Chapter-I
Farm Sector
Agriculture
Uttar Pradesh is not only the most populous but the fifth largest state in India. It is located between 23052’-31028’N Latitudes and 7704’-84o38’E longitudes. Geographically it is situated in one of the most fertile tracts of the country i.e. Ganga and Yamuna basin. Its population of 19.98 crores is 16.50% of the country, which is more than that of many other countries of the world but occupies only 7.36% of the total area of the country. It produces not only sufficient food grains for the sustenance of its population but also fulfills the food grains requirement of other states and generates a surplus for export as well.
Contribution of U.P. in Food Basket of Country
Name of Crops / Production during 2013-14 (in Lakh MT) / Contribution of U.P. %India / U.P.
Total Food grain / 2647.7 / 505.02 / 19.07
Rice / 165.40 / 146.32 / 13.73
Wheat / 959.1 / 303.82 / 31.68
Jowar / 53.9 / 1.73 / 3.21
Bajra / 91.8 / 18.95 / 20.64
Maize / 243.5 / 12.69 / 5.21
Total Pulses / 192.7 / 15.02 / 7.79
Gram / 98.8 / 2.76 / 2.79
Arhar / 32.9 / 2.67 / 7.96
Lentil / 11.3 / 3.08 / 27.26
Total Oilseeds / 328.8 / 8.43 / 2.56
Groundnut / 96.7 / 0.88 / 0.91
Rapeseed/Mustard / 79.6 / 6.49 / 8.15
Sunflower / 5.5 / 0.04 / 0.73
Sugarcane / 3500.2 / 1417.97 / 40.51
Potato / 443.07 / 116.72 / 26.34
Geographical Feature
Agro-climatic Zones
2.In order to drive maximum benefit from the available resource and prevailing growing conditions, an agro-climatic orientation is necessary in land use planning. Such an approach provides the desirable framework of sustainable use of land, water and vegetation. Planning Commission of India has identified 15 Resource Development Regions in the country, 14 in the Mainland and remaining 1 in the Islands of Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The goal was to organize Agricultural Planning Systems for 15 Agro climatic regions so identified and to develop policies for further Agricultural Development on Regional basis. The country had been divided into 126 agro-climatic zones. Later on 3 more zones for Andaman and NicobarIsland and 2 zones for Pondicherry was delineated.
3.The concept of zoning was mainly based on ecological land classification recognizing various components like soils, climate, topography, vegetation and crops etc. as major influencing factors. The zones were selected as contiguous areas within the State boundary and to the possible extent zones have homogenous physical characteristics such as Topography, Rainfall, Soils, Cropping pattern and Irrigation availability. Uttar Pradesh, on the basis on rainfall, terrain and soils has been divided into 9 agro-climatic zones.
Agro Climatic Zone Wise Proportion of Districts
4.The state is divided in nine zones. The area of 13 districts fall in two agro-climatic zones and 62 districts are covered in single zones. The detailed coverage of districts is shown below:-
S. No. / Agro Climatic Zone / District1 / Tarai and Bhabar / Saharanpur (58%), Muzaffarnagar Nagar (10%), Bijnor (79%), Moradabad (21%), Rampur (40%), Bareilly (19%), Pilibihit (75%), Shahjahanpur (6%), Khiri (39%), Bahraich (47%), Shravasti (71%)
2 / Western Plain / Saharanpur (42%), Muzaffarnagar Nagar (90%), Meerut, Bag pat, Gaziabad, Gautam Budha Nagar, Buland Shahar, Hapur
3 / Mid Western Plain / Bareilly (81%), Badaun, Pilibihit(25%), Moradabad (79%), Jyotibaphule Nagar, Rampur (60%), Bijnor (21%),. Sambhal,
Shamli.
4 / South Western Dry Plain / Agra, Firozabad, Aligarh, Hathras, Mathura, Mainpuri, Etah.
5 / Central Plain / Shahjahanpur (94%), Kanpur Nagar, Kanpur Dehat, Etawa, .Auraiya, Farrukhabad, Kannauj, Lucknow, Unnao, Raibareilly, Sitapur, Hardoi, Khiri(61%), Fetehpur, Allahabad(58%), Kaushmbi
6 / Bundelkhund / Jhansi, Lalitpur, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Banda, Chitrkoot,
7 / North Eastern Plain / Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Deoria, Kushi Nagar, Basti, St. Kabir Nagar, Siddhartha Nagar, Gonda, Baharaich(53%), Balrampur, Shravasti(29%).
