwater and Cushing, the largest cities in Payne County.
Table 3 reports educational attainment data for Yale and for Payne County. Yale reports 77.5 percent of the population aged 25 and over to be high school graduates. The county reports 88.9 percent of those 25 and over to be high school graduates. The average for the State of Oklahoma was 83.6 percent. Only 7.6 percent of Yale’s population aged 25 and over have a bachelor’s degree, whereas 36.4 and 22.1 percent of Stillwater’s and Oklahoma’s populations, respectively, possess a bachelor’s degree.
Figure 1 shows the population growth for residents aged 19 and under and for the 65 and over age group in the county. From 2000 to 2008, Payne County’s youth population has increased by 15.1 percent. During the same time period, the number of residents age 65 and older increased by 25.2 percent for Payne County.
Table 1: Population Data for Payne County and Cities Therein, 1990, 2000, 2007
1990 / 2000 / 2007 / % Change,2000-2007
Cushing / 7,233 / 8,376 / 9,475 / 13.1%
Drumright (pt.) / 67 / 66 / 72 / 9.1%
Glencoe / 474 / 583 / 661 / 13.4%
Perkins / 1,945 / 2,278 / 2,572 / 12.9%
Ripley / 376 / 444 / 500 / 12.6%
Stillwater / 36,659 / 39,097 / 46,976 / 20.2%
Yale / 1,412 / 1,342 / 1,462 / 8.9%
Balance of Payne County / 13,341 / 15,998 / 18,206 / 13.8%
Payne County / 61,507 / 68,190 / 79,931 / 17.2%
Source: Oklahoma Department of Commerce, “2007 Oklahoma Population Estimates by Place by County”
Table 2: Housing Units, Average Household Size for Yale and Payne County, 2008
Total Housing Units / Average Household SizeCushing / 3,554 / 2.34
Glencoe / 371 / 2.09
Perkins / 1,195 / 2.31
Ripley / 192 / 2.49
Stillwater / 18,405 / 2.34
Yale / 677 / 2.20
Payne County / 31,907 / 2.34
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online, Demographic Comparison Report; compiled by Lindsey Rodman, OCES
Table 3: Educational Characteristics for Stillwater and Payne County, 2008
Yale / Payne County / OklahomaPersons 25 years or over / 998 / 43,114 / 2,417,996
Less than 9th grade / 8.4% / 3.3% / 5.1%
9th to 12th, no diploma / 14.0% / 7.7% / 11.3%
High school graduate (includes equivalency) / 50.2% / 27.1% / 32.4%
Some college, no degree / 18.1% / 20.8% / 22.6%
Associate's degree / 1.6% / 4.6% / 6.5%
Bachelor's degree / 4.6% / 20.6% / 15.0%
Graduate or professional degree / 3.0% / 15.8% / 7.1%
Percent high school graduate or higher / 77.5% / 88.9% / 83.6%
Percent bachelor's degree or higher / 7.6% / 36.4% / 22.1%
Source: ESRI Business Analyst Online, Market Profile Report; compiled by Lindsey Rodman, OCES
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Employment Trends
Table 4 shows Payne County’s employment numbers provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, from 1990-2008. (Also see Figure 2.) Employment in the county has decreased slightly by 1.1 percent since 2000. The county had its highest unemployment rate in 1990 at 5.2 percent. Its lowest rate was 1.3 percent in 1999. For most of the current decade, unemployment for Payne County has hovered around 4 percent, where it was in 2008. (Also see Figure 3.) For comparison, the 2008 unemployment rate for the state was 3.8 percent. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the unemployment rate for April 2009 was 6.1 percent for Payne County and 6.2 percent in Oklahoma.
Table 5 provides information on employment by industry for the county from 2001-2007. During this period, Payne County’s largest employers are the government, accommodation and food services, and retail trade sectors, in that order. Total employment over this period increased, though slight job losses were observed in the following industries: farming, wholesale trade, retail trade, information, administrative and waste services, accommodation and food services, federal government and military. The greatest job growth occurred in the mining sector (86.2%) followed by the real estate and rental and leasing sector (57.9%).
