Reading Unit 1 “Changing Perspectives” Study Guide Name ______

RL.6.1 -Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

  • I can cite evidence from a passage (“word for word”).
  • cite – quote word for word
  • textual evidence – words, phrases, or sentences from a passage
  • I can make inferences based on evidence in a passage (“based on what I’ve read, it’s most likely true that…”).
  • inference – a logical guessed based on what is stated in the text and prior knowledge
  • I can distinguish between inferences and stated ideas.
  • distinguish – tell the difference between
  • I can analyze an author’s words and determine textual evidence needed to support both explicit and inferential questions.
  • analyze – to examine carefully in detail
  • explicit questions – the answer is directly stated in the text
  • inferential questions – the reader must infer (make a logical guess) because the answer is not stated directly in the text

RL6.1SAMPLE QUESTIONS –“Ta-Na-E-Ka”

1. Identify an internal conflict faced by Mary in “Ta-Na-E-Ka”. / 2. What was Roger’s Ta-Na-E-Ka like? Use text evidence to support your answer.
3. Which of the following statements is a valid inference about Roger?
A. Roger is Mary’s cousin.
B. Roger wanted to be an accountant not a warrior.
C. Roger held a grudge against Mary for a long time.
D. Roger was proud of surviving Ta-Na-E-Ka. / 4. What message does Mary send to her family with her physical appearance at the end of Ta-Na-E-Ka?

RL.6.4 - Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of a specific word choice on meaning and tone.

  • I can determine the meaning of words or phrases as used in a text.
  • I can determine the tone of a text.
  • tone – attitude of the narrator or writer
  • I can interpret the meaning of words and phrases including:
  • Figurative Meanings
  • Figurative language – imaginative language that is not meant to be interpreted literally.
  • Types of figurative language:

Simile– the comparison of two unlike things using like or as; ex – Her hair was like a rat’s nest.

Metaphor– a direct comparison of two unlike things; ex – LeBron is a beast on the court.

Personification – giving human or living qualities to an inanimate object or non-human; ex – The wind whistled a happy tune.

Alliteration – words that begin with the same consonant sound located closely together in a text; ex – His feet were bloody and blistered as he walked across the desert.

Onomatopoeia – words that imitate the sounds they describe; ex – crackle, boom, pop

hyperbole – an extreme exaggeration often used for humor; ex – It took a thousand hours to get to work this morning because of the traffic.

Imagery – language that appeals to the senses; ex – The smell of freshly cut grass and hot, buttery popcorn distracted me from what was happening on the field.

  • Connotative Meanings
  • connotation – the suggested or implied meaning or emotion associated with a word

as they are used in a text. Ex – “Lady” sounds more elegant than “woman” or “chic”

  • I can analyze the impact of a specific word choice on meaning.
  • impact – effect or influence
  • I can analyze the impact of a specific word choice on tone.

RL6.4SAMPLE QUESTIONS – – Based on “Ta-Na-E-Ka”

5. What does the phrase “put their foot down” mean in the following sentence from the story?
“Even our very traditional parents put their foot down when Grandfather suggested we go naked.”
A. to firmly refuse
B. to stomp loudly
C. to make a dance-like motion
D. to argue violently / 6. What does the word dejectedly mean in the following part of the story?
“All of a sudden I realized I was no longer frightened. Ta-Na-E-Ka might be more fun than I’d anticipated. I got up and head toward the marina.
‘Not one boat,’ I said to myself dejectedly. But the restaurant on the shore, Earnie’s Riverside was open.”
A. Excitedly
B. Sadly
C. Angrily
D. Cheerfully
7. What type of figurative language was used to describe Roger in this quote?
“His feet were an unsightly mass of blood and blisters.”
A. Simile
B. Onomatopoeia
C. Alliteration
D. Personification / 8. What did the narrator mean when she said, “They all advised us to fill up now, since for the next five days we’d be gorging ourselves on crickets?”

RI.6.1 -Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

  • I can cite evidence from a passage (“word for word”).
  • I can make inferences based on evidence in a passage (“based on what I’ve read, it’s most likely true that…”).
  • I can distinguish between inferences and stated ideas.

I can analyze an author’s words and determine textual evidence needed to support both explicit and inferential questions.

RI.6.1 SAMPLE QUESTIONS – Based on “Beat the Heat”

9. Which sentence below is a valid inference about hot weather?
  1. Everyone loves hot weather.
  2. This has been the hottest summer ever recorded.
  3. Everyone in the world has to deal with hot temperatures at some point in the year.
  4. Planning ahead can prevent many problems associated with hot weather.
/ 10. Based on the information in the article, why are extreme temperatures dangerous for some people?

RI.6.4 -Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings.

  • technical meanings – word meanings that are usually relevant to one field of study or career

I can determine the meaning of words or phrases (figurative/literal; connotative/denotative).

  • denotation – dictionary definition of a word

RI.6.4 SAMPLE QUESTIONS– Based on “Beat the Heat”

11. The writer says that in large cities”acanopy on the side of the building can provide some relief from the heat.” A canopy is most likely …
  1. a type of tree that gives shade
  2. a device for measuring temperature
  3. a faucet for running water
  4. a covering made of fabric that gives shade
/ 12. Which of the following synonyms for heat has THE MOST negative connotation ---
  1. warm
  2. scorching
  3. balmy
  4. hot

RI.6.8 -I can identify a claim or type of argument.