8 / Eastern Plain / Azamgarh, Mau, Balia, Pratapgarh, Faizabad, Ambedkar Nagar, Barabanki, Sultanpur, Varanasi, Chandauli, Jaunpur, Gazipur, St.Ravidas Nagar(86%) .
9 / Vindhyan / Allahabad(42%), St. Ravidas Nagar (14%), Mirzapur, Sonebadhra
Growth Rate
5.The agriculture sector had recorded a growth rate of above 5% during the fifth plan and two annual plan periods. Plan wise growth status shown in the following table:-
Agriculture and Allied Sectors Growth Rate in Plan Periods
Plan / Agriculture & Allied Sectors (%) / Overall Economy (%)U.P. / India / U.P. / India
1. / First Plan (1951-56) / 1.86 / 2.71 / 2.12 / 3.60
2. / Second Plan (1956-61) / 1.48 / 3.15 / 1.75 / 3.95
3. / Third Plan (1961-66) / (-) 0.09 / (-) 0.73 / 1.58 / 2.32
4. / Three Annual Plan (1966-69) / 0.62 / 4.16 / 0.32 / 3.69
5. / Fourth Plan (1969-74) / 0.94 / 2.57 / 2.23 / 3.25
6. / Fifth Plan (1974-79) / 5.23 / 3.28 / 5.70 / 5.30
7. / Sixth Plan (1981-85) / 2.54 / 2.52 / 4.11 / 4.10
8. / Seventh Plan (1985-90) / 2.69 / 3.47 / 5.70 / 5.80
9. / Two Annual Plan (1990-92) / 5.42 / 1.01 / 3.14 / 2.47
10. / Eighth Plan (1992-97) / 2.70 / 3.90 / 3.20 / 6.80
11. / Ninth Plan (1997-02) / 0.80 / 1.90 / 2.00 / 5.60
12. / Tenth Plan (2002-07) / 2.10 / 1.10 / 5.30 / 7.70
13 / Eleventh Plan(2007-12) / 2.70 / 3.60 / 7.00 / 7.80
14 / Annual plan (2012-13) / 5.2 / 1.5 / 3.9 / 5.6
15 / Annual plan (2013-14) / 0.5 / 4.2 / 4.7 / 6.6
16 / Annual plan (2014-15 / -2.5 / -0.2 / 6.2 / 7.2
Agriculture Status
Source -wise Irrigation Status
Agro-climatic Zone -wise and source-wise irrigation status of the year 2013-14 is as under:-
unit (lakh hect.)
Sl.No. / Particulars / Tarai / WP / MWP / SWS
DP / MP / BUND / NEP / EP / VIN / Uttar
Pradesh
1 / Canal / 0.91 / 1.62 / 0.36 / 2.66 / 5.96 / 5.23 / 1.32 / 6.03 / 1.38 / 25.57
Tube-wells Govt. / 0.22 / 0.16 / 0.24 / 0.28 / 0.82 / 0.53 / 0.74 / 1.15 / 0.21 / 4.35
Private / 8.31 / 9.72 / 7.65 / 13.15 / 24.85 / 3.05 / 13.18 / 14.98 / 0.60 / 95.49
Total / 8.53 / 9.88 / 7.89 / 13.43 / 25.67 / 3.58 / 13.92 / 16.14 / 0.80 / 99.84
2 / Other wells / 1.78 / 0.37 / 4.67 / 0.52 / 0.80 / 2.83 / 1.12 / 0.83 / 0.16 / 13.08
3 / Tank etc / @ / @ / @ / @ / 0.04 / 0.88 / 0.15 / 0.02 / 0.09 / 1.19
4 / Other Means / 6.01 / 0.01 / 0.18 / @ / 0.01 / 0.29 / 0.03 / 0.03 / 0.04 / 0.60
5 / Net Irrigated Area / 11.23 / 11.89 / 13.10 / 16.61 / 32.47 / 12.91 / 16.54 / 23.05 / 2.48 / 140.27
6 / Area irrigated More Than once / 5.31 / 6.97 / 6.46 / 7.01 / 15.56 / 0.97 / 5.09 / 15.17 / 1.21 / 63.76
7 / Kharif / 8.95 / 10.86 / 7.98 / 6.20 / 18.11 / 0.96 / 7.32 / 16.81 / 1.47 / 78.67
8 / Rabi / 6.84 / 6.99 / 9.90 / 16.13 / 27.75 / 12.71 / 14.08 / 2.01 / 2.17 / 116.58
9 / Zaid / 0.74 / 1.02 / 1.68 / 1.29 / 2.17 / 0.20 / 0.24 / 1.40 / 0.05 / 8.78
10 / Total / 16.53 / 18.87 / 19.56 / 23.62 / 48.03 / 13.88 / 21.63 / 38.23 / 23.69 / 204.03
Gross Irri. Area / 16.53 / 18.87 / 19.56 / 23.62 / 48.03 / 13.88 / 21.63 / 38.23 / 3.69 / 204.03
1 / Other wells / 3.07 / 0.55 / 8.22 / 0.81 / 1.54 / 3.14 / 1.44 / 1.38 / 0.22 / 20.38
Tube-wells Govt. / 0.26 / 0.23 / 0.30 / 0.35 / 1.00 / 0.55 / 1.05 / 1.65 / 0.27 / 5.65
Private / 11.98 / 15.64 / 10.20 / 18.33 / 35.48 / 3.38 / 17.24 / 24.75 / 0.84 / 137.84
Total / 12.23 / 15.87 / 10.50 / 18.68 / 36.48 / 3.93 / 18.29 / 26.39 / 1.11 / 143.49
