U. S. History Spring Exam Review

U. S. History Spring Exam Review

Matching

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / Neutrality Proclamation
b. / Jay’s Treaty
c. / Kentucky and Virginia resolutions
d. / Whiskey Rebellion
e. / Judiciary Act

____1.claimed that states can judge whether a law is constitutional

____2.called for Britain to pay damages for seized American ships

____3.called for one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices on the Supreme Court

____4.declared that the United States would not support either side in the war in Europe

____5.called for a protest against taxes by backcountry farmers

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / Battle of Shiloh
b. / Battle of Chancellorsville
c. / Battle of Fredericksburg

____6.General Jackson’s last battle

____7.one of the bloodiest Civil War battles

____8.one of the worst defeats for the Union

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / Battle of Lake Erie
b. / Battle of New Orleans
c. / Battle of Tippecanoe
d. / Marbury v. Madison

____9.conflict fought after the War of 1812 ended

____10.conflict that white settlers celebrated as a major victory

____11.conflict that resulted in victory despite poor preparation

____12.conflict that resulted in establishing judicial review

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / fugitive
b. / martyr
c. / Border Ruffian

____13.runaway person

____14.one who sacrifices his or her own life for beliefs

____15.proslavery person who rode from Missouri to Kansas to battle antislavery forces

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / capitalist
b. / Lowell girl
c. / creole

____16.someone born in Latin America to Spanish parents

____17.someone who worked in the mills and returned home to marry

____18.someone who invests to make a profit

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / Nonintercourse Act
b. / Pinckney Treaty
c. / Treaty of Greenville
d. / Treaty of Ghent

____19.allowed shipment of American goods on the Mississippi

____20.allowed all trade except with Britain and France

____21.allowed Americans’ land claims in part of present-day Ohio

____22.allowed restoration of pre–War of 1812 conditions

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / suffrage
b. / nullification
c. / spoils system
d. / majority
e. / kitchen cabinet

____23.practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs

____24.number equal to more than one-half

____25.act of canceling a law

____26.right to vote

____27.group of unofficial presidential advisers

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / neutrality
b. / frigate
c. / faction
d. / national debt
e. / Cabinet

____28.party or group that is split because of differences

____29.ship that sails fast and has many guns

____30.group of department leaders who serve the President

____31.decision not to take sides in a war

____32.total amount of money that a government owes to others

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / trade union
b. / artisan
c. / nativist

____33.group that wanted laws to limit immigration

____34.organization of workers

____35.skilled worker

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / amnesty
b. / black code
c. / poll tax
d. / segregation

____36.law severely limiting rights of freedmen

____37.Legal separation of races

____38.government pardon

____39.fee paid to vote

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / depression
b. / mudslinging
c. / nominating convention
d. / caucus

____40.use of insults to attack an opponent’s reputation

____41.private meeting during which powerful party members pick candidates

____42.meeting of delegates from all states to choose a party’s candidates

____43.period of declining business profits and lost jobs

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / refuge
b. / rendezvous
c. / siege

____44.attack in which enemy forces surround and try to capture a city or fort

____45.place where one is safe from persecution

____46.place where people meet

KEY TERMS AND PEOPLE

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a. / freedman
b. / carpetbagger
c. / sharecropper
d. / scalawag

____47.term for a white southern Republican

____48.person who rented and farmed a piece of land

____49.former slave

____50.term for northerner who went to the South after the Civil War

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

____51.Which of the following is an example of popular sovereignty?

a. / In 1836, Arkansas becomes a slave state because it is south of Missouri.
b. / In 1849, California voters approve a state constitution that bans slavery.
c. / In 1837, Michigan becomes a free state because it is north of Missouri.

____52.Which of the following was a reason why President Monroe announced the Monroe Doctrine?

a. / to protect Latin American republics from European attack
b. / to provoke a war with Great Britain
c. / to gain possession of Florida

____53.Which action BEST reflects Jefferson’s determination to reduce the size and power of the federal government?

a. / He cut the federal budget.
b. / He continued to pay state debts from federal funds.
c. / He allowed many Federalists to keep their government jobs.

____54.What effect did Abraham Lincoln’s election in 1860 have on national unity?

a. / It healed the nation’s political divisions.
b. / Several southern states seceded in protest.
c. / It caused the South to declare war on the North.

____55.What did the Amnesty Act do?

a. / It restored southern states to the Union.
b. / It gave African Americans the right to a fair trial.
c. / It allowed southern African Americans to vote.
d. / It restored the vote to most white southerners.

