UNIT 1: to Understand the Human Needs and Theirclassification Accordingto Different Models

AF_ SAN01_Emotional Care
Guia del Professor

1. Aims

UNIT 1: To understand the human needs and theirclassification accordingto different models.

To compare a hierarchical model (Maslow) with a non-hierarchical one(Virginia Henderson).
To use vocabulary related to the human needs.
To understand the concept of self-actualization.
Tounderstandthe role of a nurse according to VirginiaHendersonmodel.

UNIT 2: To learn communication skillsthat are necessary for providing quality emotional care to patients.

To distinguish verbal and non-verbal communication.
To use active listening strategies.
To empathise with the patients.

2. Materials and methodology

UNIT 1

Food for thought (30 minutes)

TIPS

All units begin with an introductory section called: Food for thought.
This section contains basic questions related to the topic of theunit so thatthe students can reflect on how much they know about human needs before starting to work.
Food for thought should takeapproximately30 minutesof class time.

The teacher should take thisinto account when explaining and correcting the task:
Priorization, hierarchy and humans needs are subjected to some degree of subjectivity
Students may not be aware of the fact that when they suffer froma disease we may not be able to satisfy some of ourbasic needs.
Regarding the question: What’s nurse and nurse assistant role? The answer could be :
To reach the independence of the patient as soon as possible.
We should take care of our patient’s needs during the nursing process; above all nursing assistants have a very important role in the implementation step of the nursing process.

KEY

a. The correct order of human needs according to Maslow, from the top to the bottom of the pyramid is:

5. Self-actualization

4. Esteem

3. Love/Belonging

2. Safety

1. Physiological needs

Figure 1. Maslow Pyramid

b. Possible answers

5. Self-actualization: studies, learning from classes or from others.

4. Esteem: healthy self-esteem, beingcapable of passing your exams,of making friends.

3. Love/Belonging: talking with your friends, expressing emotions, belonging to a club.

2. Safety:housing (flat, apartment, cave), money for food, etc.

1. Physiological needs: breathing, eating, drinking, sleeping, resting, etc.

TIPS

Encourage the students to describewhat physiological needs are, what they think that safety and love mean.
Studentscan answer thisbythinking about their daily activities.
If students do not know what belonging, esteem and self-actualizationmean, explain these concepts using examples or showing them some images to help the students to understand the words.

TO KNOW MORE
You can find more information about human needs according to Maslow on this website.
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Task 2. Human needs according to Virginia Henderson (1 hour)

KEY:

Maslow’s needs are divided into 5 levels and they are hierarchised. A need would have to be mostly satisfied before someone can give his/her attention to the next higher need.However Virginia Henderson describes14 needs and they are not hierarchised. What is more, worship according to one’s faith does not appear in Maslow needs.

TIPS

I may recommend giving this task as homework.
Students can use the dictionary to look up the verbs or nouns.
Facilities: the building for a specific purpose, service. (Attention, facilitiesis a false friend!)

AF_SAN01_ Emotional Care/ Guia del professor.Maria Redon

Final draft GPunit1 unit2 _v1_marianredon200614

KEY:Table 1. Verbs and nouns from Virginia Henderson Human Needs

Task 3. Self-actualization (1 hour)

TIPS

Students must read the glossary before starting task 3.
They should pay attentionto actualize and achievement definitions.These terms are essential to understand the video.
This task would also be very useful to practice pronunciation.
Teacher may use thistask to remind students that _ness creates abstract nouns from an adjective (goodness, whiteness, selfishness, closeness)
These are some questions you may askto the students before watching the video:
Have you had some peak experiences?
Do you know self- actualizing people?
Have you ever met any of them?
These questions can help students to understand the video better.

“No one can do everything, but we nearly all are able to achieve more than we think we can”

Length: 9’ 59 minutes / Maslow’s Hierarchy

Where was Maslow from?
What are Maslow’s assumptions?
What have you learnt about Maslow’s life and importance?
What are the characteristics of self -actualizing people?
What self-actualizing people does the video mention?

KEY:

He was from New York, America.
Human nature is basically good. Normal human development involves the actualization of the goodness.
Responses can vary:
He described human needs.
He said that some needs have to do with survival, physically or psychologycally.
According to Maslow the human needs are hierachised/prioritized.
He studied psychology.
He died in California.
He was one of the founders of Humanistic Psychology.
Morality, autonomy, creativity, spontaneous personality or spontaneity, problem solving abilities, lack of prejudice, peak experiences
Peak experiences are high points in life when the individual is in harmony with himself and his/her surroundings.
Einstein, Gandhi, Teresa de Calcutta, Steven Hawking, Nelson Mandela…

TO KNOW MORE
You can find more information about Maslow’s biography and theory on this website.
/

Task 4. Virginia Henderson: nurse role (1 hour)

TIPS

Students should learn the following vocabularybefore starting the task
Propose the students to build sentences using the words in the glossary
Possible questions to ask:what are your aims? what tasks do you usually perform?

