---(1991) ‘University competition, student migration and economic regional differentials in the UK’, Higher Education, 22, 351-370.
Armstrong, D.M. (1996) Education and economic development: empirical evidence and regional perspectives, NIERC Working Paper No 14, Northern Ireland Economic Research centre, Belfast.
Armstrong, H. W. (1993) “The local Income and Employment Impact of Lancaster University”. Urban Studies, 30.
Armstrong, H. W. et al (1997) “Maximising the local economic, environmental and social benefits of a university: Lancaster University,” GeoJournal 41, 4, 339-50.
Armstrong, H. W. et al. (1995), Measuring the Local Economic and Environmental Impact of a University: Methodological Issues. Lancaster University: Department of Economics.
Barnett, R. and Griffin, A (1997) The End of Knowledge in Higher Education, Cassell, London.
Bauman, Z. (1997), ‘Universities: old, new and different’, in Smith and Webster (eds.).
Bender, T (1998) “Universities and the City: scholarship, local life and the necessity of worldliness,” in van der Wusten, H., ed. (1998), The Urban University and its Identity. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Press.
Bender, T., ed. (1988), The University and the City: From Medieval Origins to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bleaney M. F. et al., (1992) What does a university add to its local economy?, Applied Economics, 24, 305-311.
Braddon, D. et al (1982), The Economic Impact of Bristol Polytechnic on the County of Avon. Bristol Polytechnic: Department of Economics and Social Science.
Campbell et al (1999) Higher Education and Regional and Local Economic Development, Council for Industry and Higher Education, London
Carr, F. (….) The rise and fall of the polytechnics: explaining change in British higher education, Policy and Politics, 26, 273-290.
Charles, D.R and Connolly, P. (1996) Universities and Communities in the South East A report for Government Office South East
Charles, D.R. and Howells, J. (1992) Technology Transfer in Europe: Public and Private Networks, Belhaven Press, London.
Charles, D.R. and Conway, C. (1998) Graduate Labour Markets Employer Survey Analysis, University of Newcastle.
Charles, D.R. and Benneworth, P. (1999) The Economic Impact of the University of Edinburgh’s Commercialisation Strategy Report to the University of Edinburgh
Charles, D.R., Hayward, S. And Thomas, D. (1995) ‘Science parks and regional technology strategies: European experiences’, Industry and Higher Education, 9, 332-339
Chatterton, P. (1994) The Universities in the North East Of England. A Report for the Government Office North-East.
Chatterton, P. (1997) The economic impact of the University of Bristol on the region. Information Office, the University of Bristol.
Chatterton, P. (1998) The University and the Community: An Exploration of the Cultural Impacts of Universities and Students on the Community. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Bristol.
Clark, B. R. (1998) Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: organizational pathways of transformation: Oxford, Pergamon.
Coffield, F. (1996) Higher Education and Lifelong Learning, Newcastle University Department of Education for the DfEE / ESRC / HEFCE.
Coffield, F. (Ed.) (1995) Higher Education in a Learning Society, Durham University School of Education for the DfEE / ESRC / HEFCE.
Craven, J. (1996) University of Kent at Canterbury. Our Regional role and Impact, Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, University of Canterbury at Kent.
Crawford, I.K. (1993) The Local Impact of the University of Bradford. University of Bradford Management Centre.
Davies, J, Lindström, C.-G. and Schutte, F. (1999) Five Years of development: Follow-Up Evaluation of the University of Oulu, FINHEEC, Helsinki
Davies, J.L. (1999) The Dialogue of Universities with their Stakeholders: Comparisons between different Regions of Europe: Analysis of Case Studies, CRE, EC and ERT.
Department for Education and Employment (1998) Universities and Regional Development, Newcastle School of Management.
Department for Education and Employment (UK) (1997) Connecting the Learning Society - National Grid for Learning: The Government’s Consultation Paper, DfEE, London.
Department of Trade and Industry (1998) Our Competitive Future: Building the Knowledge Driven Economy, Cm 4176, The Stationary Office, London.
DfEE (1997) Connecting the Learning Society, national grid for Learning Consultation paper, DfEE, Sheffield
Donnelly, P (nd) STEP and Personal Competence: A Pilot Study, Nottingham Trent university.
Donnely, P (1994) Higher Education and Employers: Building Quality Partnerships. Nottingham Trent University
Duke, C. (1998) Lifelong learning: implications for the University of the 21st century, 14th General Conference of IMHE Member Institutions, Paris 7-9 September.
Elliott, J. et al, ed. (1996), Communities and their Universities: The Challenge of Lifelong Learning. London: Lawrence and Wishart.
Elliott, J., Francis, H., Humphreys, R and Istance, D. (1996) Communities and their Universities: The Challenge of Lifelong Learning, Lawrence and Wishart, London.
Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A and Healey, P. (1998) Capitalizing Knowledge: new Intersections of Industry and Academia, State University of New York Press.
European Commission (1996) Complementarity and the Relationship between Community Actions and the Objectives of Higher education Institutions in Europe, CEC, Brussels.
European Commission (1996) First Action Plan on Innovation in Europe, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
European Round Table of Industrialists (nd) Investing in Knowledge: The Integration of Technology in European Education, ERT, Brussels.
European Round Table of Industrialists(1994) Education for Europeans: Towards the Learning Society, ERT, Brussels
Finland Ministry of Education (1998) Higher Education Policy in Finland, Ministry of Education, Helsinki.
GeoJournal (1997) Universities in Urban Economies. Special Issue: 41, 4.
Geuna, A. (1999) The changing rationale for European university research funding: are there negative unintended consequences, SPRU Electronic Working Paper series, Paper no 33, SPRU, Brighton.
Gibbons, M et al. (1994), The New Production of Knowledge, London: Sage.
Glasson, J. and Chadwick, A (1995) The significance of Oxford Brookes university in the local economy: A preliminary study. Impacts Assessment Unit. School of Planning. Oxford Brookes University.
Goddard et al (1998) Universities and Economic development: A report to DfEE, DfEE, Sheffield
Goddard, J. B. (1997a), The Local and Regional Role of Higher Education. Centre for Urban and Regional Development Studies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Goddard, J. B. (1997c) “Managing the University/Regional Interface”. Higher Education Management 9, 3, 7-29.
Goddard, J. B. et al (1997b), Universities and Regional Development: An Overview. Centre for Urban and Regional Development Studies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
Goddard, J. B. et al. (1994), Universities and Communities. London: CVCP.
Goddard, J., et al. (1994) Universities and Communities, London: Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals.
Goddard, J.B., Charles, D.R., Pike, A., Potts, G. And Bradley, D. (1994) Universities and Communities, Committee of Vice Chancellors and Principals, London.
Goldsmiths College, University of London (1995) The College’s impact on Deptford and on South East London.
Grit, K. (1996) The coming into existence of the entrepreneurial university: rationalization and normalization in the no-nonsense age, Paper presented to the EASST and 4S conference, Bielefeld, October 10-13th.
Hadjiyanni, A., Kallas, J and Papadopoulos, A.G. (1999) Employment Trajectories of University Graduates in Greece, paper presented to Regional Studies Association conference, Bilbao, 18-21 September.
Hall, P. (1997) “The University and the City,” GeoJournal 41, 4, 301-9.
Halliday, F (1999) The chimera of the ‘International University’, International Affairs, 75(1), 99-120.
Harris, R.I.D. (1996) The Impact of the University of Portsmouth on the local economy. The Centre for Local and Regional Economic Analysis, University of Portsmouth.
Harvey, K (1996) ‘Capturing intellectual property rights for the UK: a critique of university policies’, in Webster, A and Packer K., Innovation and the Intellectual Property System, Kluwer Law International, London.
Hill, S (1997) The Impact of the Higher Education Sector on the Welsh Economy: Measurement, Analysis and Enhancement. Welsh Economy Research Unit, University of Wales, Cardiff
Hillage, J and Pollard, E (1998) Employability: developing a framework for policy analysis, DfEE research report series RR85, DfEE.
Hillman, J (1996) University for Industry: Creating a National Learning Network, Institute for Public Policy Research, London
Hoare, A. G. (1995), “UK Public Policy and the Emergent Geography of Higher Education,” in Diffusing Geography, A. D. Cliff, P. R. Gould, A. G. Hoare, and N. J. Thrift, eds. London: Blackwell, 291-317.
Holtta S and Pulliainen K, The Changing Regional Role of Universities. Tertiary Education and Management, Vol 2, no 2, 1996.
Holtta S and Rekila E, University - Victim of Recession and Engine of Recovery. The World on the Move and Higher Education. Selected Papers from the conference organised by OECD/IMHE, Central European University, Centre for Higher Education Studies. Prague, August 23-25, 1995.
Holtta S, Dealing with Markets -- A Challenge for Steering and Management of Universities. Consortium of Higher Education Researchers (CHER) Conference 1996, Governance and Administration in Higher Education Institutions. Turku, Finland, June 27-29, 1996.
Holtta S, Finding a New Regional Role - A Challenge for the University of Joensuu. Mittnorden-Conference on Cooperation between Higher Education Institutions and their Local Partners. Joensuu, October 14-15, 1992.
Holtta S, The University of Joensuu - Implementation of the National Higher Education Policy at the Regional University. Presented to the OECD Country Review Group in Finland, 1994.
Holtta S, University and the Region - Theory and Practice. International Conference on the Role of Universities in the Development of Local Communities. Organized by the Educational Enterprise Foundation, IMHE/OECD, and Warsaw School of Economics. Lodz, Poland, June 14-15, 1996. Will be Published by the Educational Enterprise Foundation in fall 1996.