____56.Who would have said that railroad competition would cause them to lose money?

a. / telegraph investors / c. / factory owners
b. / canal investors

____57.How did African Americans in the Union Army contribute to the war effort?

a. / They served only as laborers throughout the war.
b. / They fought alongside white soldiers from the beginning.
c. / They fought in major battles by 1863.

____58.Henry Clay’s American System failed because

a. / the Supreme Court ruled that the American System was unconstitutional.
b. / Congress would not fund new roads, bridges, and canals.
c. / Congress lowered tariffs.

____59.What did temperance groups view as the most serious social problem of the 1800s?

a. / shortage of mental hospitals / c. / alcohol abuse
b. / overcrowded schools

____60.Which statement describes the experiences of free African Americans in the South?

a. / They encouraged slaves to rebel.
b. / States limited their rights.
c. / Slave owners forced them to move to other states.

____61.Which of the following was a characteristic of the new politics reflected in the campaign of 1840?

a. / Both parties competed for voters by holding rallies.
b. / Both parties cooperated in the interest of national unity.
c. / Candidates focused on their war records to appeal to voters.

____62.Which statement BEST illustrates the South’s dependence on the North?

a. / Northerners bought manufactured goods from southern factories.
b. / Northern manufacturers borrowed money from southern banks to buy raw materials.
c. / Southern planters borrowed money from northern banks to buy farm tools.

____63.Which group would have benefited MOST from Thomas Gallaudet’s reform efforts?

a. / the mentally ill / c. / debtors
b. / people with disabilities

____64.What new political party of the 1830s attracted former supporters of John Quincy Adams?

a. / Republicans / c. / Whigs
b. / Democrats

____65.Why did President Jackson believe that the Bank of the United States was unconstitutional?

a. / He thought that states should charter banks.
b. / He thought that the Bank sacrificed the needs of the wealthy.
c. / He believed that pet banks had too much power.

____66.What victory did organized factory workers gain in 1842?

a. / higher wages / c. / training programs
b. / right to strike

____67.Which of the following summarizes army life during the Civil War?

a. / Combat was deadly, but infection and disease were greater threats.
b. / Combat technology had improved, but casualties were uncommon.
c. / Weapons and ammunition were primitive, and casualties were rare.
d. / Combat was deadly, but medical facilities and treatment were advanced.

____68.Which of the following statements about water transportation is TRUE?

a. / Steamboats allowed farmers to ship goods more quickly and cheaply.
b. / It was too expensive for merchants to ship goods by steamboat.
c. / Steamboats experienced few operational problems.

____69.What was a central influence on the styles of American painters before 1800?

a. / the abolition of slavery / c. / European painting traditions
b. / frontier life

____70.Which of the following did BOTH the South and the North experience during the Civil War?

a. / inflation / c. / economic ruin
b. / increased industrial production

____71.How was Texas admitted to the Union?

a. / Sam Houston forced Mexico to give Texas to the United States.
b. / Congress passed a joint resolution accepting the annexation treaty.
c. / Mexico sold Texas to the United States.

____72.At what battle did Texans defeat Santa Anna and win independence?

a. / the Alamo / c. / Gonzales
b. / San Jacinto

____73.Which of the following is an example of judicial review?

a. / The Supreme Court rules that a new law violates the Constitution.
b. / Congress votes to approve a Supreme Court appointment.
c. / A newspaper editorial criticizes a Supreme Court decision.

____74.How did the work of Civil War nurses change employment opportunities for women in American society?

a. / The outstanding performance of nurses earned praise, but nursing careers remained closed to women.
b. / Women who wished to become doctors no longer faced discrimination.
c. / The outstanding performance of nurses opened up new employment opportunities for women.

____75.Which of the following individuals served as a Confederate nurse during the Civil War?

a. / Clara Barton / c. / Dorothea Dix
b. / Sally Tompkins

____76.Which statement BEST describes a major result of the Whiskey Rebellion?

a. / The new government halted the production of whiskey.
b. / The new government proved too weak to respond in times of crisis.
c. / People realized that the new government would not tolerate violent protests.

____77.Which generalization can be made about the rise of Latin American nations?

a. / Spanish colonies generally had to win independence through revolution.
b. / Spain gradually gave up control of its Latin American colonies.
c. / Under Spanish rule, Native Americans generally had equal rights and opportunities.

____78.How did the United States and Britain settle their dispute over Oregon?

a. / The United States and Britain agreed to divide the land.
b. / The United States seized the land with military force.
c. / The United States bought the territory from Britain.

