Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 8Th Edition

Chapter 25: Interventional Radiology

Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 8th Edition

Chapter 25: Interventional Radiology & Ch 27 Digital Fluoroscopy

Chapter 25: Interventional Radiology

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Developed in 1953, the 18 gauge hollow ______needle with a stylet is used to puncture the femoral artery.

a. / Judkins
b. / Seldinger
c. / Dotter
d. / Jones

ANS: B

Developed in 1953, the 18 gauge hollow Seldinger needle with a stylet is used to puncture the femoral artery.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

2. The most common risk for the angiography patient is

a. / bleeding at the puncture site.
b. / arterial puncture or tear.
c. / drug reaction to contrast.
d. / blood-clot formation.

ANS: A

The most common risk for the angiography patient is bleeding at the puncture site.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Identify the risks of arteriography.

3. During an interventional procedure ______must be maintained on the patient.

a. / pulse oximetry
b. / blood pressure measurement
c. / electrocardiography
d. / All of the above.

ANS: D

During an interventional procedure pulse oximetry, blood pressure measurement, and electrocardiography must be maintained on the patient.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Identify the risks of arteriography.

4. The x-ray tube used for interventional radiologic procedures has a

a. / small diameter anode.
b. / small target angle.
c. / large focal spot.
d. / low power rating.

ANS: B

The x-ray tube used for interventional radiologic procedures has a small target angle.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

5. Serial radiography requires x-ray equipment with a

a. / large small target angle.
b. / small anode disk.
c. / low heat capacity.
d. / high power rating.

ANS: D

Serial radiography requires x-ray equipment with a high power rating.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

6. The focal spot used for magnification of small vessels cannot be larger than ____ mm.

a. / 0.3
b. / 0.4
c. / 0.7
d. / 1.0

ANS: A

The focal spot used for magnification of small vessels cannot be larger than 0.3 mm.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

7. The size and construction of the ______determines the anode heat capacity.

a. / tube housing
b. / cathode wire
c. / bearing assembly
d. / anode disk

ANS: D

The size and construction of the anode disk determines the anode heat capacity.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Discuss the advantages that nonionic (water soluble) contrast media offer over ionic contrast media.

8. The power rating for an interventional radiography tube should be at least ___ kW.

a. / 20
b. / 40
c. / 80
d. / 100

ANS: C

The power rating for an interventional radiography tube should be at least 80 kW.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

9. When one is imaging a flow of contrast from the abdomen to the feet, a ______is used.

a. / tilting table
b. / stepping table
c. / sliding tube
d. / cine camera

ANS: B

When one is imaging a flow of contrast from abdomen to feet, a stepping table is used.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

10. The patient table is moved with a floor switch to maintain a ______.

a. / better motion control
b. / smooth movement
c. / low exposure rate
d. / sterile field

ANS: D

The patient table is moved with a floor switch to maintain a sterile field.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

11. During cinefluorographic imaging, the x-ray tube is energized

a. / during the time of cine exposure.
b. / during the time between frames.
c. / during every other frame
d. / Both a and b.

ANS: A

During cinefluorographic imaging, the x-ray tube is energized during the time of cine exposure.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

12. Cine cameras are driven by ______motors.

a. / induction
b. / synchronous
c. / unsynchronized
d. / direct current

ANS: B

Cine cameras are driven by synchronous motors.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

13. As the frame rate of the cine camera is increased, the ______is also increased.

a. / image blur
b. / spatial resolution
c. / contrast resolution
d. / patient dose

ANS: D

As the frame rate of the cine camera is increased, the patient dose is also increased.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe measures are used to provide radiation protection for patients and personnel during interventional procedures.

14. The ______artery is the one most often accessed for arteriograms.

a. / pulmonary
b. / carotid
c. / femoral
d. / brachial

ANS: C

The femoral artery is the one most often accessed for arteriograms.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the reasons why minimally invasive (percutaneous) vascular procedures are more of a benefit than traditional surgical procedures.

15. A patient must have ______before having an angiography or interventional procedure.

a. / a history and physical examination
b. / orders for IV hydration
c. / a diet of clear liquids
d. / All of the above.

ANS: D

A patient must have a history and physical examination, orders for IV hydration, and a diet of clear liquids before having an angiography or interventional procedure.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Identify the risks of arteriography.

16. The use of ______reduces the risk of a drug reaction during angiographic procedures.

a. / hydrophilic catheters
b. / ionic contrast
c. / nonionic contrast
d. / heparin coating

ANS: C

The use of nonionic contrast reduces the risk of a drug reaction during interventional and angiographic procedures.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Identify the risks of arteriography.

17. The highest cine frame rates are required for ______studies.

a. / cardiac
b. / pulmonary
c. / run-off
d. / cerebral

ANS: A

The highest cine frame rates are required for cardiac studies.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

18. The highest cine frame rate possible is ____ frames per second.

a. / 100
b. / 60
c. / 30
d. / 15

ANS: B

The highest cine frame rate possible is 60 frames per second.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

19. ______is an example of an interventional procedure.

a. / Cardiac catheterization
b. / Myelography
c. / Angioplasty
d. / Angiography

ANS: C

Angioplasty is an example of an interventional procedure.