2 / Canal / 1.23 / 2.45 / 0.59 / 4.13 / 9.95 / 5.78 / 1.73 / 10.39 / 2.19 / 38.43
3 / Tank etc / @ / @ / @ / @ / 0.05 / 0.88 / 0.15 / 0.02 / 0.13 / 1.23
4 / Other Means / 0.01 / @ / 0.25 / @ / 0.01 / 1.40 / 0.02 / 0.03 / 0.04 / 0.50
*(WP=Western Plain, MWP= Mid Western Plain, SWSDP= South Western Semi Dry Plain, MP= Mid Plain, BUND= Bundelkhand, NEP= North-Eastern Plain, EP= Eastern Plain, VIN= Vindhyan, @=figures are below 500)
Cropping Pattern/Coverage
6.Paddy and Wheat are the most important crops of the State. Maximum area is being used for cultivation of food grains of which only 11.7% is covered under pulses. Approximately 77.7% of the gross cropped area is used for the production of food grains. Other important crops grown in the State are sugarcane, potato, mustard, groundnut, gram, pea and lentil. The sunflower and soybeans have also been introduced successfully in the State. The cropping pattern in various agro-climatic zones and agro-economic regions in the State however differ significantly in terms of seasonal crops.
Strategy of Annual Plan 2016-17
Implementation of new Agriculture Policy 2013 through various schemes
7.The State Agriculture Policy 2013 for Uttar Pradesh envisaged 5.1 % growth rate in the agriculture sector. To achieve this, the Agriculture Policy revolved around implementation of activities based on seven thrust areas, called Sapt Kranti viz. extension, irrigation and water management, soil health and fertility, seed management, marketing, research and agriculture diversification. In Eleventh Five year plan, the state could achieve only 3.0% growth against the planned 4.0% for agriculture sector. Since the commencement of the existing agriculture policy, there has been a drastic change in agricultural landscape of the state.
8.The continuous increase in population, injudicious exploitation of natural resources, unplanned urbanization and industrialization, excessive use of agro-chemicals and increase in consumerism has led to air, water, soil and noise pollution, resulting in multi-dimensional problems. The Agriculture sector has become a non-profitable business due to high costs of production, lack of post-harvest management and processing facilities in the state and reduced economic returns, particularly from small land holdings. Farmers are forced to migrate to urban areas in search of alternate profitable activities, leaving agriculture in the process. Due to inclusion of agriculture in the World Trade agreement, if necessary steps are not initiated for making it a profitable venture by ensuring quality produce at low cost of production, the situation of rural areas may become worse in the near future. The changes in climatic conditions are also becoming a serious concern for agriculture. There is partial scope for expansion of area under cultivation because of the limited area available; however the quality of production can be increased through efficient use of inputs, resources, capital and agricultural knowledge. In the agricultural sector, the exploitation of non-conventional energy resources along with conventional resources will not only reduce the burden on conventional energy sources but also improve the quality and productivity of agricultural produce, which will help in increasing the overall income of farmers.
