Review Guide for Cumulative Test
Attention: Items on this list are for suggested study only. This is NOT an all-inclusive list.
Plate 1 – Importance of Microorganisms to Humans
Fermentation
Curdling
Cheese
Yogurt
Elemental recycling
Industry
Medial research
Name 4 diseases caused by microorganisms
Plate 2 & 6 – Microscopes
Robert Hooke
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Microscope
Light source
Objective lenses
Ocular lens (Eyepiece)
Specimen
Course adjustment
Fine adjustment
Iris diaphragm
Slide and cover slip
Body tube
Arm
Magnification
Resolution
Plate 3 – Spontaneous Generation
Spontaneous generation
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Francesco Redi’s experiment
John Needham’s experiment
Louis Pasteur’s experiment
Characteristics of living things
Plate 4 – Germ Theory of Disease – Pasteur
Pasteur’s work with wine
Miasma
Yeast
Bacteria
Vinegar
Wine
Germ theory
Plate 5 – Germ Theory of Disease – Koch’s Postulates
Koch’s Postulates (7 steps)
Anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis
Pulmonary anthrax
Cutaneous anthrax
Gastrointestinal anthrax
Plate 8 – Measurements in Microbiology
Metric measurements
SI Prefixes (meter to nanometer)
Conversions (large to small and small to large)
Plate 10 – Spectrum of Microorganisms
Viruses
Helical
Rod
Icosahedron
Protein and DNA
Bacteria
Bacillus
Coccus
Spirochete
Spirillum
Role in Environment
Pathogen
Recycling
Cyanobacteria/Microscopic Algae
Producer
Diatoms
Dinoflagellate
Role in Environment
Protozoa
Amoeba
Ciliates
Flagellates
Sporozoa
Role in Environment
Fungi
Mold
Yeast
Hyphae
Mycelium
Spore
Role in Environment
Plate 11 – Forms of Bacteria
Rectangular
Club
Swollen
Streptobacillus
Cocci
Single
Diplococcus
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Packet
Spiral
Vibrio
Spirillum
Spirochete
Plate 12 – Bacterial Ultrastructure
Flagella
Capsule
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Pilus
Chromosome
Cytoplasm
Mesosome
Plate 13 – Bacterial Cell Envelope
Capsule
Cell Wall
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Peptidoglycan
Lipopolysaccharide
Cell Membrane
Phospholipid layer
Proteins in membrane
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
"Head" & "Tail"
Plate 14 – Staining Bacteria
Simple stain
Process of Gram stain
Steps of Gram stain
Crystal violet
Iodine
Alcohol
Safranin
Plate 15 – Bacterial Reproduction
Cell wall
Cell membrane
DNA/Nucleoid
Cytoplasm
Generation time
Binary fusion
Daughter cell
DNA replication
Protein synthesis
Replication
Action of penicillin on bacterial growth
Plate 16 – Bacterial Spores
Sporulation
Spore core
Core membrane
Cortex
Exosporium basal layer
Plate 27 – Bacterial Transformation
Griffith’s experiment
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Live “R” strain
Live “S” strain
Heat-Killed “R” strain
Heat-killed “S” strain
Transformation
Naked DNA
Competent cells
Plate 28 – Bacterial Conjugation
Conjugation
F(+) bacteria
F(–) bacteria
Hfr bacteria
Pilus
Transfer of resistance genes
Plasmid transfer
Chromosome transfer
Plate 29 – Bacterial Transduction
Transduction
Generalized transduction
Specialized transduction
Bacteriophage
Recognition site
Bacterial genes in virus
Plate 30 – Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering
Chimera
Plasmid
Restriction endonuclease
Gel electrophoresis
Plasmid mapping
Kilobase pairs
Sticky ends
Blunt ends
Laboratories
Simple stain
Gram stain
Yogurt making
Safety procedures
Protist Pioneer