World History

First Quarterly Assessment

(revised 8/14/14)

Name: ______

Class: ______

  1. Which leader was inspired by the idea of the American Revolution and the Enlightenment to lead the liberation of much of South America from Spain?
  1. Simon Bolivar
  2. Padre Miguel Hidalgo
  3. Jose Marti
  4. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
  1. “To understand political power right, and derive it from its original, we must consider, what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature, without asking leave, or depending upon the will of any other man.”
    Locke, John.The Second Treatise of Civil Government.1690.

From the passage above, what idea is John Locke describing? ______

  1. Adam Smith would most agree with which of the following statements?
  1. The national government should fund public schools
  2. The government should stay out of economic issues whenever possible
  3. The government should provide unemployment benefits
  4. The government should provide tax breaks to cover child care cost
  1. “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.”

The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of:

  1. Niccolo Machiavelli
  2. Charles Darwin
  3. Charlemagne
  4. John Locke
  1. Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in:
  1. Changing the relationship between people and their government
  2. Supporting the Divine Right theory
  3. Debating the role of the Church in society
  4. Promoting increased power for European monarchs
  1. The writings of the Enlightenment philosophers in Europe encouraged later political revolution with their support of:
  1. Socialism
  2. Imperialism
  3. The natural rights of man
  4. The divine right of monarchs
  1. The writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment believed that government decisions should be based on :
  1. Fundamental religious beliefs
  2. The concept of divine right of kings
  3. The laws of nature and reason
  4. Traditional values
  1. --Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains.

--Everyone has the natural right to life, liberty, and property.

--Slavery, torture, and religious persecution are wrong.

During which period in European history would the ideas in these statements have been expressed?

  1. PaxRomana
  2. Age of Exploration
  3. Enlightenment
  4. Age of Imperialism
  1. During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the work of many scientists and philosophers was that they:
  1. Relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers
  2. Favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions
  3. Received support from the Catholic Church
  4. Examined natural laws governing the universe
  1. In Pakistan and India, feelings of Nationalism are intertwined with religious conflict between:
  1. Buddhists and Hindus
  2. Christians and Muslims
  3. Taoists and Buddhists
  4. Muslims and Hindus
  1. Why did Hitler sign a non-aggression treaty with Stalin on the eve of World War II?
  1. To prevent the League of Nations from acting to stop the war
  2. To show that Hitler changed his views on Communism
  3. To allow Germany to invade Poland without Soviet opposition
  4. To insure that Germany had direct access to the Baltic Sea
  1. Both the Italian Fascists and the German Nazis gained power partly because they:
  1. Had the support of an electoral majority of their nation’s people
  2. Carefully followed accepted democratic political practices
  3. Used terror tactics against political opponents
  4. Represented the ideas of compromise and prudent government
  1. The Nazis blamed most of Germany’s pre-World War II social and economic problems on the Jews and the:
  1. Communists
  2. Military
  3. Industrialists
  4. Catholics
  1. Describe Mahatma Gandhi’s strategy of non violence and the impact it made on equality movements thereafter. Was Gandhi’s strategy effective? Why or why not?

______

  1. The Rwandan genocide was between which two ethnic groups? How were those ethnic groups established, and how did they impact the culture of Rwanda in the period before the genocide?

______

  1. One major reason for the tension between France and Germany before World War I was that:
  1. France had begun to surpass Germany in industrial output
  2. Germany wanted to join the Triple Entente with Great Britain
  3. Germany controlled French access to the North Sea
  4. France wanted to regain lands previously seized by Germany
  1. Early in World War II, Allied leaders decided that the enemy they had to defeat first was:
  1. The Ottoman Empire
  2. The Soviet Union
  3. Imperial Japan
  4. Nazi Germany
  1. “He who trusts any man with supreme power gives it to a wild beast, for such his appetite sometimes makes him: passion influences those in power, even the best of men, but law is reason without desire. . . . “

—Aristotle

Which feature of modern Western democratic government reflects Aristotle’s views as given above?

A the direct election of members of the legislature

B the power of the courts to review the law

C the granting of emergency powers to the chief executive

D the requirement that government actions must adhere to the law

  1. Describe the basic differences between a direct democracy and a representative democracy.

______

  1. When a country’s constitution requires the branches of government to remain independent of each other, it is adhering to the constitutional principle of
  1. Popular Sovereignty
  2. Separation of Powers
  3. Federalism
  4. Direct Democracy
  1. “No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned or diseased or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.”
    - Referenced from Magna Carta 1215

Describe how the above passage provided security to the public while limiting the King of England and barons. ______

  1. Read both statements below and answer the following question

“Hereby it is manifest, that during the time men live without a common power (government) to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war, is of every man, against every man” – Thomas Hobbes

“Men living together according to reason without a common superior….with authority to judge between themis properly the state of nature. But force….where there is no common superior on Earth to appeal to for relief, is the state of war.” - John Locke

Hobbes and Locke, two great Enlightenment philosophers, viewed the necessity of government differently. According to the above quotes who believed man was continually at war, without a forceful and strong government and why?

______

  1. “Believe me; many things are attributed to gravity and wisdom which are really due to incapacity and sloth. Men often despise what they despair of obtaining. It is in the very nature of ignorance to scorn what it cannot understand, and to desire to keep others from attaining what it cannot reach. Hence the false judgments upon matters of which we know nothing, by which we evince our envy quite as clearly as our stupidity.” – Francesco Petrarch

This statement was taken from a letter written by Humanist poet Francesco Petrarch on the topics of life and literature.How dothe ideas from the passage relate to that of the Enlightenment Thinkers?Use specific ideas from the text to make an analytical comparison of Petrarch’s ideas to any Enlightenment Thinker of your choice.

______

  1. Describe the historical significance of the printing press’ influence on the scientific revolution.

______

  1. “That the Holy Roman Empire was neither Holy, nor Roman, and only a confederation of German tribal states rather than an Empire.” - Voltaire

Voltaire’s opinion best illustrates which of the following?

  1. The re-establishment of the Roman Empire failed to seize the grandeur once known in the world.
  2. Church and state failed to dominate Europe during the 14th century.
  3. God ordained German tribes.

D. The Pope held little control over the region.