Table 6 gives further analysis of the conditions in the county by using a location quotient to determine a community's degree of self-sufficiency in a particular economic sector. (Also see Figure 4.) The location quotient is used to identify exporting activity and is calculated by dividing the percentage of those locally employed in a particular sector by the percentage of those employed in the same sector nationwide.[1]
The location quotient can be used to interpret whether a county is self-sufficient, is an importer, or is an exporter in a particular sector. A location quotient that is approximately one (0.75-1.25) suggests self-sufficiency; a quotient less than 0.75 suggests that a county is an importer. If the location quotient is greater than 1.25, the county likely exports products of that sector. The greater the location quotient, the more significant that sector is to the local economy.
According to Table 6, and Figure 4, Payne County is likely an exporter in the accommodations and food services, and state and local government sectors in 2007. The county is probably an importer in the following sectors: utilities, wholesale trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; federal civilian government; and military. For clarification, zeros in Table 6 generally represent a situation where the number of employers is so small that employment numbers cannot be released without jeopardizing privacy constraints. The zeros do not necessarily represent zero activity. Also, one should note that Oklahoma State University is classified under state and local government and not educational services. This largely accounts for the high location quotient for state and local government; this classification may also distort the values for other sectors like professional and technical services and educational services, as university programs (e.g., Extension) in Stillwater may substitute for private-sector services in other communities.
It is important, as well, to notice the linkage that exists between the growth and export sectors of Payne County. Because of the presence of OSU, the three largest sectors of the Payne County economy are intimately linked, as accommodation and food services and retail trade serve the large student body drawn to Stillwater by the university. The strength of employment in these exporting sectors is the backbone of Payne County’s economy, and their continued growth will continue to bring income into the county and grow the secondary components of the local economy.
Table 4: Labor Force for Payne County 1990-2008
1990 / 30,786 / 29,192 / 1,594 / 5.2%
1991 / 30,331 / 28,921 / 1,410 / 4.6%
1992 / 32,863 / 31,857 / 1,006 / 3.1%
1993 / 33,433 / 32,462 / 971 / 2.9%
1994 / 33,997 / 32,967 / 1,030 / 3.0%
1995 / 34,721 / 33,957 / 764 / 2.2%
1996 / 35,323 / 34,647 / 676 / 1.9%
1997 / 35,023 / 34,351 / 672 / 1.9%
1998 / 35,918 / 35,256 / 662 / 1.8%
1999 / 37,522 / 37,031 / 491 / 1.3%
2000 / 36,207 / 35,302 / 905 / 2.5%
2001 / 35,063 / 34,071 / 992 / 2.8%
2002 / 34,728 / 33,498 / 1,230 / 3.5%
2003 / 34,967 / 33,500 / 1,467 / 4.2%
2004 / 34,547 / 33,186 / 1,361 / 3.9%
2005 / 35,053 / 33,663 / 1,390 / 4.0%
2006 / 35,621 / 34,290 / 1,331 / 3.7%
2007 / 36,523 / 35,145 / 1,378 / 3.8%
2008 / 35,805 / 34,359 / 1,446 / 4.0%
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
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Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
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Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics
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Table 5: Employment by Major Industry in Payne County, 2001-2007
Item / 2001 / 2002 / 2003 / 2004 / 2005 / 2006 / 2007Total employment / 45,184 / 44,337 / 45,165 / 45,297 / 45,701 / 46,469 / 47,963
