Atmospheric and Oceanic CirculationName:
Objectives:
1) View drifter and satellite data that illustrate how the ocean circulates.
2)Identify the basic layers of the equatorial ocean, based on vertical profiles of ocean temperature measurements.
3)Learn how to find a scientific article in the SFSU library.
Go to the Earth Systems Laboratory and open the following WWW site: Open the Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation exercise. Exercise questions and space for answers are provided below.
PART I: Plotting ocean buoy data to show surface currents
1. (a) Plot the 1995 data from 3 buoys in the North Pacific (Table 1) on the Pacific Ocean map provided. Label the numbers on the map as N and S latitudes and E and W longitudes.
(b) Refer to the Map of Surface Currents.
What are the names of the surface currents that moved the buoys whose courses you plotted?
Buoy 12410:
Buoy 15022:
Buoy 22217:
(c) The currents plotted in (a) are all part of the North Pacific gyre, a clockwise-moving current that redistributes heat in the North Pacific. What is the name of the current that moves water past the coast of California?
Do you think it carries warm or cold water past the coast of California?
PART II continued: Other satellite imagery
4. (a) Describe the general pattern of sea surface temperatures in the ocean.
(b) Examine the zone of warm water along the equator. Why does this zone widen to the west in each ocean; for example, in the Pacific Ocean? (Hint: look at the Atmospheric Circulation diagram and the Surface Currents map.) Perturbations to this pattern are involved with the El Niño climatic condition.
6. (a) What is the temperature range of the Gulf Stream current?
(b) What is the temperature range of the Labrador current?
(c) Describe what changes occur in the currents during the 6-day period between the two images. For example, notice what happens with the ring of Gulf Stream water enclosed in the colder water.
(d) Describe the boundaries of the Gulf Stream. For example, are they sharp or diffuse; straight or meandering?
PART III: Vertical structure of the ocean
8. (a) On a paper copy of the graphs, mark the depths of the boundaries between the surface zone, thermocline, and deep zone. Label the 3 zones.
(b) Which graph represents the vertical temperature profile of the Pacific Ocean closest to South America (110W, 140W, or 180W)?
(c) What changes do you observe from east to west along the equator in the Pacific Ocean?
(d) Briefly explain what causes these differences.
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