Name: ______Period: _____

Plant Systems & Interactions

PLANTS ARE LIVING ORGANISMS.

PLANTS HAVE CERTAIN UNIQUE STRUCTURES THAT PERFORM

SPECIFIC JOBS TO MAINTAIN LIFE AND GROWTH.

THIS IS BOTANY – A STUDY OF PLANTS.

You will use the PowerPoint on my Webpage to access all the information needed.

Or

You will use the following book link to complete all the Sections.

This packet consist of Fill-in-Notes, Drawing, Labs, Activities and etc….

Book Link

This packet is due: March 3rd

Check when completed / Section(s)
Cover Page (Title, Name, Period, 4 color illustrations and typed)
Vocabulary
Section 22-1 Introduction to Plants
Section 22-2 Bryophytes
Section 22-3 Seedless Vascular Plants
Section 22-4 Seed Plants
Section 22-5 Angiosperms-Flowering Plants
Section 23-1Specialized Tissues in Plants
Section 23-2Roots
Section 23-3Stems
Section 23-4Leaves & Energy
Section 23-5Transport in plants
Section 24-1Reproduction with cones and flowers
Section 24-2 Seed Development and Germination
Chapter 25 Plant responses and adaptations
Flower Dissection

INSTRUCTIONS:

A. Keep track of this paper and refer to it often.

(The grading Rubric in on the back)

  1. As instructed by your teacher, complete each section.

If you do not finish part of a section, then come to tutoring or finish it at home.

  1. Carefully follow all directions given in each section, each lab and station activity.
  2. Color all required drawing and pictures
  3. Design a front cover include a title, you full name, period, at least 4 color illustrations and it must be typed
  4. When you have completed the packet make sure all the papers are stapled in the correct order with the cover sheet attached to the front.

Name: ______Period: _____

Rubric

Read the instructions for each section carefully!! You will receive 8 daily grades

Section(s) / Possible Points / Points Earned
Cover Page: (Title, Name, Period, 4 color illustrations and typed) / 100
Vocabulary (In current textbook) / 100
Section 22-1 Introduction to Plants
Section 22-2 Bryophytes
Section 22-3 Seedless Vascular Plants
Section 22-4 Seed Plants / 100
Section 22-5 Angiosperms-Flowering Plants / 100
Section 23-1 Specialized Tissues in Plants
Section 23-2 Roots
Section 23-3 Stems / 100
Section 23-4 Leaves & Energy / 100
Section 23-5 Transport in plants
Section 24-1 Reproduction with cones and flowers
Section 24-2 Seed Development and Germination / 100
Chapter 25 Plant responses and adaptations / 100
Flower Dissection Lab / 100
Project Grade / 100

(1 for each section), 1 lab grade (Flower Dissection), and then all of these grades will be averaged together to give you a PROJECT GRADE. All drawings/diagrams that should be colored and labeled are worth 5 points each. All other questions are worth 3 points each. The vocabulary is worth 2.5 points

Plant Vocabulary

Word / Definition
  1. Stomata

  1. Vascular Tissue

  1. Vascular Plant

  1. Nonvascular Plant

  1. Seed

  1. Rhizome

  1. Sporangium

  1. Cotyledon

  1. Cone

  1. Annual

  1. Biennial

  1. Perennial

  1. Meristem

  1. Vascular Cambium

  1. Cork Cambium

  1. Epidermis

  1. Guard Cell

  1. Xylem

  1. Phloem

  1. Root Cap

  1. Cortex

  1. Endodermis

  1. Palisade Mesophyll

  1. Spongy Mesophyll

  1. Transpiration

  1. Auxin

  1. Gibberellins

  1. Ethylene

  1. Cytokinin

  1. Tropism

  1. Sepals

  1. Petals

  1. Stamen

  1. Pistil

  1. Photoperiodism

  1. Endosperm

  1. Seed Coat

  1. Germination

  1. Radicle

  1. Dormancy

Introduction to Plants 22-1 (p.551)

1. What is a plant?
2. What pigments do plants use to carry out photosynthesis?

What Plants Need to Survive (p.552)

3. Explain each of the 4 things that plants need to survive and why?
A.
B.
C.
D.
4. Life Cycle of a Plant (Figure 22-2) (pg. 552) Draw, label and color.
5. Cladogram of Plant Kingdom (Figure 22-6) (pg.554) Draw, label and color.
  1. The great majority of plants alive today are ______.

