APEH--Chapter 14: Reformation and Religious Wars
During the Middle Ages the Church had total supremacy over all Europe. Now, monarchs gained power and devised empires and national states. Now, Pope’s were seen as threats to the monarchs.
1. Vocab. words: transubstantiation; consubstantiation; simony, pluralism, indulgences, absenteeism, nepotism
2. Decline in papacy influence: **REFER TO NOTES in the MIDDLE AGES!
a. Great Schism 1054
b. Babylonian Captivity, Papal Schism
3. MARTIN LUTHER: and the birth of Protestantism
a. 1517
b. indulgences/Johann Tetzel
c. “salvation by faith”
d. “protestants”
e. Diet of Worms/Pope Leo X(1513-1521)
f. Edict of Worms(1521)
g. Peasant revolts
h. Religious Wars in Germany/Peace of Augsburg(1555)
THE GROWTH OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
4. JOHN CALVIN: Calvinism a. 1536 Institutes of Christian Religion b. theocracy in Switzerland
5. Ulrich Zwingli
6. Anabaptists
7. THE ENGLISH REFORMATION / Anglicanism a. War of the Roses(1455-85)b. Henry VIII(1509-1647) & the Tudor Dynasty(1485-1603)
8. John Knox/Scotland
9. CATHOLIC REFORMATION/COUNTER-REFORMATION
10. JESUITS/Ignatius Loyola(1491-1556)
11. Council of Trent(1545-1564)
12. The Congregation of the Holy Office
13. The Reformations: Revolution or Continuity??
RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE(pages 433-437)
14. What were the causes & consequences of religious violence, including riots, wars, & witch-hunts??
15. Hapsburg-Valois wars
16. Concordat of Bologna
17. Huguenots
18. Saint Bartholomew’s Day massacre
19. War of the Three Henrys
20. French politiques
21. Edict of Nantes
22. “Paris is worth a mass.”
23. Netherlands
24. Philip II of Spain
25. “Council of Blood”
26. Union of Utretch
27. la felicissima armada
28. defeat of the Spanish Armada
29. Elizabeth I
30. The Thirty Years War( 1618-1648)- Ch. 16,pgs. 482-484
31. Protestant Union
32. “defenstration of Prague”
33. Gustavus Adolphus
34. Peace of Westphalia
35. Cardinal Richelieu
36. Louis XIII
37. Great European Witch Hunt
a. What was the social status of women between 1560-1648?
b. Explain what the witch-hunts tell us about attitudes toward women?