Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
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Chapter 17
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Plants, Fungi, and the Colonization of Land
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Multiple-Choice Questions
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1)
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The intimate, mutually beneficial association formed between a fungus and the root of a plant is called a(n)
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A)
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ingrowth.
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B)
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mycorrhiza.
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C)
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parasitic infection.
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D)
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hypha.
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E)
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mycelium.
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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Opening Essay
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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2)
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To reduce the need for fertilizers, some citrus growers
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A)
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add mycorrhizal fungi to the soil.
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B)
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eliminate harmful soil fungi.
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C)
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use fungicides.
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D)
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add mycorrhizal bacteria.
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E)
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eliminate harmful soil bacteria.
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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Opening Essay
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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3)
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The ancestors of land plants were probably ______that lived in ______.
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A)
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green algae similar to charophytes . . . the open ocean
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B)
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green algae similar to charophytes . . . coral reef habitats
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C)
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green algae similar to charophytes . . . coastal marshes or lake fringes
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D)
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cyanobacteria . . . coastal marshes or lake fringes
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E)
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cyanobacteria . . . moist soil crust communities
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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17.1
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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4)
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The land plants are a clade whose members all possess the following derived characters: alternation of haploid and diploid generations; walled spores produced in sporangia; multicellular, dependent embryos; and
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A)
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the ability to carry out photosynthesis.
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B)
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production of air- or animal-dispersed pollen grains.
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C)
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cell walls reinforced by lignin.
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D)
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male and female gametangia to protect gametes.
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E)
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xylem tissue to facilitate transport.
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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17.1
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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5)
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Gas exchange in most land plants occurs through structures called
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A)
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stomata.
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B)
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spiracles.
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C)
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phloem.
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D)
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gas pores.
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E)
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cuticles.
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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17.1
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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6)
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The ______, a zone of rapid cell division that produces growth, is found at primary root and stem tips.
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A)
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sporangium
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B)
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cuticle
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C)
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apical meristem
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D)
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lignin
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E)
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gametangium
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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17.1
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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7)
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In plants, the vascular tissue made of dead cells that transport water and minerals from the roots is called
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A)
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xylem.
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B)
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phloem.
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C)
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stomata.
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D)
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transport tissue.
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E)
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meristem.
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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17.1
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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8)
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In plants, the vascular tissue that consists of living cells that distribute sugars throughout the plant is called
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A)
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xylem.
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B)
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phloem.
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C)
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stomata.
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D)
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transport tissue.
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E)
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meristem.
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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17.1
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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9)
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In all plants, the zygote and earliest stages of the developing embryo are
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A)
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enclosed within a seed.
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B)
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a free-living, independent phase of the sexual life cycle.
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C)
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enclosed within a pollen grain.
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D)
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attached to and nourished by the parent plant.
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E)
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able to disperse in a tough-walled spore.
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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17.1
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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10)
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Mosses belong to the group of plants known as the
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A)
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angiosperms.
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B)
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gymnosperms.
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C)
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bryophytes.
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D)
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vascular plants.
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E)
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lichens.
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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17.2
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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11)
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Which of the following statements regarding ferns is true?
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A)
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Ferns do not have lignified cell walls.
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B)
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Ferns have well-developed vascular tissue, roots, and stems.
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C)
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Ferns produce seeds.
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D)
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Ferns produce pollen.
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E)
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Ferns reproduce effectively in dry conditions.
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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17.2
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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12)
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The majority of plant species today are
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A)
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angiosperms.
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B)
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bryophytes.
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C)
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gymnosperms.
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D)
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lycophytes.
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E)
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seedless vascular plants.
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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17.2
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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13)
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Which of the following characteristics tends to limit bryophytes and seedless vascular plants to habitats that are relatively moist?
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A)
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absence of cuticle
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B)
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presence of flagellated sperm
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C)
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presence of free-living, independent zygotes and early embryos
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D)
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presence of lignified vascular tissues
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E)
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presence of seeds and pollen
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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17.2
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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14)
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Which of the following options correctly represents the most likely sequence of the evolution of plants, from earliest to most recent?
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A)
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bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms
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B)
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seedless vascular plants, bryophytes, angiosperms, gymnosperms
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C)
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bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, gymnosperms
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D)
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bryophytes, gymnosperms, seedless vascular plants, angiosperms
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E)
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seedless vascular plants, angiosperms, bryophytes, gymnosperms
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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17.2
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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15)
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The type of life cycle seen in plants is called
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A)
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haplodiploidy.
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B)
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gametophyte production.
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C)
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alternation of generations.
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D)
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sporophytic regeneration.
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E)
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cyclic reproduction.
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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17.3
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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16)
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the alternation of generations in a plant life cycle?
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A)
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Diploid sporophytes that produce spores by meiosis alternate with haploid gametophytes that produce gametes by mitosis.
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B)
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Diploid sporophytes that produce gametes by meiosis alternate with haploid sporophytes that produce gametes by mitosis.
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C)
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Diploid gametophytes that produce gametes by meiosis alternate with diploid sporophytes that produce spores by mitosis.
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D)
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Diploid gametophytes that produce spores by mitosis alternate with haploid sporophytes that produce gametes by meiosis.
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E)
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Diploid gametophytes that produce gametes by meiosis alternate with haploid sporophytes that produce spores by mitosis.
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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17.3
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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17)
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The dominant stage of mosses is the
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A)
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sporophyte.
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B)
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gametangium.
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C)
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pollen.
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D)
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ovule.
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E)
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gametophyte.
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Answer:
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E
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Topic:
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17.4
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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18)
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Ferns and mosses are similar because both
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A)
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produce drought-resistant seeds.