Farm employment / 1,583 / 1,578 / 1,517 / 1,538 / 1,543 / 1,545 / 1,529
Forestry, fishing, related activities, and other / (D) / (D) / (D) / (D) / (D) / (D) / (D)
Mining / 917 / 898 / 977 / 983 / 1,063 / 1,322 / 1,707
Utilities / 126 / 133 / 134 / 129 / 128 / 134 / 132
Construction / 2,223 / 2,216 / 2,356 / 2,451 / 2,583 / 2,775 / 2,739
Manufacturing / 2,566 / 1,834 / 2,764 / 2,752 / 2,763 / 2,806 / 3,160
Wholesale trade / 797 / 773 / 714 / 683 / 477 / 553 / 591
Retail Trade / 5,269 / 5,160 / 5,046 / 4,858 / 5,088 / 5,146 / 4,760
Transportation and warehousing / 317 / 334 / 349 / 385 / 440 / 445 / 447
Information / 414 / 409 / 408 / 397 / 384 / 416 / 411
Finance and insurance / 1,123 / 1,186 / 1,181 / 1,203 / 1,250 / 1,316 / 1,233
Real estate and rental and leasing / 947 / 1,040 / 1,037 / 1,101 / 1,211 / 1,319 / 1,495
Professional and technical services / 1,882 / 1,821 / 1,810 / 1,938 / 1,897 / 1,988 / 1,925
Management of companies and enterprises / (D) / (D) / (D) / (D) / (D) / (D) / (D)
Administrative and waste services / 2,205 / 1,664 / 1,638 / 1,511 / 1,412 / 1,376 / 1,669
Educational services / 308 / 315 / 344 / 351 / 355 / 397 / 403
Health care and social assistance / 2,514 / 2,568 / 2,719 / 2,752 / 2,775 / 2,783 / 2,708
Arts, entertainment, and recreation / 581 / 600 / 621 / 662 / 629 / 721 / 781
Accommodation and food services / 3,200 / 3,181 / 3,236 / 3,149 / 3,045 / 3,167 / 3,714
Other services, except public administration / 2,479 / 2,511 / 2,320 / 2,380 / 2,423 / 2,511 / 2,705
Federal, civilian / 368 / 361 / 374 / 339 / 333 / 329 / 320
Military / 363 / 351 / 354 / 355 / 328 / 330 / 355
State and local / 14,785 / 15,149 / 15,042 / 15,121 / 15,307 / 14,817 / 14,907
Source: Regional Economic Information System 1969-2006, v4.0.4, Table CA25N
Table 6: Location Quotient for Payne County, 2001-2007
2001 / 2002 / 2003 / 2004 / 2005 / 2006 / 2007Total employment / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00
Farm employment / 1.91 / 1.93 / 1.86 / 1.96 / 2.02 / 2.07 / 0.72
Forestry, fishing, related activities, and other / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00
Mining / 4.18 / 4.49 / 4.51 / 4.72 / 4.83 / 5.72 / 0.98
Utilities / 0.75 / 0.83 / 0.85 / 0.84 / 0.85 / 0.90 / 0.54
Construction / 0.83 / 0.86 / 0.88 / 0.89 / 0.90 / 0.92 / 0.97
Manufacturing / 0.56 / 0.44 / 0.68 / 0.70 / 0.71 / 0.73 / 0.90
Wholesale trade / 0.47 / 0.47 / 0.43 / 0.41 / 0.29 / 0.32 / 0.40
Retail Trade / 1.05 / 1.05 / 1.01 / 0.98 / 1.02 / 1.03 / 0.96
Transportation and warehousing / 0.21 / 0.23 / 0.24 / 0.27 / 0.30 / 0.30 / 0.32
Information / 0.38 / 0.41 / 0.42 / 0.42 / 0.41 / 0.44 / 0.55
Finance and insurance / 0.53 / 0.56 / 0.55 / 0.56 / 0.58 / 0.60 / 0.68
Real estate and rental and leasing / 0.63 / 0.69 / 0.64 / 0.64 / 0.65 / 0.66 / 0.87
Professional and technical services / 0.66 / 0.65 / 0.64 / 0.66 / 0.64 / 0.65 / 0.85
Management of companies and enterprises / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00 / 0.00
Administrative and waste services / 0.85 / 0.65 / 0.62 / 0.56 / 0.52 / 0.49 / 0.54
Educational services / 0.37 / 0.37 / 0.39 / 0.39 / 0.38 / 0.41 / 0.70
Health care and social assistance / 0.60 / 0.60 / 0.61 / 0.61 / 0.61 / 0.61 / 0.61
Arts, entertainment, and recreation / 0.66 / 0.67 / 0.68 / 0.72 / 0.68 / 0.76 / 1.12
Accommodation and food services / 1.09 / 1.09 / 1.07 / 1.04 / 0.99 / 1.02 / 1.24
Other services, except public administration / 1.01 / 1.00 / 0.90 / 0.92 / 0.94 / 0.95 / 0.95
Federal, civilian / 0.50 / 0.50 / 0.49 / 0.46 / 0.45 / 0.45 / 0.32
Military / 0.64 / 0.63 / 0.62 / 0.64 / 0.62 / 0.62 / 0.42
State and local / 2.98 / 3.05 / 2.98 / 3.02 / 3.07 / 2.96 / 2.43
Source: Computed by Lindsey Rodman, OCES using data from Regional Economic Information System 1969-2007, v4.1.3, Table CA25N