9.Therefore, in order to achieve the multidimensional potential of agricultural development in the state, it has become imperative to make the necessary changes in the present Agriculture Policy keeping in view the future challenges of the state.
Vision
10.Transforming the state into a ‘Granary of the Nation’ by ensuring food and nutritional security and to improve the quality of village life with inclusive and sustainable growth.
Objectives
To achieve a growth rate of 5.1% in the agriculture sector.
To develop and popularize appropriate eco-friendly farming systems which would improve the soil health as well as farm income.
To develop and conserve natural resources for maintaining ecological balance.
To increase the income of farmers through agricultural diversification towards high value activities, while retaining the core-competence in area of food and nutritional security.
To develop infrastructure facilities in sectors of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, agriculture implements, extension services, food processing and marketing by promoting private sector involvement across the agricultural supply chain.
Strategies
Increasing agricultural production and productivity by improving input use efficiency, soil health and developing sodic and waste lands.
Ensuring timely availability of quality inputs.
Reducing cost of cultivation by way of better crop management, use of cost effective locally available inputs and adoption of new technologies.
Increasing the profitability of agriculture produce by way of value addition.
Promoting utilization of non-conventional energy resources.
Ensuring participation of private sector.
Encouraging development of infrastructure at rural level.
Promoting agriculture based industries in order to make landless labour self- dependent and decreasing the dependency on agriculture.
Challenges Ahead
To ensure food and nutritional security to the state population and increase the productivity of agricultural crops under changing climatic conditions.
To improve the quality of crop production and reduce the cost of production of agricultural produce, in context of the World Trade Agreement.
To ensure efficient management and conservation of natural resources.
To ensure clean and pollution free environment in order to maintain the ecological balance.
To make small holdings profitable in order to ensure the prosperity of small and marginal farmers.
To encourage participation of private sector in the agricultural sector, through investments and Public-Private Partnerships.
To promote agriculture based industries to increase the income and employment of the rural population to reduce the dependence on agriculture.
Proposed Interventions
11.To achieve the envisaged growth rate during the XII Five Year Plan and thereafter on sustainable basis. Major interventions proposed are as follows;
Regionally differentiated strategies will be pursued, taking into account the agronomic, agro-ecological, environmental and socio-economic conditions to realize the full growth potential of every region.
Ensure timely supply of quality inputs such as seed, planting material, fertilizers and other agrochemicals, agriculture machinery, credit, insurance etc. at reasonable rates on timely manner.
The government will Endeavour to reduce the cost of cultivation through enhancing input use efficiency and popularizing indigenous, cost effective and location specific technologies.
Development of animal husbandry, dairying, poultry, pisciculture, apiculture, horticulture, aquaculture, sericulture and mushroom cultivation will receive a major thrust in the efforts for diversifying agriculture, increasing animal protein availability in the food basket and for generating marketable surpluses.
The regionalization of agricultural research on all 20 new agro-ecological regions will be accorded high priority. Research and development on frontier science like biotechnology, gene engineering and energy saving technologies, remote sensing technologies, pre and post harvest technologies and technology for environmental protection will be encouraged.
Emphasis will be laid on development of marketing infrastructure and setting up of agro-processing units in the producing areas to minimize wastage, especially of perishable produce and create off-farm employment opportunities in rural areas.
Active support for the promotion of cooperative form of enterprises to ensure greater autonomy and operational freedom and improve their functioning will be the endeavor of the state government.
Promotion of private investment in agriculture and adoption of public-private partnership (PPP) across agricultural supply chain for linking the farmers with the market in efficient and effective manner.
Expected Outcomes
12.With the commencement of proposed Agriculture Policy 2013 , outcomes envisaged are;
Optimization of farm resources and improved environment.
Sustainable growth in agricultural production and productivity for assured food and nutritional security.
Formulation and time bound implementation of need based programmes.
Transparency in implementation of programmes.
Introduction of new agro-based enterprises.
Increased role of private sector in state agriculture development.
Improved net economic return and family income.
Performance Indicators
13.Progress and achievements of the policy will be assessed at regular intervals on the following major performance indicators;
Increased agricultural production and productivity on sustainable basis.
Increased factor productivity.
Improved or sustained status of natural resources.
Reduction in the level of nutrients deficiency in soil.
Increase in net and gross irrigated area.
Increased cropping intensity.
Establishment of new agro-industries and marketing centres in rural areas.