KEY:The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sickor well (healthy), in the performance of those activities contributing to his/her healthor to his/her peaceful death. The objective is that the nurse helps the patient to perform daily tasks that he/she would perform unaided if he/she had the necessary strength, willor knowledge.And to do this in such a way as to help him/her gainindependenceas rapidly as possible" (Henderson, 1966).

Length: 2.05 minutes / First lady of Nursing: Virginia Henderson:

HIGHLIGHTS
The Goal of nursing: to gain independence and to improve the health of individuals and thus to reduce illness.

Task 5. Class quiz (1 hour)

TIPS

Some students may have problems to form sentences.
Help them by creating the first multiple choice question.

For example:

1- Maslow’s needs are divided into:

5 levels.
4 levels.
3 levels.
2 levels.

2.-Virginia Henderson described:

14 needs.
The nurse role.
a and b are correct.
None of the above answers are correct.

UNIT 2

Food for thought (30 minutes)

TO KNOW MORE
You can find more information about non-verbal communication
/ 1. Body Language at Work by Peter Clayton

Task 1. Communication process (1 hour)

TIPS

Don’t forget to explain the previous concepts to the students.
Use different examples to achievethe propercomprehension of the definitions.

Complete the diagram of verbal and non-verbal communication by writing the words in the list under the corresponding categories.

AF_SAN01_ Emotional Care/ Guia del professor.Maria Redon

Final draft GPunit1 unit2 _v1_marianredon200614

Pitch variation (highness or lowness)
Body contact
Posture
Facial expression
Hand movements
Pauses
Volume variation
Sound
Laughter
Head movements
Eye movement
Winking
Nodding
Untidiness
Frown
Shaking hands
Stress on words
Intonation
Speaking speed
Silence
Buzzer sound
Red light
Pictogram

AF_SAN01_ Emotional Care/ Guia del professor.Maria Redon

Final draft GPunit1 unit2 _v1_marianredon200614

AF_SAN01_ Emotional Care/ Guia del professor.Maria Redon

Final draft GP unit1 unit2 _v2_marianredon200614

AF_SAN01_ Emotional Care/ Guia del professor.Maria Redon

Final draft GP unit1 unit2 _v2_marianredon200614

Task 2. Speak up. (1.5 hours)

KEY: The dialogue in the correct order.

N: - Good morning! I’m Maria. I’m a nurse assistant. What’s your name?

P: - My name is David

N: - Sorry, could you spell your name please?

P: - D-A-V-I-D

N: - Hello Mrs, what is your relationship to the patient?

R: - I am his sister and I am taking care of him this morning.

N: -It’s nice to meet you Maria. David, did you sleep well last night?

P: - No, I couldn’t fall asleep, I was awake until 2.00 pm.

N: - So, you must be very tired, I understand you. Maybe, you should have a nap this afternoon.

P: - Yes, Maria. I promise you that I’ll try to sleep this afternoon.

N: - But, are you hungry, David?

P: - No, thank you. I ate an apple one hour ago.

N: - Very good, fruits are healthy food. Did you know that eating an apple a day keeps the doctor away?

P: - Really, I didn’t know thissaying.

N: - Do you need anything else?

P: - I would like a glass of water, please.

N: - OK, I’m coming back in 2 minutes and I’ll fetch the water for you.

P: - Thank you so much, Maria. You are very kind and assertive.

N: - Try to rest David and if you need something elsejust please ring the buzzer.

P: - OK, see you later.

N: - Bye, David. Have a good day, Maria.

Introduction / Patient care / Advice / Emotional support
-Good morning! I’m Maria. I’m a nurse assistant. What’s your name?
-Hello Mrs, what is your relationship to the patient?
-I am his sister and I am taking care of him this morning.
-It’s nice to meet you Maria.