Bryophytes Chap. 22-2 (pg.556-557)

  1. Mosses do not have true roots, instead they have ______, which are long, thin cells that ______

Seedless Vascular Plants Chap. 22-3

(p.560)

  1. What is vascular tissue? ______
  2. Complete the table about vascular tissue.

Type of Tissue / Function
Xylem
Phloem

(p.561)

  1. Complete the table about plant structures.

Structure / Description
Roots
Leaves
Stems

(p.562)

  1. What are rhizomes? ______

Seed Plants Chap. 22-4 (pg. 564-565)

  1. What are 3 features that allow seed plants to reproduce without water?

▪ ______

▪ ______

▪ ______

  1. Define cone. ______
  2. What is a flower? ______
  3. What is a pollen grain? ______
  4. Describe pollination. ______

______

  1. What does the seed coat do for the seed? ______
  2. A seed is an ______that is encased in a ______and surrounded by a ______.
  3. What is an embryo? ______

Angiosperms – Flowering Plants Chap. 22-5 (pg.569)

  1. Angiosperms are members of the phylum ______.
  2. Angiosperms have unique reproductive organs known as ______.
  3. In flowering plants, the seed is encased in a ______.
  4. What is a fruit? ______
  5. Get Card Sort From Ms. McKinney. Using Figure 22-25 on p.570 to arrange the characteristic of Monocot and Dicot in the card sort thendraw, color and fill inthe characteristics in each box in the table.

Characteristics of Monocots & Dicots
Monocots / Dicots
Seeds
Leaves
Flowers
Stems
Roots

Go to LAB TABLE 1: Observe the Leaves and draw and coloran example of each.

Type of leaf / Drawing
Monocot
Dicot
Simple
Compound
  1. Plant cells undergo photosynthesis.Which organelledoes this process take place in? ______
  1. a. Describe the different life spans of plants below (p.572):

annuals –______

biennals –______

perennials –______

b. Which type live the longest? ______

Flower Pollination

- Go to LAB TABLE 2and use the information there to answer the following questions.

Pre-Activity Questions

  1. Define Pollination: ______
  2. Do flowers have only one pollinator? ______
  3. What three organisms pollinate most of the plants? ______, ______, & ______.

Activity

Using the information in the chart on the laminated sheet provided with this activity, identify the most likely pollinator for each of the following examples.

Examples / Pollinator
  1. The banana plant has a hanging flower that opens only at night and gives off a musty odor.

  1. Willow trees have simple flowers with little fragrance that produce tiny, light weight pollen grains.

  1. Skunk cabbage releases an odor like that of decayed meat.

  1. A flower that is bright orange with little fragrance.

  1. Plant that has small white flowers that open at night and produce a sweet scent.

  1. Bright yellow flower with nectar located close to its surface.

  1. Bright red flower with nectar located in long tubes.

Analyzing Graphics – use the picture below and diagram on pg. 614 to answer the following questions

8. Which structure shown in the figure to the right allows pollen to enter the ovary? ______

9. What is the most likely way that the pollen in the figure to the right will disperse? ______

10. Explain your answer.

Specialized Tissues in Plants

Chap. 23-1 (p.579)

  1. What are the 3 principle organs of seed plants? ______, ______& ______

(p.580-581)

  1. What are the 3 tissue systems of plants? ______, ______& ______

Vascular Tissue

  1. Vascular tissue in plants consists of ______& ______.
  2. What is the function of xylem? ______
  3. What is the function of phloem? ______
  4. Microscope work → Go to LAB TABLE 3. Note: Be sure to reference Zea may sheet at the table.

The microscope is set up on medium power. Do not move the slide. Zea mays stem (cs) cross section 100x

  1. Draw and color what you see on the slide.
  2. Label: xylem

phloem

vascular bundle

Roots - Chp. 23-2 (p.584)A seed plant is anchored in the ground by its ______.

  1. Complete the table about types of roots.

Type of Root / Description / Examples
Taproots
Fibrous roots
Bulb roots
  1. Water enters the plant through the large surface area provided by the ______.
  2. Using the information above about fibrous roots and taproots, answer the following:

What type of root would be the best adaptation for the following environments?

  • This plant is located an area that experiences limited rainfall. It must be able to reach the water table, found deep underground. ______
  • Plants need their root systems to grow where mineral and nutrients are. In the tropics, the nutrients are found on the surface where animals urinate and defecate and also from dead and decaying animals and plant parts found on the forest floor. ______
  • This type of plant is resistant to strong winds. Its roots are anchored like a fence post. ______
  • This plant has a root adaptation that prevents it from being lifted up out of the ground. It is generally found where there are grazing animals. ______

Root Functions (p.586)

  1. Why are roots important to plants? ______
  2. Reading a Table. Using Figure 23-8 . . .

a. If you notice that a plant is becoming paler and more yellow, what nutrient might need to be added? ______

b. If a plant has curled leaves, what nutrient is the plant lacking? ______

- Go to LAB TABLE 4answer the questions while observing the roots.

a. Which plant has a tap root? ______

b. Which plant has a fibrous root? ______

c. Which plant has a bulb root? ______

d. What is the advantage of a fibrous root? ______

e. What is the advantage of a tap root? ______

f. What are the 2 main functions of roots?

