ORAL Exam questions FOR DENTISTRY- immunology 2016/2017

  1. Basic immunology I
  1. Milestones of immunology  the most distinguished personalities who contributed to the development of immunology
  2. Immune system – structure and function, innate and acquired immunity, active and passive immunity.Specific and non-specific immune response – characteristics, a comparison
  3. Primary and secondary lymphoid organs and their function. Distribution (lymph nodes, spleen) and circulation of lymphocytes in the organism
  4. Cells of the immune system and their function
  5. Acute inflammation – relevant cells, proteins,and mediators, diapedesis
  6. Basic characteristics of antigens. Immunogeneicity and specificity. Epitopes, haptens
  7. ABO blood groups (biochemical structure, genetics, Bombay phenomenon, development of isoantibodies, transfusions)
  8. Rhesus blood groups. Rh-isoimmunisation
  9. Basic structure of immunoglobulin molecules
  10. Function of individual immunoglobulinclasses
  11. Primary and secondary immune response, affinity and avidity of antibodies, hybridomas, conventional and monoclonal antibodies
  12. Cellular and molecular basis of phagocytosis.Mechanisms of bacterial killing byphagocytes (oxygen and nitrogen dependent mechanisms, antibactericidial molecules)
  13. Molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (TLR, NOD1, NOD2, Dectin 1 and 2, NLRP3)
  14. Role of macrophages in immune defence mechanisms
  15. Bcells – characteristics, function, membrane antigens
  16. Characteristics and function of and T cells;T cell subsets
  17. K cells, NK and NKT cells –their biological significance, receptors, function
  18. Basic receptors of the immune cells (BCR, TCR, FcR)
  19. Presentation pathways of protein and glycolipid antigens
  20. Principal membrane antigens of B,T and NK cells – their characteristics, biological significance
  21. Integrins, selectins and cadherins
  22. Immunologic tolerance (dominant and recessive)
  1. Basic immunology II
  1. The most important acute phase proteins – function, significance
  2. Classical, alternative and lectin pathways of complement activation
  3. Regulatory proteins and receptors of the complement system
  4. Biological significance of the complement system
  5. Cytokines general properties
  6. Cytokines mediating and regulating innate immunity (IL-1, IL-6, IL-17,TNF, class I and class III interferons)
  7. Cytokines mediating and regulatingadaptive immunity (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, IL-10, TGF-, interferon gamma)
  8. Chemokines structure and function. Cytokines stimulatinghaematopoesis (CSFs, c-kit, IL-3, IL-7)
  9. HLA complex – class I, II and III loci, classical and non-classical genes
  10. HLA complex – biochemical structure and distribution of class I and II molecules.Inheritance of HLA haplotypes
  11. Biological significance of the HLA-complex and its role in clinical praxis
  12. Transplantation nomenclature. Mechanisms of allograft rejection (HvG, GvH)
  13. General principles of donor  recipient selection for organ and tissue transplantations
  14. Active and passive immunisations. Types of vaccines. Adjuvants
  15. Defence mechanisms in the oral cavity
  16. An overview of classical serological techniques and their principles (agglutination, precipitation, immunodiffusion)
  17. An overviewof modern serological techniques and their principles (ELISA, RIA, turbidimetry, nephelometry)
  18. An overview of techniques used to evaluate the immune status of an individual
  19. An overview of methods used to determine the function of innate immunity
  20. An overview of methods used to determine the function of specific cell immunity
  21. Current possibilities of immunologic diagnostics of allergiesin vitro and in vivo
  22. Laboratory diagnostics of theHIV-infection
C. Immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical immunology
  1. Type I hypersensitivity reactions (anaphalaxis and atopy).
  2. Role of eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells in the development of allergic rinithis, asthma bronchiale aatopic dermatitis
  3. Type II and V hypersensitivity reactions
  4. Local and systemic type III hypersensitivity reactions
  5. Type IV hypersensitivity (delayed type of hypersensitivity)
  6. Immunopathologic mechanisms leading to autoimmunity,antigens inducing autoimmune processes
  7. Genetic basis of autoimmunity.Role of hormones in autoimmune processes
  8. Main autoimmune disorders, autoimmune diseases in stomatology (Sjögrenov syndrome, Pemphigus vulgaris)
  9. Factors inducing malignant processes (physical, chemical, biological; oncogenes). Effector mechanismof tumour defence
  10. Mechanisms of tumour cell escape from immune system surveillance. Immunology of metastatic process.
  11. Immunostimulation,immunosuppression. Basic immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive agents
  12. Cytokines and monoclonal antibodies used in the therapy
  13. Immunodeficiencies general features, classification
  14. Primaryphagocytic immunodeficiencies (CGD, LAD1) andcomplementdeficiencies(hereditary angioedema, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, C2 andC4 deficiency, terminal complement components deficiencies)
  15. Humoral immunodeficiencies (CVID, selective IgA-deficiency, hyper IgM syndrome, X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
  16. T cell immunodeficiencies (Di George andNezelof syndrome, chronic mucocutaneouscandidiasis) and combined immunodeficiencies (SCID, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, bare lymphocyte syndrome)
  17. Structure of the HIV virus; interaction of HIV with the target cells and involved molecules
  18. The impact of HIV infection on the immune system
  19. AIDS  immunodiagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. Prevention of AIDS
  20. Immunity to extracellular and intracellular parasitic bacteria
  21. Immunity to viruses, fungi and parasites

Assoc. Prof. Mária BUCOVÁ, MD, PhD.

Head of the department

Bratislava, April 9, 2017