  • Claim: A statement that shows what the writer is trying to prove.
  • I can identify and follow the pattern of an argument.
  • I can determine the credibility of the author and his/her purpose (who wrote it, when it was written and why it was written).
  • Credibility: the quality of being trusted and believed in
  • I can classify evidence that supports a claim or type of argument and evidence that does not support the claim or argument.
  • Evidence: support that backs up or proves the claim.
  • I can evaluate a claim or argument based on its support (e.g. is the evidence necessary; irrelevant).
  • **patterns: sequence; cause and effect; problem/solution; compare/contrast
  • Sequence - texts that lists steps or events in the order in which they occur
  • comparison - texts that point to similarities and differences between people, places, events or objects
  • cause/effect - texts that show the results or outcomes of an action or event
  • problem/solution– texts that identify a problem situation and offer a suggested way to solve the problem
  • description – texts that describe characteristics of a person, place or object

RI.6.8SAMPLE QUESTIONS – Based on SB lesson 3.4 “Should Dodge Ball be Banned in Schools?”

13. Why is the staff of TIME for Kids a credible source? / 14. What piece of evidence supports the claim that dodge ball should be banned from schools?
  1. The game allows kids who are not very athletic to participate in a sport.
  2. “There are, however, those who defend the game.”
  3. Kids have a lot of fun.
  4. “The game allows the stronger kids to pick on and target the weaker kids.”

15. Explain why the author included statements made by the founder of the National Amateur Dodgeball Association, Rick Hanetho?

TIPS FOR ANSWERING MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

  • Read the question carefully and circle key words.
  • Eliminate any choices that do not make sense.
  • Go back into the passage and find the part of the story referred to by the question. Re-read this part of the story.
  • If you are still not sure, skip the question and return to it later. You may find a clue somewhere in the rest of the test that will help you make a choice.
  • Choose the answer that best fits the question.

TIPS FOR ANSWERING SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

  • Circle key words and box numbers if appropriate
  • Answer the question in 3-5 sentences.
  • Use evidence from the text to support your ideas.
  • Strive for a complete(answer all parts of the question), correct (based on the text), and clear (makes sense) answer

TIPS FOR ANSWERING EXTENDED RESPONSE QUESTIONS:

  • Circle key words and box numbers if appropriate
  • State your answer to the question clearly (Make an assertion)
  • Choose evidence from the text to support your answer. (You can quote directly or paraphrase the part of the story you are referring to).
  • Explain your ideas with commentary – Make a connection between the evidence from the story and your answer.
  • Use multiple pieces of evidence and commentary to support your ideas!!

Sample answer rationales

1. Mary is worried about Ta-Na-E-Ka and having nightmares. This is conflict that Mary is having inside of herself. It does not involve outside forces.

2. Roger did what he was supposed to do, he remained in the wilderness for five days. The text states, “His eyes were red and swollen. He’d lost weight. His feet were an unsightly mass of blood and blisters, and he was moaning: ‘I made it, see, I made it. I’m a warrior. A warrior.’” This shows that he was actually surviving in the wilderness, because his physical appearance is very poor. Mary looks good, because she has been eating cheeseburgers. Roger has had to live on his own with minimal clothing and only the food that he could find.

3. D is the best answer. Roger was proud of surviving Ta-Na-E-Ka. The text states, “His eyes were red and swollen. He’d lost weight. His feet were an unsightly mass of blood and blisters, and he was moaning: ‘I made it, see, I made it. I’m a warrior. A warrior.’” Roger is proud of himself if he is moaning that he is a warrior and has been through so much. A and B are directly stated in the text. Making an inference means making a logical guess based on text evidence. C (Roger held a grudge against Mary for a long time) doesn’t seem like a logical guess since he told Mary that she was smart.

4. Mary’s appearance of having combed hair and not losing weight send the message to her family that she did not suffer and probably bent the rules of the ritual.

5. A is the best answer. It is the only answer the makes sense in the context of the sentence. Even though the parents were very traditional, they refused to let the children go naked for the ritual.

6. B is the best answer. Earlier in the story, Mary described how she planned to sleep on a boat during her ritual. When there weren’t any boats, Mary would have been very sad since she had to come up with a new plan.

7. C, Alliteration, is the best answer. Blood and Blisters both begin with the letter B. The sentence is not comparing anything, is not demonstrating a sound, and is not giving human characteristics to an inanimate object.

8. The narrator was describing how this was their last real meal for five days. From then on they would be stuffing themselves on crickets or whatever else they could find in nature.

9. D is the best answer. All of the tips mentioned in the section “How to Beat the Heat” show that you can plan your time wisely and avoid many of the risks and problems hot weather may cause. A is not a valid inference because not everyone loves hot weather. B is not a valid inference because there are many record breaking temperatures from the past stated in the article. C is not a valid inference because there are parts of the world that do not experience hot temperatures at all – the North Pole is one example.

10. This article states many negative effects that can happen to people when the temperature is too hot. For example, people can suffer from heat stroke, heat exhaustion, heat rashes, and dizziness. The human body is not equipped to deal with extreme heat, and many physical complications can occur.

11. D is the best answer. In this sentence, it makes sense that a canopy would be something that can be attached to a building to give shade. None of the other answers fit the situation in the sentence.

12. B is the best answer. Connotation means the image that is attached to a word. The word that sounds the WORST from the answer choices is scorching. You may not mind the weather being warm, balmy, or even hot, but scorching weather sounds terrible.

13. The staff of TIME for Kids is a credible source, because it is a weekly magazine for kids that many schools use across the country.

14. The best answer is D. It is the only piece of evidence that shows a negative aspect of dodge ball.

15. Quotes were given from Rick Hanetho, because he is an expert on dodge ball as he is the founder of a national dodgeball association. He provides evidence to support the claim that dodge ball should be allowed in schools.