House of Commons, Science and Technology Committee (1994) The Routes through which the Science Base is Translated into Innovative and Competitive Technology, First Report Vols I to III, (Session 1993-94, 74-I to III), HMSO, London
Howells, J. et al (1998) Industry-Academic Links in the UK, HEFCE, Bristol.
Intxaurburu, M.G., Olaskoaga, J., Velasco, E. (1997) The University in the technologic and scientific policy of a region. Regional Frontiers conference, 20-30 September.
Kanter, R. M. (1995) World class: thriving locally in the global economy, New York: Simon & Schuster, c1995.
Lambooy, J. G. (1997) “Knowledge production, organisation and agglomeration economies,” GeoJournal 41, 4, 293-300.
Leigh, C. Best Practice in Collaboration between Higher Education Institutions and Training and Enterprise Councils, HEFCE, Bristol.
Lewis J. R. and Townsend A. R (1993) The Local Impact of the University of Durham. Department of Geography, University of Durham.
Lincoln, I. Stone, I. Walker, A (1994) The contribution of the University of Northumbria to the local economy. Newcastle Economic Research Unit Research Paper No. 5.
Lindgren, N. and Lappalainen (1999) Balanced scorecard for universities, EUNIS99 conference paper (
Liverpool John Moores University (1993) The Economic Value of Higher Education in Liverpool. The Liverpool John Moores University Trust.
Lundvall B-A. (1988) 'Innovation as an interactive process: from user-producer interaction to the national systems of innovation', in G Dosi et al, Technical Change and Economic Theory, Frances Pinter, London.
Lundvall B-A. (1988) 'Innovation as an interactive process: from user-producer interaction to the national systems of innovation', in G Dosi et al, Technical Change and Economic Theory, Frances Pinter, London.
Lundvall, B.-Å.; Johnson, B. (1994): The learning economy. Journal of Industry Studies, 2, 23-42.
Lundvall, B.-Å.; Johnson, B. (1994): The learning economy. Journal of Industry Studies, 2, 23-42.
Lundvall, B-Å (ed) (1992), National systems of innovation. Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London: Pinter.
Lundvall, B-Å (ed) (1992), National systems of innovation. Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London: Pinter.
Maginn, A. and Dench, S. Labour market Information for Higher education institutions: A Guide, Institute for Employment studies, Brighton.
Maskell, P. and Törnqvist, G. (1999) Building a Cross-Border Learning region: Emergence of the North European Øresund Region, Copenhagen Business School Press.
McGovern, P. (1996) multinational firms and qualification inflation in a hi-tech labour market, New technology, Work and Employment, 11, 66-76.
McNicoll, I. H. (1993) The Impact of Strathclyde University on the Economy of Scotland. Department of Economics, University of Strathclyde.
McNicoll, I. H. (1993) The Impact of the Further Education Sector on the Economy of Scotland. Department of Economics, University of Strathclyde.
McNicoll, I. H., K. McClusky, and U. Kelly (1997), The Impact of Universities and Colleges on the UK Economy. London: CVCP.
Morgan, K. (1997) The Learning Region: Institutions, Innovation and Regional Renewal, Regional Studies. 31, 5, 491-503.
National Academies policy Advisory group (1996) Research Capability of the University System, NAPAG/Royal Society, London
National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (1997), Chapter 12: The Local and Regional Role of Higher Education. TSO.
Newby, P (1996) Partnership building and the community university. Centre for Higher Education Research, Middlesex University.
Newby, P (1997) Promises and actions: are universities the problem in building partnerships? Geojournal, 41, 4, 351-358.
Noble, D. (1998) ‘Digital diploma mills: the automation of higher education’, Science as Culture, 7, 355-368
North, D. (1995) The Economic Impact of Middlesex University. Centre for Enterprise and economic Development Research, Middlesex University.
OECD (1982), The University and The Community: The Problems of Changing Relationships. Paris: OECD: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation.
Parsons, D. and Marshall, V. (1996) Skills, Qualifications and Utilisation: a research review, DfEE research series No 67, DfEE.
Pike, A. and Charles, D.R. (1995) ‘The impact of international collaboration on University industry links’, Industry and Higher Education, 9, 264-276.
Pike, A. and Charles, D.R. (1995) International collaboration and university industry links in the North of England, Northern Economic Review, 23, 66-84.
Potts, J. Graduating into SMEs – smoothing the path? An evaluation of Cumbria’s Graduate employment Scheme, paper presented to ESRC Urban and Regional Economics seminar group, Carlisle, 6-8th January.
Rappert, B, Webster, A and Charles, D.R. (1999 forthcoming) ‘Making sense of diversity and reluctance: academic relations for USOs and SMEs, Research Policy.
