BIOLOGY I FLASHCARDS
· Question/definition on one side and answer/term on the other side of card
· Use 3x5 index cards only. Do not cut them in half
· Label each card with the Section letter and item number (Example A1, A2, A3)
· Have a separate card that includes your name, the section and due date each time a new set is completed.
· The entire section of cards must be completed for credit and you will not receive credit for any cards unless the previously assigned sections have been completed.
STATE TEST OVERVIEW
60 Multiple choice questions + 10 field test multiple choice questions =70 QUESTIONS
TOPIC NUMBER OF QUESTIONS
Nature of science (equipment, safety, scientific method, 7
interpret data charts, tables, graphs)
Chemical basis of life (characteristics of living things 7
inorganic & organic compounds essential to life,
pH, enzymes, ATP, photosynthesis, cellular
respiration)
Cell (organelles, prokaryote vs. eukaryote, plant cell vs. 14
animal cell, organization of cells in multicellular
organisms, passive & active transport, mitosis,
meiosis, asexual vs. sexual reproduction)
Genetics (DNA & RNA, basic genetics principles, sex- 14
linkage, incomplete dominance, codominance,
multiple alleles, mutations, gel electrophoresis,
pedigrees, karyotypes)
Classification & evolution (6 kingdoms, vascular vs. 7
nonvascular plants, vertebrates vs. invertebrates,
dichotomous key, viruses, natural selection,
speciation, adaptation)
Ecology (cycles, producer, consumer, decomposer, biomes 11
energy transfer through trophic levels, predator-prey,
competition, symbiosis, human impact on environment)
A. NATURE OF SCIENCE (20 QUESTIONS + NAME CARD) DUE: ______
1. Chemicals that are flammable should not be around this fire/flames
2. The first thing to do if something goes wrong in the lab tell the teacher
3. Beakers, pipettes, & graduated cylinders all measure this volume
4. Instrument used to measure mass balance
5. Type of graph that shows percentages pie graph/chart
6. Air bubbles on a slide can be removed by gently tapping on
coverslip
7. Disadvantage of light microscopes cannot view tiny cell
parts, molecules
8. Disadvantage of electron microscopes cannot view living
things
9. Which gives a wider field of view: low or high power? Low
10. Adjusts the amount of light in a microscope diaphragm
11. The total magnification for a 10X ocular & 40X objective 400x
12. Unit of measurement used in the length of organelles micrometers (1/1000
mm)
13.The manipulated variable independent variable
14.The responding variable dependent variable
15.This variable is plotted on the X-axis (horizontal axis) independent/
manipulated variable
16.This variable is plotted on the Y-axis (vertical axis) dependent/
responding variable
17.Factor that is kept the same for all groups in an experiment constant, controlled
variable
18.An inactive substance used as a control placebo
19.A testable, possible explanation for a set of observations hypothesis
20.A well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of theory
observations & experimentation
B. CHEMICAL BASIS OF LIFE (48 QUESTIONS + NAME CARD) DUE: ______
1.Atom that has gained electron(s) negatively charged
ion
2.Atom that has lost electron(s) positively charged
ion
3.Type of bond in which electrons are shared covalent
4.Type of bond in which electrons are transferred ionic
5.Type of bonds in which ions are formed ionic
6.Carbon forms this type of bond with other carbon atoms covalent
7.NaCl (table salt) is formed from this type of bond ionic
8.Outermost electrons involved in chemical bonding valence
9.The pH of a neutral solution 7
10.The pH of pure water 7
11.The pH of an acid less than 7
12.The pH of a base more than 7
13.The pH of a strong acid 1-2
14.The pH of a strong base 12-13
15.The pH of a weak acid 5-6
16.The pH of a weak base 8-9
17.Molecules made by living cells are mainly assembled around carbon
this element
18. Major groups of organic compounds carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, nucleic acids
19.The suffix that indicates a sugar -ose
20.Sugars & their polymers carbohydrates
21.Simple sugar monosaccharide
22.The monomer of a polysaccharide (complex carbohydrate) monosaccharide /simple sugar
23.Polysaccharide that forms the cell walls of plants cellulose
24.Polysaccharide that stores energy in plants starch
25.The elements found in a carbohydrate carbon (C), hydrogen
(H), & oxygen (O)
26.The ratio of C, H, & O in a monosaccharide 1 : 2 : 1
27.Includes fats, waxes, steroids (cholesterol) lipids
28.Two components of a fat glycerol & fatty acids
29.A polymer of amino acids protein
30.The monomers of a protein amino acids
31.Proteins that speed up chemical reactions enzymes
32.The reactants in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction substrates
33.Location on enzyme where substrate attaches active site
34.A polymer of nucleotides nucleic acid
35.The monomers of a nucleic acid nucleotide