____79.How did the Civil War begin?

a. / Confederate troops attacked federal forts off the coast of Florida.
b. / Federal troops attacked Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
c. / Confederate troops attacked Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

____80.Which of the following statements describes the Industrial Revolution?

a. / It depended largely on the development of the factory system.
b. / It occurred because of years of planning in the United States in the mid-1700s.
c. / It took place mostly in rural areas among farmers.

____81.Which American leader believed that the violence of the French Revolution was justified?

a. / Thomas Jefferson / c. / John Adams
b. / Alexander Hamilton

____82.Which of the following was NOT an effect of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

a. / a map showing a route to the Pacific Ocean
b. / increased knowledge about plant and animal life in the West
c. / immediate settlement of western lands by pioneers

____83.How did southern Conservatives resist Reconstruction?

a. / They resorted to violence against African Americans and white Republicans.
b. / They closed the recently opened public schools.
c. / They stopped producing agricultural goods for the North.
d. / They tried to secede from the Union again.

____84.Which of the following statements is TRUE of Reconstruction governments?

a. / Corruption among state officials was rare during Reconstruction.
b. / Reconstruction governments neglected the education of white children.
c. / Reconstruction governments lowered state taxes.
d. / Corruption among state officials angered white southerners.

____85.What new political party of the 1830s attracted supporters of Andrew Jackson?

a. / National Republicans / c. / Democrats
b. / Whigs

____86.What directly led to eight states passing “Maine Laws” after 1851?

a. / the growth of public schools / c. / the Second Great Awakening
b. / the temperance movement

____87.Which adjective BEST describes Lincoln’s goals for peace?

a. / vengeful / c. / weak
b. / unrealistic / d. / forgiving

____88.Who would have been hurt by a law requiring Yankee traders to be escorted through the Mediterranean Sea by navy ships?

a. / Barbary pirates / c. / French merchant ships
b. / Chinese and Indian merchants

____89.Why did Andrew Jackson accuse Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams of making a “corrupt bargain” in the election of 1824?

a. / Clay and Adams ignored the election process established by the Constitution.
b. / Adams agreed to appoint Clay Vice President.
c. / Clay persuaded House members to vote for Adams.

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

Felix Grundy, speaking in Congress,
December 1811
“This war [of 1812], if carried on successfully,
will have its advantages.”

____90.Which person is most likely to have agreed with this statement?

a. / Henry Clay / c. / John Quincy Adams
b. / John Randolph

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

____91.What battle was fought at the location labeled A on the map?

a. / Vicksburg / c. / Atlanta
b. / Gettysburg

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

from the memoir of a free African
American living in the North
“We went every day . . . with our books
wrapped in paper to prevent the police
or white persons from seeing them.”

____92.The speaker probably wanted to hide the books because

a. / he could not read.
b. / the police would think the books were stolen.
c. / African Americans were not permitted to go to school.

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

____93.Which of the following fits under Both in the diagram?

a. / were often mistreated / c. / led easy lives
b. / built missions

____94.Which of the following could be printed in the California Under Spanish Rule section of the diagram?

a. / had a great deal of freedom / c. / were given land to farm
b. / worked on missions

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

Senator William L. Marcy, 1832
“To the victor belong the spoils.”

____95.What does the word spoils mean in this context?

a. / elected office / c. / earned benefits
b. / left-overs

____96.Which of the following is the BEST interpretation of the above quotation?

a. / A new President can reward his supporters with government jobs.
b. / Political parties should choose candidates by holding conventions.
c. / A new President allows most government employees to keep their jobs.

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

Thomas Jefferson, 1798
“They have brought into the lower house a sedition
bill, which . . . undertakes to make printing certain
matters criminal. . . . Indeed this bill and the alien bill
both are so [against] the Constitution as to show they
mean to pay no respect to it.”

____97.Which of the following officially challenged the bills referred to in this quote?

a. / certain states / c. / the Treasury
b. / Thomas Jefferson

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

____98.Which of the following statements is supported by the information on the graph?

a. / Irish and German immigration first increased and then fell between 1840 and 1860.
b. / Irish and German immigration constantly fell between 1840 and 1860.
c. / Irish and German immigration constantly increased between 1840 and 1860.

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

____99.How did the election results in 1796 reflect growing political tensions in the United States?

a. / Protective tariff supporters were in the South.
b. / National bank supporters were in the South.
c. / Pro-British voters were in the North.

APPLYING MAIN IDEAS

____100.What effect did the war have on BOTH regions?

a. / financial system wrecked / c. / economy disrupted
b. / central government disbanded