______

Stems - Chap. 23-3 (p.589)

16. List the 3 functions of stems.

▪ ______

▪ ______

▪ ______

Monocot & Dicot Stems (p.590)

17. Explain the differences between monocotyledons (monocots) and dicotyledons (dicots). ______

______

(p.592)

18. Most of what we call “wood” is actually layers of ______.

19. What do thin tree rings represent? ______

20. What do thick tree rings represent? ______

- Go to LAB TABLE 5answers the questions while observing the plant

a. Describe the difference between a woody and an herbaceous stem. ______

b. How can you determine the age of the tree? ______

c. Why are the rings uneven? ______

Leaves & Energy - Chap. 23-4

Leaf Structure (p.595)

1. The structure of the leaf is optimized for ______.

Go to LAB TABLE 6 Microviewer Work – Obtain an information card and a micro-viewer from the front

Introduction

2. Leaves perform at least 5 general functions in the life of a plant. What are they?

______

3. What is a blade? ______

Slide 2

Slide 4

Leaf Functions (p596)

10. What is a stoma? ______

Slide 5 – Epidermis – Surface View

11. How many stomata can you locate on this slide? ______.

12. Epidermal cells have a waxy waterproof material called ______.

Slide 6 – Stoma – Surface View

13. What do open stomata allow? ______

14. What do closed stomata cut off? ______

15. What do guard cells do? ______

► Put the microviewer and information card back on the table at the front of the room.

16. FIGURE 23-19 on p.597 – Slide 27 LABEL WHICH ONE IS THE ‘STOMA OPEN’ AND ‘STOMA CLOSED’

  1. Label the guard cells and the stoma in the diagrams above.
  2. Which plant stomata above is most likely functioning under dry conditions. ______
  3. Which of the plants above loses the most water due to transpiration? ______
  4. Which of the plants above would be most actively performing photosynthesis? ______
  5. If the stoma is open, water pressure in the guard cells is [high or low]? ______
  6. If the stoma and guard cells did not work, what would happen to the leaf of the plant?

______

Leaf Anatomy (NEXT PAGE)

Background Information:

The leaf is the primary photosynthetic organ of the plant. It consists of a flattened portion, called the blade that is attached to the plant by a structure called the petiole.

The outer surface of the leaf has a thin waxy covering called the CUTICLE (A). This layer's primary function is to prevent water loss within the leaf. Plants that live entirely within water do not have a cuticle. Directly underneath the cuticle is a layer of cells called the EPIDERMIS (B). A leaf has two types of epidermis: upper and lower. It protects the internal tissues of the leaf.

The vascular tissue, xylem and phloem are found within the veins of the leaf. Veins are actually extensions that run from to tips of the roots all the way up to the edges of the leaves. In the picture, XYLEM (C) is the upper layer of cells inside the vein and the lower layer of cells is PHLOEM (D). Recall that xylem transports water and phloem transports sugar.

Within the leaf, there is a layer of cells called the MESOPHYLL (E). The word mesophyll is Greek and means "middle" (meso) "leaf" (phyllon). There are air spaces between these cells to allow for gas exchange. The cells here are packed with chloroplasts, and this is where photosynthesis actually occurs.

The leaf has holes within the epidermis called STOMATA (F). Specialized cells, called GUARD CELLS (G) surround the stomata and are shaped like two cupped hands. Changes within water pressure cause the stomates to open or close. If the guard cells are full of water, they swell up and bend away from each other which opens the stoma. During dry times, the guard cells close.

Activity:

  1. In the table, correctly identify the function of each part using the information on the previous page
  • Color the structures CAPITALIZED above. Make sure to color every part of the structures seen in the picture…not just the part that touches the line.

Letter / Structure / Color / Function
Cuticle (upper/lower) / yellow
Epidermis (upper/lower) / orange
Vein / Xylem / blue
Phloem / red
Mesophyll / green
Stomata / pink
Guard Cells / brown

Transport in Plants - Chap. 23-5

Water Transport (p.599)

  1. What 3 things provide enough force to move water through the xylem tissue of even the tallest plant?

▪ ______

▪ ______

▪ ______

  1. What is it called when water molecules form hydrogen bonds with other substances? ______
  2. What is capillary action? ______
  3. What happens when a plant wilts? (p.601) ______

- Go to LAB TABLE 7answers the questions while observing the plants.

  1. Describe the changes you see in the celery and white flowers. ______
  1. In what types of tissue does water move upward in a plant stem? ______
  1. In what type of tissue is sugar and other organic compounds transported from the leaves and stems to the roots of plants? ______
  1. What 3 combined things allows water to move through a plant?