36.The 3 parts of a nucleotide 5-carbon sugar,
nitrogenous base,
phosphate group
37.The universal solvent water
38.The substance that dissolves in the solvent solute
39.Molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends polar molecule
40.As a result of water’s polarity this type of bond results hydrogen bonding
between water molecules
41.Part of ATP that breaks off to release energy the 3rd phosphate
group
42.Products of photosynthesis sugars & oxygen
43.Products of cellular respiration carbon dioxide &
water
44.Reactants of photosynthesis carbon dioxide &
water
45.Reactants of cellular respiration sugars & oxygen
46.This follows glycolysis if oxygen is present Krebs cycle
47.This follows glycolysis if oxygen is not present fermentation
48.Steps of aerobic respiration, in order glycolysis, Krebs
cycle, electron
transport chain
C. CELL (50 QUESTIONS + NAME CARD) DUE: ______
1.Location of DNA in prokaryotic cell cytoplasm
2.Location of DNA in eukaryotic cell nucleus
3.Jelly-like substance in interior of cell cytoplasm
4.The “control center” of the cell nucleus
5.The core of the cell membrane is made of this phospholipid
bilayer
6.Structure within nucleus made of DNA & protein chromosome
7.Point of attachment between sister chromatids centromere
8.Rigid structure outside cell membrane cell wall
9.Storage organelle vacuole
10.Vacuole that pumps out excess water contractile vacuole
11.Small sac containing digestive enzymes lysosome
12.Site of protein synthesis ribosome
13.Generates ATP energy mitochondrion
14.Site of cellular respiration mitochondrion
15.Site of photosynthesis chloroplast
16.Green pigment in the chloroplast chlorophyll
17.Organelle that may have ribosomes attached to it endoplasmic
reticulum (rough ER
has ribosomes)
18.Network of protein filaments for movement & support cytoskeleton
19.Organelle that packages & secretes proteins & lipids Golgi apparatus
20.Whiplike structure on some cells used for movement flagellum
21.2 cell structures found in plant cells but not animal cells chloroplast & cell
wall
22.The size of vacuoles in plant cells large
23.Group of similar cells working together tissue
24.Group of different tissues working together organ
25.Property of cell membranes that allows only some materials selectively permeable/
materials to pass through semipermeable
26.Movement of molecules from low to high concentration active transport (ATP
required)
27.Solution containing a higher concentration of solutes hypertonic
28.Solution containing a lower concentration of solutes hypotonic
29.Type of cell transport that requires energy active transport
30.State when the concentrations on both sides are equal equilibrium
31.Portion of cell cycle when chromosomes are visible cell division (mitosis,
meiosis)
32.The 3 phases of interphase G1, S, G2
33.The phase of interphase when DNA replicates S
34.Phase that includes prophase, anaphase, telophase, M phase (mitotic
cytokinesis phase)
35.A cut will repair itself with this process of cell division mitosis
36.Cell division that produces somatic cells mitosis
37.Cell division that produces 2 genetically identical diploid mitosis
daughter cells
38.Phase of mitosis in which chromosomes condense prophase
39.Phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up in middle metaphase
40.Phase of mitosis in which sister chromatids separate anaphase
41.Phase of mitosis in which 2 daughter cells form telophase
42.The division of the cytoplasm cytokinesis
43.Cell division that produces gametes/reproductive cells meiosis
44.Cell division producing 4 genetically different haploid cells meiosis
45.The phase of meiosis in which crossing over occurs prophase I
46.The phase of meiosis when homologous chromosomes line up metaphase I
in the middle
47.The phase of meiosis when homologous chromosomes separate anaphase I
48.The phase of meiosis when sister chromatids separate anaphase I
49.An advantage of sexual reproduction increase in genetic
diversity
50.An advantage of asexual reproduction ability to reproduce
quickly
D. GENETICS (62 QUESTIONS + NAME CARD) DUE: ______
1.The sugar in DNA deoxyribose
2.The sugar in RNA ribose
3.The nitrogenous base found in DNA but not in RNA thymine
4.The nitrogenous base found in RNA but not in DNA uracil
5.Molecule shaped like a double helix or twisted ladder DNA
6.Part of DNA that is the “genetic code” sequence of
nitrogenous bases
7.Sequence of DNA that codes for a trait gene
8.Alternate forms of a gene alleles
9.Complementary DNA sequence for TCAGAT AGTCTA
10.An organism’s appearance/physical characteristics phenotype
11.Genetic make-up of an organism genotype
12.The # of recessive alleles needed to express that trait two
13.The sex cells (egg cells, sperm cells) gametes
14.Two sets of chromosomes diploid
15.One set of chromosomes haploid
16.If the gametes have 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes 24
will the somatic cells contain?
