Supplementary Information

Table S1. Sequence variants of the SV40 curvature module.

Name Sequence* Δμ/μ† 199 …CAAAAAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTTTTTT… 23.5

198A …CAAAAAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTAGAC-TTTTTTT… 14.4

199B …CAAAAAACTCATTCTAGAGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTTTTTT… 16.6

199E …CAAAAAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATCTAGAT… 18.1

199F …CTCTAGACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTTTTTT… 18.1

199C …CAAAAAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGTCTAGACCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTTTTTT… 22.0

198C …CAAAAAACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTAGAC-TTTTTTT… 6.7

199Q …CAACGAACTCATTCTAGA.GGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTTTTTT… 9.8

199U …CAAAAAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAACGTTTCATCTAGAT… 12.6

199G …CTCTAGACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATCTAGAT… 11.4

199P …CAAAAAACTCATTCTAGAGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTCGTTT… 10.6

199D …CAAAAAACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGTCTAGACCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTTTTTT… 12.9

199R …CAACGAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGTCTAGACCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTTTTTT… 13.0

198B …CAAAAAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTAGAC-TTTTTTT… 16.7

199V …CAAAAAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGTCTAGACCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTCGTTT… 16.3

199O …CTCTAGACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAACGTTTCATCTAGAT… 6.0

199H …CTCTAGACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATCTAGAT… 21.9

198I …CAACGAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTACAC-TTTTTTT… 10.0

198J …CAACGAACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTAGAC-TTTTTTT… 4.5

198H …CAAAAAACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTAGAC-TTCGTTT… 6.9

198G …CAAAAAACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTAGAC-TTCGTTT… 15.2

199T …CAAAAAACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGTCTAGACCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTCGTTT… 9.4

198D …AAAAAACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTAGAC-TTTTTTT… 10.0

199S …CAACGAACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGTCTAGACCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATTTTTTT… 8.5

199J …CTCTAGACTCATGAAAATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCAACGTTTCATCTAGAT… 6.6

199N …CTCTAGACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGGAAAACCCATTCAAGGGTCAACGTTTCATCTAGAT… 2.1

199I …CTCTAGACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCAAATTTTCATCTAGAT… 4.8

198E …CCAACGACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTAGAC-TTTTTTT… 3.2

198F …ACAAAAAACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCATCTAGAC-TTCGTTT… 5.9

199K …CTCTAGACTCATGACGATGGTGCTGGACGACCCATTCAAGGGTCAACGTTTCATCTAGAT… 1.8

* The A-tracts in each mutant are highlighted in bold. A dash indicates a missing nucleotide.

† Polyacrylamide gel mobility decrement, Δμ/μ = [(μnormal - μcurved)/μnorrmal] × 100. The μ-decrements were measured in polyacrylamide gels containing 9.3%T and 3%C, cast and run in TAE buffer at 4°C. The equation of the line describing the mobility of the fragments in the 50-bp DNA ladder (Invitrogen) was used to calculate the mobilities of normal fragments containing the same number of base pairs as the various sequence mutants. The reproducibility of the μ-decrements in duplicate gels was ±0.3.


Table S2. Sequence variants of the M13 curvature module.

Name Sequence* Δμ/μ†

217A …GTTAAAATTCGCGTTAAATTTTTGTTAAATCAGCTCATTTTTTAACCAATAGGCCAAATC… 21.2

217C …GTTAAAATTCGCGTTAAATTTTTGTTAAATTAGCTCATTTTTTAACCAATAGGCCAAATC… 20.0

217H …GTTAAAATTCGCGTTAAATTTTTGTTAAATCAGCTCGTTTTTTAACCAATAGGCCAAATC… 19.4

217M …GTTAAAATTCGCGTTAAATTTTTATTAAATTAGCTCGTTTTTTAACCAATAGGCCAAATC… 18.6

217K …GTTAAAATTCGCGTTAAATTTTTCCCTCTTTTAGCGCTTTTTTAACCAATAGGCCAAATC… 14.2

*Mutations of fragment 217A are highlighted in bold.

†Polyacrylamide gel mobility decrement, Δμ/μ = [(μnormal - μcurved)/μnormal] × 100. The μ-decrements were determined as described in the footnote to Table 1. The reproducibility of the μ-decrements in duplicate gels was ±0.3.

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