______

______

______

  1. How are leaves involved in transpiration? ______

Reproduction with Cones and Flowers - Chap. 24-1


Life Cycle of Gymnosperms (p.610)

  1. What are pollen cones? ______
  2. What are seed cones? ______

Microscope Work – Go to LAB TABLE 8

  • Do not move the slide.
  • You will be looking at pollen.
  • Write the appropriate name and microscope magnification underneath your drawing.
  1. Draw and color what you see from the slide.
  1. Comparing what you have drawn with Figure 24-3 on p.612, do all pollen grains look the same? ______

Structure of Flowers

(p.612, Figure 24-5)

  1. Label the flower parts.
  2. Color the female parts pink.
  3. Color the male parts blue.
  4. Color the sterile parts green and yellow.
  5. Explain how self- fertilization/self-pollination happens?

Seed Development & Dispersal Chap. 24-2

Seed Development & dispersal Chap 24-2

Seed and Fruit Development (p.618)

  1. What is a fruit, biologically speaking? ______
  2. Name some vegetables that are actually fruit. ______

Seed Dispersal (p.619)

  1. What are the 3 ways seeds are dispersed? ______, ______, & ______
  2. Seeds that are lightweight are typically dispersed by the ______.

Analyzing Data. Answer questions 17 & 18 by examining the graph at the top of the page: (p. 620)

  1. What effect does chilling have on germination of seeds from Ontario? ______
  2. How does chilling affect the seeds from Louisiana? ______
  3. What is dormancy? ______
  4. What 2 environmental factors can cause a seed to end dormancy and germinate? ______& ______

Seed Dispersal Activity – (go to LAB TABLE 9)

Pre-Activity Questions

  1. Define seed: ______
  2. Define seed dispersal: ______

Activity:

Use the pictures provided with this activity. You will describe the most likely method of seed dispersal for each scenario. The dispersal of seeds ensures that offspring will be dispersed and reduce the competition for resources

Description of Seed Dispersal
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
  1. Why is seed dispersal important to plants? ______

Plant Responses & Adaptations Chap. 25

Plant Hormones (p.634)

  1. What is a hormone? ______
  1. What is a plant hormone? ______
  1. What do auxins simulate? (p.635) ______
  1. What are cytokinins?(p.636)

______

  1. What are gibberellins used for? (p.637) ______
  1. What is ethylene? (p.638) ______
  1. What is ethylene a minor component of? ______
  1. How was this discovered? ______

Plant Responses (p.639)

  1. What are tropisms and what is the purpose of tropisms? ______
  2. Complete the table about tropisms. LAB TABLE 10

Tropisms / Definition
Gravitropism
(Geotropism) / Growing towards:
Example:
Phototropism / Growing towards:
Example:
Thigmotropism / Growing towards:
Example:
Hydrotropism / Growing towards:
Example:

(p.641)

  1. What is photoperiodism in plants responsible for?

______

  1. What changes occur in plants as cold weather approaches? ______

(p.643-644)

  1. Complete the table comparing aquatic, salt-tolerant & desert plants.

Plant Adaptations / Description
Aquatic Plants
Salt-Tolerant Plants
Desert Plants

(p.645)

  1. What 2 types of plants have specialized features for obtaining nutrients? ______
  2. What is an epiphyte? ______
  3. Are epiphytes parasites? ______What type of symbiosis do epiphytes depict? ______

Plant Adaptations Lab– Go to LAB TABLE 11 and follow the procedures.

1. Explain the plant adaptation and record the number on the card that you matched to each biome in the table below.

2. Explain briefly your justification (reasoning)

Table

Biome - Environment / Plant Adaptation

Desert

Tropical Rainforest

Tundra

Aquatic Ecosystem

STAAR CONCLUSION QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following is the least likely part of the transport system of a plant?

A roots

B stems

C leaves

D flowers

2. Chloroplasts are organelles that are found in plant cells. Some plant tissue contains cells with large numbers of chloroplasts, while other tissue contains few chloroplasts. Which type of plant tissue contains cells with many chloroplasts?

A stem, because chloroplasts are needed for plant growth

B root, because chloroplasts are needed for water uptake

C leaf, because chloroplasts are needed for photosynthesis

D flower, because chloroplasts are needed for reproduction

4. What is the main function of a plant stem?

A to collect pollen from other plants to make seeds

B to absorb water and plant nutrients from the soil

C to carry food and water to the rest of the plant

D to make food for the plant

5. The diagram shown represents some epidermal cells from the lower surface of a leaf. The arrow shows the direction of the movement of water vapor molecules. Which process is indicated by the arrow?