17.A mother & father have 4 boys; what’s the chance their 5th ½ or 50 %
child will be a boy?
18.The offspring of the P generation F1
19.The offspring of the F1 generation F2
20.Possible genotypes in Aa x Aa cross AA, Aa, aa
21.Two heterozygous tall plants are crossed; what % of 75 %
offspring would be expected to be tall?
22.Huntington’s disease is caused by a dominant allele. What % 75%
of offspring would be expected to be tall?
23.Huntington’s disease is caused by what type of allele? Dominant
24.What % of offspring would be expected to have Huntington’s 50%
if the parents are Aa and aa?
25.To determine if a tall pea plant is TT or Tt, you should cross it tt
with a plant of this genotype
26.An example of multiple alleles ABO blood grouping
system
27.The genotypes that result in type A blood IA IA and IAi
28.The genotype that results in type O blood ii
29.The possible blood types for offspring if both parents are A, B, AB
type AB
30.The possible blood types for offspring if one parent has type A, B
O and one has type AB
31.The 2 alleles in the ABO blood grouping system that are IA and IB
codominant
32.Roan hair color is an example of this type of inheritance codominance
33.Type of inheritance in which heterozygous individuals incomplete
have an intermediate phenotype dominance(think
pink flowers)
34.If flower color is controlled by incomplete dominance, what 50 %
% of offspring will be pink when 2 pink flowers are
crossed?
35.Type of inheritance primarily affecting males sex-linked/X-linked
36.A woman who is colorblind can expect this % of her sons to 100 %
be colorblind
37.A carrier woman can expect this % of her sons to be colorblind 50%
38.The genotype of a man with hemophilia Xh Y
39.The genotype of a woman with hemophilia Xh Xh
40.Genes found on the same chromosome linked genes (which
are more likely to be
inherited together!)
41.The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template transcription
42.The mRNA complement to the DNA strand GCATTA CGUAAU
43.The synthesis of a protein from mRNA translation
44.The tRNA complement to the mRNA codons CGAUUC GCUAAG
45.The site of protein synthesis/translation ribosome
46.The molecule that bears a codon mRNA
47.The 2 attachments on a rRNA anticodon & amino
acid
48.Change in DNA sequence mutation
49.Chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA to cause mutagen (includes
a mutation UV rays)
50.The total # of chromosomes in each human somatic cell 46 (23 pairs)
51.The total # of chromosomes in each human gamete 23
52.The # of sex chromosomes in each human somatic cell 2 (1 pair)
53.The # of sex chromosomes in each human gamete 1
54.The chance a sperm cell will bear an X chromosome ½ or 50 %
55.A diagram used to trace a trait through a family pedigree
56.The symbol in a pedigree that represents a male square
57.The symbol in a pedigree that represents a female circle
58.Ordered display of an individual’s chromosomes by size & karyotype
centromere position
59.Used to determine if a person has extra or missing chromosomes karyotype
60.Enzymes that cut DNA into fragments restriction enzymes
61.DNA fingerprinting involves using this technique gel electrophoresis
62.Separates DNA fragments based on length gel electrophoresis
E. CLASSIFICATION & EVOLUTION (49 QUESTIONS + NAME CARD) DUE:______
1.Biological classification group with most organisms domain (next would
be kingdom)
2.Two organisms in the same class also have these taxa in domain, kingdom,
common phylum
3.The first part of a scientific name genus
4.The second part of a scientific name species epithet
5.Which set of organisms is most closely related—the 2 that the 2 that belong to
belong to the same genus or 2 that have the same species the same genus
epithet?
6.2 kingdoms consisting of only heterotrophic organisms Fungi & Animalia
7.Kingdom that consists of only autotrophic organisms Plantae
8.2 kingdoms that consist entirely of unicellular prokaryotes Archaebacteria &
Eubacteria
9.The “catch-all” or “odds & ends” kingdom Protista
10.Algae, amoebas, & slime molds belong to this kingdom Protista
11.Compound that blocks growth & reproduction of bacteria antibiotics
12.Mushrooms & yeasts belong to this kingdom Fungi
13.The cell walls of fungi are made of this chitin
14.The 3 basic shapes of bacterial cells spirilla, cocci,
bacilli
15.Asexual reproduction in bacteria binary fission
16.Process nonvascular plants use to transport materials osmosis (this limits
the size of nonvascular plants
because water can
only be transported
short distances)
17.Type of plant requiring water for reproduction nonvascular
18.Examples of nonvascular plants mosses, liverworts,
hornworts
19.Seedless vascular plants ferns
20.Seeds are enclosed in a fruit angiosperms, or
flowering plants
21.Mature or ripened ovary fruit
22.The 2 classes of angiosperms monocots & dicots
23.Cone-bearing plants gymnosperm
24.Outer tissue layer in plants & animals epidermis