Other possible sentences:
- Good afternoon, can I come in?
- I am a healthcare assistant.
- My name is….
- / -David, did you sleep well last night?
-No, I couldn’t fall asleep, I was awake until 2.00 pm.
-But, are you hungry, David?
-Do you need anything else?
-OK, I’m coming back in 2 minutes and I’ll bring you the water.
-Where do you feel the pain?
- Tell me if it hurts.
- Do you have any allergies?
- Are you cold?
- Do you feel nauseous?
- Are you OK/ready?
- Can I help you?
- Do you still feel sick?
- How can I help you?
- How do you feel now? / -Maybe, you should have a nap this afternoon.
-Try to rest David and if you need something just please ring the buzzer.
- It is important to do exercises every day.
- Please, take the pill every morning.
- Your calorie intake is very low, you should eat more.
- You shouldn’t skip breakfast.
-A balanced diet is a good idea.
- You should drink water.
- You shouldn’t smoke. / -So, you are very tired.
- I understand you.
-Very good, fruits are healthy food.
-Do you know that eating an apple a day keeps the doctor away?
-Thank you so much, Maria. You are very kind and assertive.
- I am sorry.
- What do you think?
- Do you agree?
- I think you are right.
- I trust you.
- Have you understood?
- I can repeat it if you want.
- Thanks for your help.
- Can you hear me?
TO KNOW MORE
You can find more information about easy English conversations for seeing the doctor
/ At the doctor’s Office part 1 and 2 and giving advice.

Task 3. Communication skills. (1 hour)

assertive body language confidence empathy

encourage handshake intonation listen

message self-esteem paraphrase repetition

Task 4. Empathy. (1 hour)

KEY:

b. We can explain the causes of the delay to the patient.

We must be patient, assertive and empathetic and avoid being nervous and aggressive.

We can apologise for our delay (sorry, I regret +..ing )

Who says these sentences? / Doctor / Patient

Finally, I ‘ve been waiting for over two hours.
Mmm,
It sounds that you are a bit frustrated.
Your assistant is completely unhelpful and rude.
It sounds to me that you waited a long longer than you had expected.
I know how important safety is to you.
I feel a bit disappointment.
Taking care of that patient and her baby’s also very important to me.
I honestly had no idea how long I would be.
Well you know Joe it sounds like you are maybefeeling a little bit of regret.
I do my very best to consider everyone’s needs Joe, yours included.
Aren’t?

KEY:

Doctor says:

2. Mmm,

3. It sounds that you are a bit frustrated.

5. It sounds to me that you waited a long longer than you had expected.

6. I know how important safety is to you.

7. I feel a bit disappointment.

8. Taking care of that patient and her baby’s also very important to me.

9. I honestly had no idea how long I would be.

10. Well you know Joe it sounds like you are maybe feeling a little bit of regret.

11. I do my very best to consider everyone’s needs Joe, yours included.

12. Aren’t?

The patient says:

1. Finally, I’ ve been waiting for over two hours.

4. Your assistant is completely unhelpful and rude.

/ Difficult patient - angry about office wait – empathy

KEY:

a) Doctor:he nods, he moves his hands, he keeps eye contact, he smiles, he uses voice modulation, he makes pauses.

6. I know how important safety is to you.

9. I honestly had no idea how long I would be.

11. I do my very best to consider everyone’s needs Joe, yours included.

10. Well you know Joe it sounds like you are maybe feeling a little bit of regret.

2. Mmm,

12. Aren’t?

5. It sounds to me that you waited a long longer than you had expected.

3. It sounds that you are a bit frustrated.

10. Well you know Joe it sounds like you are maybe feeling a little bit of regret.

3. It sounds that you are a bit frustrated.

5. It sounds to me that you waited a long longer than you had expected.

10. Well you know Joe it sounds like you are maybe feeling a little bit of regret.

KEY

Empathy: I know how important his safety is to you

I understand your situation. Let me explain to you the cause of my delay.

I admit my fault.

I am so sorry to have kept you waiting so long.

If I were you I would get nervous too.

Paraphrasing: It sounds that you are a bit frustrated

So, you are saying to me that you are very upset, aren’t you?

You have told me that you were attending to an emergency, haven’t you?

POSSIBLEDIALOGUE

D: Good morning, Mr Smith.

P: I have been waiting for a long time and I have abdomen pain. I am feeling so bad.

D: I understand your situation. Let me explain the cause of my delay to you.

P: I think that you should have warned us that you might be late.

D: I am so sorry to have kept you waiting so long but I was busy withan emergency. Emergencies are unexpected.

P: You have told me that you were attending toan emergency, haven’t you?

P: I am nervous and exhausted and I have an intense pain in lower right side of myabdomen. I am an emergency too. I need that youhelp me immediately.

D: If I were you I would get nervous, too. So, you are saying to me that you have intense pain now, aren’t you?

P: Don’t worry; I am with you.

TO KNOW MORE
You can find more information about communication skills for nurses.
/
HIGHLIGHTS
SUMMARY OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION:
-Verbal.
-Non-verbal.
-Clear message.
-Active listening.
-Showing you are engaged.
-It’s important to be open and honest when communicating with patients or their families.
-Blocking behaviours leads to poor quality patient care.
-Consider you own needs and limitations and the resources you have available.
-Adjust your vocabulary.
-Encourage the patients to express their feelings.

AF_SAN01_ Emotional Care/ Guia del professor.Maria Redon