Chapter 11 Test: Alkanes and Saturated Hydrocarbons Objectives and Review Problems

1.  Compare and contrast organic and inorganic compounds in terms of bonding, melting point, boiling point, solubility in water, solubility in organics, and flammability.

Review: Fill in the following table.

Property / Organic / Inorganic
Bond type
Melting point
Boiling point
Solubility in water
Solubility in organics
Flammability

2.  Identify hydrocarbons, substituted hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons from a list.

Review: Answer the following questions.

  1. What are the two elements present in hydrocarbons? ______
  2. Look at the list below. Circle all the substituted hydrocarbons. Put a box around all the alkanes. Underline the aliphatic (straight chain) hydrocarbons.

3.  Write condensed, structural, and line formulas for saturated hydrocarbons.

Review: Write the condensed, structural, and line formulas for:

  1. Cyclobutane
  1. 2-methylpentane

4.  Describe the relationship between the structure and physical properties of saturated hydrocarbons.

Review: Which of the following (pentane, hexane, butane, or ethane) would exhibit the highest melting point? ______Lowest boiling point? ______Highest density? ______

5.  Use the basic rules of I.U.P.A.C. Nomenclature system to name and write formulas for alkanes and substituted alkanes.

Review: Name the following alkanes.

6.  Draw the structures for alkanes and substituted alkanes.

Review: Draw the following alkanes.

  1. 2-chloro-2-iodopropane
  2. 3-ethylhexane
  3. 2,5-dibromoheptane
  4. 1-bromo-1-chloroethane
  5. 1,2,4-trichloro-3,5,7-trimethyldecane

7.  Determine the bond angles for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

Review: How many bonds must carbon form? ______What would be the bond angle for a carbon with the maximum number of allowed single bonds? ______

8.  Given the molecular formula, draw constitutional isomers.

9.  Name cycloalkanes.

Review: Name the following cycloalkanes. Be sure to include cis and trans where applicable.

10.  Draw structures of cycloalkanes.

Review: Draw the following structures.

  1. cis-1,3-dibromocyclobutane
  2. chlorocyclopentane
  3. 1,2,4-trimethylcyclohexane

11.  Describe why cyclic structures are not as flexible as open-chain alkanes.

12.  Describe why the chair conformation of cyclohexane is more favorable than the boat conformation.

13.  Write equations for combustion reactions of alkanes and cycloalkanes.

Review:

  1. Write the general equation for the complete combustion of an alkane.
  1. Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of pentane.
  1. Write the balanced equation for the complete combustion of cyclobutane.

14.  Write equations for halogenation reactions of alkanes and cycloalkanes.

Review:

  1. Write the general equation for the halogenation of an alkane.
  1. What catalyst must be present for the halogenation to occur? ______
  2. Write the balanced equation for the monochlorination of ethane.
  1. Write the balanced equation for the monobromination of 2-methylbutane. (List all possible products.)