DIF: Moderate OBJ: Describe the special equipment in the interventional suite.

20. A technologist who passes the ARRT exam in cardiovascular and interventional radiography may add ______after the RT (R).

a. / (VT)
b. / (CI)
c. / (IR)
d. / (CV)

ANS: D

A technologist who passes the ARRT exam in cardiovascular and interventional radiography may add (CV) after the RT (R).

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the role of the cardiovascular and interventional technologist.

Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 8th Edition

Chapter 28: Digital Fluoroscopy

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Digital fluoroscopy uses ______monitor(s).

a. / 1
b. / 2
c. / 3
d. / 4

ANS: B

Digital fluoroscopy uses 2 monitors.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

2. The time it takes to turn on the digital fluoroscopy x-ray tube and reach the selected mA and kVp is the ______time.

a. / interrogation
b. / extinction
c. / radiographic
d. / acquisition

ANS: A

The time it takes to turn on the digital fluoroscopy x-ray tube and reach the selected mA and kVp is the interrogation time.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

3. A charge coupled device used in digital fluoroscopy provides high

a. / spatial resolution.
b. / signal-to-noise ratio.
c. / detective quantum efficiency.
d. / All of the above.

ANS: D

A charge coupled device used in digital fluoroscopy provides high spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, and high detective quantum efficiency.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

4. A digital fluoroscopy with a charge coupled device has lower ______and higher ______than conventional fluoroscopy.

a. / light sensitivity, patient dose
b. / patient dose, light sensitivity
c. / detective quantum efficiency, maintenance
d. / signal-to-noise ratio, patient dose

ANS: B

A digital fluoroscopy with a charge coupled device has lower patient dose and higher light sensitivity than conventional fluoroscopy.

DIF: Difficult

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

5. A principal advantage of digital fluoroscopy is the

a. / dynamic range.
b. / image acquisition rate.
c. / image subtraction.
d. / progressive mode.

ANS: C

A principal advantage of digital fluoroscopy is the image subtraction technique.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

6. Digital fluoroscopy energy subtraction has less ______than temporal subtraction.

a. / complexity
b. / x-ray intensity
c. / kVp switching
d. / motion artifact

ANS: D

Digital fluoroscopy energy subtraction has less motion artifact than temporal subtraction.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

7. Image integration results in

a. / increased patient dose.
b. / decreased patient dose.
c. / decreased contrast resolution.
d. / increased noise artifact.

ANS: A

Image integration results in increased patient dose.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

8. Energy subtraction technique takes advantage of the difference in ______during contrast injection.

a. / tissue density
b. / K-edge absorption
c. / Compton scatter
d. / patient thickness

ANS: B

Energy subtraction technique takes advantage of the difference in K-edge absorption during contrast injection.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

9. Digital fluoroscopy systems with hybrid capabilities use both

a. / interlace and progressive modes.
b. / high mAs and low mass techniques.
c. / temporal and energy subtraction.
d. / charge coupled devices and TV monitors.

ANS: C

Digital fluoroscopy systems with hybrid capabilities use both temporal and energy subtraction.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

10. Remasking may be required due to

a. / noise artifacts.
b. / motion artifacts.
c. / technical factors.
d. / Any of the above.

ANS: D

Remasking may be required due to noise, motion, or technical factors.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Describe the parts of a digital fluoroscopy system and their functions.

11. The display for PACS must have a minimum of ______screen resolution.

a. / 2048 × 2048
b. / 925 × 925
c. / 1024 × 1024
d. / 256 × 256

ANS: A

The display for PACS must have a minimum of 2048 × 2048 screen resolution.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.

12. When using the PACS system, ______is useful for viewing fractures and small, high contrast objects.

a. / windowing
b. / edge enhancement
c. / subtraction
d. / highlighting

ANS: B

When using the PACS system, edge enhancement is useful for viewing fractures and small, high contrast objects.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.

13. When identifying diffuse nonfocal disease, ______is effective on the PACS monitor.

a. / windowing
b. / edge enhancement
c. / highlighting
d. / scrolling

ANS: C

When identifying diffuse nonfocal disease, highlighting is effective on the PACS monitor.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.

14. In a PACS network, each of the workstations and hospital mainframes is called a ______.

a. / workstation
b. / database
c. / DICOM
d. / client

ANS: D

In a PACS network, each of the workstations and hospital mainframes is called a client.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.

15. Teleradiology refers to ______of images.

a. / long-term storage
b. / realtime viewing
c. / remote transmission
d. / telephone transmission

ANS: C

Teleradiology refers to remote transmission of images.

DIF: Moderate

OBJ: Explain the picture archiving and teleradiology systems used in diagnostic imaging departments.