Rappert, B. and Webster, A. (1997) Regimes of ordering: the commercialization of intellectual property in industrial-academic collaborations, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 9,115-130.
Reader, P. (1993). Community Relations: An examination of the validity of the University of Southampton’s Policy in comparison with experiences elsewhere in the UK and in the USA. Public Relations Office. University of Southampton.
Readings, B. (1995),The University in Ruins, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Readings, B. (1996) The University in Ruins. London: Harvard University Press.
Ritzer, G. (1998) The McDonaldization Thesis: Explorations and Extensions, SAGE Publications, London.
Robins, K. and Webster, F. (1989), The Technical Fix: Education Computers and Industry, London: Macmillan
Robins, K., Charles, D.R., Cornford, J. and Goddard, J.B. (1998) Space, Place and the Virtual University: Project Synopsis, CURDS, University of Newcastle.
Robson, B. et al (1995), The Economic and Social Impact of Greater Manchester's Universities. University of Manchester: Centre for Urban Policy Studies.
Robson, B. et al (1997), Higher Education and Regions, Report 9. The National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education. London: HMSO.
Rosenberg, N. and Nelson, R. (1994), ‘American universities and technical change in industry’, Research Policy, 23, 323-348.
Sargeant, A., Sadler-Smith, E. and Dawson, A (1998) University collaboration and regional economic development – exploiting the potential, Local Economy, 13, 257-266.
Schuetze, H and Colardyn, D. (1997) Skills, Training and Regional Competitiveness, Background Report for Berlin Conference, OECD, Paris.
Scott, P. (1995), The Meanings of Mass Higher Education. Milton Keynes: SRHE/Open University Press.
Scottish Enterprise/Royal Society of Edinburgh (1996) Commercialisation Enquiry - Final report, SE/RSE, Edinburgh.
Smith, A. and F. Webster, eds. (1997), The Postmodern University? Contested Visions of Higher Education in Society. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education/Open University Press.
Smith, A. and Webster, F. (eds) (1997), The Postmodern University, Contested Visions of Higher Education Milton Keynes: SRHE/Open University Press.
Smith, R. (1999) A University for Cumbria: Planning and competition as alternative development models, paper presented to ESRC Urban and regional economics seminar group, Carlisle, January.
Stone, D. (….) Principles and pragmatism the ‘privatisation’ of British higher education, Policy and Politics, 26, 255-271.
Tabatoni, P and Barblan, A. (nd) Principles of Strategic Management in Universities, CRE.
Taylor, P. (1989) “The Impact of institutions of higher education on local income and employment: the case of Bristol Polytechnic,” Higher Education Review 22 (2), 39-59.
University of Greenwich (1993) University of Greenwich. Economic Impact assessment of Joyce Green Lane, Dartford Relocation. Roger Tym and Partners, London.
University of Joensuu (1998?) The Regional Impact of the University, Self Evaluation Report, project for the Evaluation of the Regional Role of Eastern Finland Universities, Joensuu.
University of Southern California (1993) USC and the Community, Office of University Public Relations.
University of Teeside . Enterprise in Higher Education: New Partnerships in Local Development.
University of Warwick (1989) Warwick University and its Economic Impact. Warwick Resaerch Institute and Segal Quince Wicksteed.
van der Meer, E. (1996) Knowledge on the Move: The University as a Local Source of Expertise, University of Amsterdam
van der Wusten, H., ed. (1998), The Urban University and its Identity. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Press.
Van Geenhuizen, M. Nijkamp, P. Ricjckenberg, H. (1996) Universities as key actors in knowledge-based economic growth. Paper presented at Urban Universities and their cities conference. University of Amsterdam.
Webster, A, Rappert, B., Charles, D.R. and Windrum, P. (1998) University Spin offs, SMEs and the Science Base: The Effective Use of Intellectual Property, ESRC End of Award Report L325253035.
Webster, A. and Etzkowitz, H. (1991) Academic-Industry Relations: The Second Academic Revolution? SPSG Concept Paper No. 12, SPSG, London.
Welsh development Agency (ed) (1998) A Matter of Connections: Links between development agencies and universities: a partnership for economic development, WDA, Cardiff.
Winner, L. (1998) ‘Report from the Digital Diploma Mills conference’, Science as Culture, 7, 369-377
Wliiams, H and Owen, G. (1997) recruitment and Utilisation of Graduates by Small and Medium Sized Enterprises, DfEE research report series RR29, DfEE
Wood, B. (1994) A Report on the spending and employment impact of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne on the North East Region.. Department of Town and Country Planning, University of Newcastle.
Wright, A. (1994), “The University in the Community,” in Universities in the Twenty-First Century - A Lecture Series, The National Commission on Education and The Council for Industry and Higher Education, eds. London: The National Commission on Education, 87-110.