Increased family and per capita income.
Seed Production
14.It is an open secret that achieving maximum production there is a necessary input of quality seed. Generally 20% agriculture produce could be enhanced by using of quality seed. Keeping in mind the importance of quality seed, department of agriculture made a projection of ten years named as "Seed Mission Mode". Under this mission year wise seed production programme is given below-
Type / 11-12level / 12-13 Ach. / 2013-14 / 2014-15 / 2015-16 / 2016-17
Target
Target / Ach. / Target / Ach. / Target / Ach.
1 / Breeder / 14900 / 7030.14 / 8758 / 4630.66 / 9080 / 14447 / 11510 / 14946 / 11510
2 / Foundation / 23200 / 216799 / 116.80 / 93035 / 121.07 / 294318 / 220439 / 315871 / 220439
3 / Certified/ quality / 503400 / 4608288 / 615000 / 762007 / 657000 / 5496724 / 5441900 / 5587007 / 5441900
(Unit qtl)
Integrated Pest Management-
15.In XIth Five Year Plan concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been adopted, practiced and disseminated in all cereals, oilseeds and pulse crops. At the same time, use of bio-pesticides and bio-agents had been promoted and use of banned or prohibited chemical pesticides discouraged. Fortunately, IPM modules for almost all the crops including vegetables and other horticulture crops are available either at U.P Council of Agriculture Research (UPKAR) or at GOI level. This knowledge is being disseminated through awareness campaigns and large-scale demonstrations of IPM modules in different crops through financial assistance under Centrally Sponsored Macro mode and ISOPOM Schemes. Large-scale demonstration is required in horticulture crops along with agriculture crops. Financial assistance can come from National Horticulture Mission.
Public Private Partnership in Agriculture-
16.Contribution of private agencies in agriculture has been increasing. Presently, inputs providing companies as well as those involved in marketing of agriculture produce are engaged in agriculture extension, soil testing and several other agriculture-oriented activities according to their business requirement.
Research Initiatives
17.Following priorities have been set forth in the field of Research during the forthcoming Annual Plan.
Priority has to be assigned for the development of high yielding varieties, which are specifically suited to the Agro-Eco-Situation of the area.
Favorable atmosphere will be created for the development of hybrids in the state. Availability of parent-lines has to be ensured for the same.
Farming system modules with specific thrust on cropping system for Rainfed areas have to be developed.
Market oriented development of technology has to be encouraged. Looking at the competitive international market, research works have to be reoriented towards production of qualitative agri-produce. For this organic farming modules need to be developed so that agriculture export could be given a boost.
Priority has to be given to reduction in post harvest losses.
Different Agriculture implements for different AES have to be developed.
Irrigation techniques have to be redesigned as per availability of water.
While selecting research issues or further investigation priority has to be given to the researchable problems identified in the SREPs of each district.
To avoid duplication in research works and make available the entire information regarding new technology at one place. U P Council of Agriculture Research (UPCAR) will document the research works being carried at different place/institution in the state and recommend lining agencies for further dissemination in the field.
Public-Private-Partnership for Inclusive Growth and Over – all Agriculture Development
18.First time after the era of Green Revolution, there is a severe threat to food, nutritional and environmental security due to degrading, degenerating and depleting natural resources, stagnating production, productivity, decreasing investment and slow pace of transfer of technology. State cannot afford to allow this situation to continue for a long time as things may go beyond control.
19.In view of the above scenario; huge investments; conservation, development & judicious use of natural resources; necessary infrastructural support; rapid pace of transfer of modern farm technology and skilled manpower to bridge the knowledge gap at grass-root level are some of the major steps required to be initiated immediately.
20.Although many new initiatives have already been taken by Central and State Govts.; but it has also been realized at every level that objectives of food, Nutritional & Environmental Security cannot be achieved by the efforts of Public Sector alone. Therefore, joint efforts of Public and Private Sector under PPP mode are the need of the hour. Accordingly sincere efforts are being made during 11th F.Y.P. as per directives of Govt. of India.
21.Deptt. of Agriculture, U.P. has already started the process of involving Private Sector under PPP mode for the Agricultural development of the state. Efforts made so far are narrated below –
Identification of Activities / Potential Areas for Partnership
22.Although implementation of almost all the activities / programmes can be taken up under PPP mode except enforcement and quality control, however, following major areas have already been identified for promoting Public-Private-Partnership in agriculture sector.