1. Give 3 Examples of Food That Have Carbohydrates in Them

Carbohydrate Lab

A.Biology

A. Introduction:

1. Give 3 examples of food that have carbohydrates in them:

2. List 2 ways that carbohydrates are used in

Your body:

3. Examine the word carbohydrate.

a. What do you think the “carbo” refers to?

b. What do you think the “hydrate” refers to?

4. Complete the Carboydrate Chart:

Carbohydrate Type / Meaning of Term / Examples(List 3)
Monosaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide

B. Monosaccharides – “simple sugars”

1. What 3 elements are present in simple sugars?

2. How many atoms of carbon are in monosaccharides?

3. Write the chemical formula for:

Glucose Fructose Galactose

(HINT: Always write C, then H, then O. Then place a number as a subscript after each symbol to show the number of atoms present)

4. Compare the number of hydrogen atoms to the number of oxygen atoms in each sugar. What is the ratio?

What compound does the ratio look like?

5. Look at the arrangement of the C,H,O atoms

in glucose, fructose and galactose. (Refer to the model sheet).

a. What makes the three simple sugars different?

b. Glucose, fructose and galactose are isomers meaning that they are identical in composition but different in

C. Dissacharides/Double Sugars

1. When 2 monosaccharides ______, a dissacharide forms

2. Examples of Dissacharides:

a. glucose and glucose form

b. glucose and fructose form

c. glucose and galactose form

3. Construct a molecule of:

a. sucrose

b. maltose

DIRECTIONS FOR CONSTRUCTING:

1. Cut out the paper models needed along the solid lines

2. Cut an “OH” from 1 model and an “H” from the other model (Do NOT throw these away)

3. Join the paper models to form the disaccharide model(they should fit like pieces of a puzzle)

EQUATION WRITING(White drawing paper)

1. Write the names of the reactants that are forming the dissacharide

2. Place a plus sign between the 2 names

3. Draw an arrow going from the reactants to the right of your paper

4. Glue the dissacharide to the paper to the right of the arrow

5. Place a plus sign after the dissacharide model

6. Glue the “OH” and “H” together to form another compound

7. Name the products under the model

8. Give your equation a title

9. Repeat for the second dissacharide

4. Forming Dissacharides

a. What needs to be removed from the monosaccharides so that they can combine to form a dissacharide? ______and ______

b. What new compound is formed in addition to the dissacharide?

c. What is the chemical formula of a dissacharide?______(HINT: write as a CHO compound)

d. What type of chemical reaction occurred in your equations? ______(Research dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis)

D. Polysaccharides

1. When 3 or more ______molecules are joined a polysaccharide is formed

2. Construct a 3 unit polysaccharide using the following directions:

a. Cut out 3 glucose models

b. Remove a “H” from one model

c. Remove an “OH” from the other model

d. Remove a”H” and an “OH” from the third model (DO NOT throw these groups away)

e. Setting Up the Equation

1. On your white drawing paper write the names of the reactants and place plus signs between them

2. Draw an arrow pointing to the right

f. Gluing Products

1. Glue the 3 models together so they fit like parts of a puzzle

2. Glue the “OH” and “H” groups together to form another compound

3. Place a plus sign between the models

4. Name the products

5. Give the equation a title

SUMMARY:

1. What 3 elements make up all carbohydrates?

______

2. What is the ratio between H and O atoms in carbohydrate and water molecules? ______

3. What small molecules make up all disaccharides?

______

4. What small molecules make up all polysaccharides? ______

5. What common molecule is formed when monosaccharide molecules are joined? ______

6. What type of chemical reaction occurs when monosaccharide molecules are used to build dissacharides or polysaccharides? ______