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B)
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have dominant sporophytes.
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C)
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have diploid gametophytes.
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D)
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have flagellated sperm.
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E)
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have sporophytes that produce diploid spores.
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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17.4, 17.5
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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19)
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In a moss, most of the plants that we see are ______, while in a fern the most dominant stage is the ______.
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A)
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gametophytes . . . gametophyte
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B)
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gametophytes . . . sporophyte
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C)
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sporophytes . . . gametophyte
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D)
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sporophytes . . . sporophyte
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E)
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sporangia . . . gametangium
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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17.4, 17.5
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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20)
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Which of the following organisms has a dominant sporophyte generation and a free-living gametophyte generation?
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A)
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moss
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B)
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fern
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C)
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mushroom
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D)
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conifer
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E)
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human
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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17.5
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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21)
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About 95% of all modern plant species
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A)
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have a dominant sporophyte in their life cycle.
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B)
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have no sporophyte.
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C)
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have no gametophyte.
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D)
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have a gametophyte adapted to house a sporophyte stage.
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E)
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have flagellated sperm.
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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17.5
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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22)
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Heavy production and deposition of organic material during the Carboniferous period led to
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A)
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global warming.
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B)
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the thinning of the ozone layer.
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C)
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the production of coal.
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D)
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the evolution of lycophytes.
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E)
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the formation of tropical swamps.
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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17.6
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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23)
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Carboniferous deposition of organic material removed ______from the atmosphere, which produced a drier, cooler global climate and promoted the success of ______.
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A)
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oxygen . . . ferns
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B)
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oxygen . . . seed plants
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C)
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carbon dioxide . . . lycophytes
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D)
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carbon dioxide . . . seed plants
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E)
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water vapor . . . cacti and succulents
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Answer:
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D
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Topic:
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17.6
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Skill:
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Conceptual Understanding
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24)
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Which part of the life cycle does a pollen grain represent?
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A)
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a spore
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B)
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a sperm cell
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C)
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a male gametophyte
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D)
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a male sporangium
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E)
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a male sporophyte
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
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17.7
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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25)
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Which of the following represents the male gametophyte of a conifer?
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A)
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pollen grain
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B)
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sperm
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C)
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spore
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D)
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tree
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E)
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ovule
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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17.7
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Skill:
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Factual Recall
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26)
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Which of the following plants has a dominant sporophyte generation and a seed, but no fruit?
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A)
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fern
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B)
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pine tree
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C)
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tulip
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D)
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lycophyte
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E)
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moss
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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17.7
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Skill:
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Application
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27)
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The ______represents the sporophyte generation of a conifer, and the ______produces gametophytes.
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A)
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cone . . . tree
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B)
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tree . . . cone
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C)
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tree . . . pollen
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D)
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tree . . . seed
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E)
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seed . . . tree
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
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17.7
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Skill:
17
Conceptual Understanding
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28)
17
Two characteristics shared by gymnosperms and angiosperms that are absent from earlier plant groups and represent key adaptations to life on dry land are
17
A)
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a vascular system and lignin.
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B)
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flagellated sperm and gametangia.
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C)
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gametophyte and sporophyte generations.
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D)
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flowers and fruits.
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E)
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pollen and seeds.
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Answer:
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E
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Topic:
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17.7
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Skill:
17
Conceptual Understanding
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29)
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Pollen grains develop in the ______and are trapped by the ______.
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A)
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anther . . . stigma
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B)
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stigma . . . anther
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C)
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anther . . . ovary
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D)
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stigma . . . ovary
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E)
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carpel . . . stamen
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Answer:
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A
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Topic:
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17.8
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Skill:
17
Factual Recall
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30)
17
The ______is the protective chamber that houses the ovule and later matures to become the fruit.
17
A)
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petal
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B)
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ovary
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C)
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carpel
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D)
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sepals
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E)
17
stigma
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
17
17.8
17
Skill:
17
Factual Recall
17
31)
17
To cross-fertilize flowers A and B, one would first remove flower A's immature ______and later transfer pollen from flower B to flower A's ______.
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A)
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carpel . . . ovule
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B)
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anthers . . . stamen
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C)
17
stamens . . . stigma
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D)
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stigma . . . style
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E)
17
sepals . . . petals
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Answer:
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C
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Topic:
17
17.8
17
Skill:
17
Application
17
32)
17
The angiosperm plant we see represents the ______generation, and the flower produces ______.
17
A)
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sporophyte . . . gametophytes
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B)
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sporophyte . . . bryophytes
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C)
17
gametophyte . . . sporophytes
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D)
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gametophyte . . . bryophytes
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E)
17
seed . . . sporophytes
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Answer:
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A
17
Topic:
17
17.9
17
Skill:
17
Factual Recall
17
33)
17
Some of the unique adaptations of angiosperms include their beneficial relationships with ______and their relatively ______.
17
A)
17
animals . . . well-developed vascular system
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B)
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animals . . . rapid fertilization and seed production
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C)
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animals . . . large sporophyte
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D)
17
fungi . . . well-developed vascular system
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E)
17
fungi . . . slow seed maturation
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Answer:
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B
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Topic:
17
17.8, 17.9
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Skill:
17
Factual Recall
17
34)
17
The ripened ovary of a flower, which is adapted to disperse seeds, is called a(n)
17
A)
17
ovule.
17
B)
17
casing.
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C)
17
fruit.
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D)
17
cone.
17
E)
17
sporangium.
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Answer:
17
C
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Topic:
17
17.10
17
Skill:
17
Factual Recall