Key Terms and Concepts Chapter 5: Memory Structures and Processes

Case Study of Clive Wearing

Memory Processes (encoding, storage and retrieval)

Information processing view – processes compared to (analogous to) a computer.

Modal Model of Memory

Sensory Memory

Sperling (1960) Whole report and partial report study

What do the results tell us?

Capacity of Sensory memory

Duration of iconic memory

Duration of other sensory modalities of memory (echoic and Tactile)

Two stage Model of Sensory Memory

-How does it explain differences in duration of Modalities of sensory memory?

Neuroscience and Sensory Memory

Short-Term Memory (STM) – view of memory as a storage unit.

Maintenance Rehearsal

George Millers (1956) – Magic number 7+/- 2 - STM capacity

STM Span

Chunks

Factors that affect Memory span

Pronunciation time (# of syllables)

Chuck size

Peterson and Peterson (1959) study

Duration of STM

Forgetting from STM

Passage of time without rehearsal

Interference (retroactive and proactive)

Are STM and LTM Different stores? - evidence from Case studies (Double Dissociation)

Long Term Memory (LTM)

Bahrick, Bahrick, & Witlinger, 197 – 50 years of memory

Recall vs. recognition

Bahrick et al. (2008). College student’s memory for academic grades.

Permastore

Capacity and Duration

Types of LTM

Episodic Memory

Autobiographical

Non-autobiographical

Role of Medial Temporal Lobe

Semantic Memory

Neurological

Procedural Memory

Neurological

-Clive Wearing Case Study

-Dressing Apraxia

-HM

Working Memory – place where work is done with information.

Central Executive

Dysexecutive syndrome

Storage Systems

Visuospatial sketch pad

-Shepard and Metzler (1971) Mental Rotation Studies

Phonological loop

-Word similarity effect

-Articulatory Suppression effect

-Word length effect

– and language

Dual task studies that show the storage systems each have limited capacity and are independent (do not interfere with each other).

Episodic Buffer

Evidence this is a separate store

Evidence from case studies

Working Memory Capacity

Reading Span

Operation Span

Relationship to Fluid and Crystalized intelligence

Retrieval from LTM

Intentional vs. incidental memory tasks

Explicit Memory

Recall vs. Recognition tests

Eagle and Leiter (1964) study

Implicit Memory

Priming Demonstration done in class

Jacoby (1988) – becoming famous overnight study

Capgras Delusion

Prospective Memory vs. Retrospective memory

Components of the PRMQ

Age and Memory

Stages of PM

Event –based and Time-based Tasks

Self-initiating Processes

Specificity of Targets

Improving PM

External Aids

How to have people remind you

Unexpected Interruptions

Multitasking

How to remind yourself