Unit 1: Age of Exploration, Colonization, and Absolutism Study guide:
Be able to identify the following words in primary source passages or be able to know the word and identify its meaning in a primary source reading.
Absolutism
What is divine right? Kings and queens (monarchs) get their power from God to rule.
What was the Age of Absolutism? Period of time 1500-1800 where most of the European countries were ruled by Absolute Monarchs
Enlightenment Era
Who was John Locke and what did he believe in? English philosopher that believed in liberty, life, and property (liberalism). He described the role of government and people. John Locke believed that the people should hold the power in government.
Enlightenment Ideas:
· people are naturally cruel, greedy and selfish.
· people are born with naturals rights (life, liberty, and property)
· separation of powers—e.g. 3 branches of government (prevent a dictatorship/monarch),
· Social contract between people and the government—the government should protect the people’s rights, if the government abuse their power than the people have the right to overthrow that government.
· Promoted a democracy type government
Exploration:
What is imperialism? Policy of extending a countries’ power: powerful countries colonizing other areas. E.g. Spain colonizing the New World
How did the European nations practice imperialism? Conquered and destroyed smaller countries e.g. Spain conquering the Aztecs (use the smaller countries natural resources for profit—mercantilism)
Why did the Europeans believe in imperialism? Believed that they were a superior power and they wanted to spread their beliefs- Gold, Glory, and God
What was the “white’s man burden”? duty to help the less fortunate and introduce them to Christianity---it was an excuse for slavery and racism. E.g. colonizing Africa and turning the Africans into slaves, but the Europeans thought it was a good thing because they introduce them to Christianity.
What was the Columbian Exchange? Movement of goods, resources, and people across the Atlantic Ocean
What was distributed in the Columbian Exchange? Plants, animals, diseases, and people
What was the deadly disease that spread to Native Americans? Smallpox and measles
Who was Bartolome de Las Casas? He was religious leader (friar/priest) .He wanted Europeans to change the way they treated Native Americans e.g. stop enslaving Native Americans
How were Native Americans treated in the Americas? They were enslaved and died from diseases
What is mercantilism? Economic policy that focused on exporting more than importing goods e.g. The Europeans colonized different areas for their resources (sugar or cotton) and sold the products.
What products were involved in mercantilism? Cash crops: tobacco, cotton, sugar, rice
Why were Europeans interested in Africa? Interested in the slaves—labor for the New World
Be able to analyze political cartoons. (GOOGLE POLITICAL CARTOONS)
Why did Japan and China decide to limit trade with Europeans? China did not have any need to trade with Europeans because they were already advanced in products---already wealthy and had trade routes set up
They believed they would not receive any benefit from increase contact with the Europeans
What was Commercial Revolution?
A period of time in Europe of economic expansions and colonization (colonialism)—a move towards global trade and interdependence (countries depending on each other)
What was the Silk Road?
Many trade routes connecting China to Middle East (Mediterranean Sea)
Several passages using primary sources quotes:
Example:
royal power acts simultaneously throughout the kingdom. It holds the whole kingdom in position just as God holds the whole world. If God were to withdraw his hand, the entire world would return to nothing: if authority ceases in the kingdom, all lapses into confusion. . . . — Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet
This passage describes the idea of
(1) divine right rule
(2) parliamentary democracy
(3) Marxism
(4) totalitarianism
Which historical era is most closely associated with this passage?
(1) Industrial Revolution
(2) Agricultural Revolution
(3) Age of Imperialism
(4) Age of Absolutism
Therefore, the Parliament declares: That the [king’s] pretended power of suspending laws . . . without consent of Parliament is illegal. That levying money [taxes] for or to the use of the crown [king] . . . without grant [consent] of Parliament . . . is illegal.
This 17th-century excerpt is found in the
(1) English Bill of Rights
(2) Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
(3) Napoleonic Code
(4) Balfour Declaration
Please study your maps of the world, western hemisphere, and eastern hemisphere.
The voyages of Zheng He: was a Chinese explorer that had already explored Africa and some areas in Asia.