Anatomy Benchmark 2
1) Interest in the study of the human body was first stimulated in human beings by
A)the need to stay healthy
B)to help women in childbirth
C)a concern with illness and injury
D)dissatisfaction with supernatural explanations of death
2) In the human body, the most complex level of organization is the
A)cell
B)tissue
C)organ
D)organ system
3) ______are described as groups or layers of cells that have common functions.
A)Organs
B)Organisms
C)Tissues
D)Organ systems
4) The sum of all chemical reactions in the body is called
A)digestion
B)metabolism
C)assimilation
D)growth
5) The self-initiated change in an organism's position or travel from one place to another is
A)responsiveness
B)absorption
C)circulation
D)movement
6) Absorption occurs when
A)nutrients move from the digestive tract into the bloodstream
B)energy is released from food
C)nutrients are used to make new chemical substances
D)blood is pumped by the heart to supply the muscles with oxygen
7) Removal of products not needed by the body is known as
A)digestion
B)absorption
C)assimilation
D)excretion
8) The most abundant chemical in the body is
A)water
B)oxygen
C)glucose
D)carbon dioxide
9) The rate at which chemical reactions take place in the body is controlled by
A)oxygen
B)pressure
C)heat
D)available food
10) If effectors that regulate body temperature do not function correctly, which of the following will not occur?
A)skin sensors detect a change in body temperature
B)skin sensors report the information to the temperature regulation center
C)sweat glands increase perspiration or shivering begins
D)the brain compares actual body temperature to normal body temperature
11) In a healthy person, homeostasis means that internal body conditions
A)do not change or fluctuate
B)change around the set point
C)remain exactly at predetermined set points
D)change in response to changes in the external environment
12) Choose the best example of positive feedback.
A)When the heart rate increases during exercise.
B)Something that reinforces or strengthens the original stimulus like labor pains.
C)Mechanisms are usually of long duration.
D)The dilation of surface blood vessels when a person exercises on a hot day.
13) In maintaining homeostasis, the feedback to the control center is triggered by
A)changes away from the set point
B)the need to change the set point to accommodate to the new condition
C)immediately life threatening conditions
D)changes in the external environment
14) Which of the following is not a part of the integumentary system?
A)hair
B)mediastinum
C)skin
D)sweat gland
15) The system that is mostly known for excretion is the
A)digestive system
B)urinary system
C)nervous system
D)endocrine system
16) The spleen is located in the
A)abdominal cavity
B)pelvic cavity
C)mediastinum
D)thoracic cavity
17) The brachial region is found on the
A)face
B)neck
C)arm
D)leg
18) To what part of the bone do tendons and ligaments attach?
A)bursae
B)endosteum
C)cartilage
D)periosteum
19) Osteocytes within compact bone tissue are located in very small bony chambers called
A)osteons
B)lacunae
C)trabeculae
D)sinuses
20) During childhood and adolescence, bone grows in length due to dividing cells in the
A)diaphysis
B)bone marrow
C)epiphyseal plate
D)periosteum
21) When a bone is fractured, a hematoma is formed from blood escaping from vessels in the
A)periosteum and blood vessels within the bone
B)bone marrow
C)vessels in the osteons
D)surrounding soft tissue
22) Which of the following is not a function of bone?
A)storage of inorganic salts
B)provide shape, support, and protection to body structures
C)contain the structures that produce red blood cells
D)produce vitamin D cofactors
23) In the human embryo, blood cells are originally formed in the
A)placenta
B)yolk sac
C)red marrow of long bones
D)liver and spleen
24) In an adult, red marrow is not found in the
A)diaphysis of the femur
B)frontal and parietal bones
C)ribs
D)pelvic bones
25) Calcium is stored in
A)bone's extracellular matrix
B)osteocytes
C)marrow
D)Haversian canals
26) Which of the following elements is not normally found in bone?
A)magnesium
B)lead
C)carbonate ions
D)potassium
27) All of the following can reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis except
A)performing weight-bearing exercise on a regular basis
B)avoiding medications containing bisphosphonates
C)consuming adequate daily amounts of calcium and vitamin D
D)avoiding smoking
28) The finger and toe bones are called
A)tarsals
B)carpals
C)patellae
D)phalanges
29) The fontanels of the infant skull mainly permit
A)rapid growth of the brain
B)molding of the head to fit through the birth canal
C)easier transfer of heat
D)equalization of pressure within the infant skull
30) Which of the following is(are) not considered a part of the thoracic cage?
A)clavicles
B)false ribs
C)floating ribs
D)sternum
31) Where in the femur do most hip fractures in the elderly occur?
A)greatertrochanter
B)neck of the femur
C)lateralepicondyle
D)head of the femur
32) The lateral malleolus is a process on the
A)tibia
B)calcaneus
C)fibula
D)talus
33) Which bone forms the heel of the foot?
A)talus
B)phalanges
C)calcaneus
D)metatarsal
34) Bending a joint so that the angle between the bones decreases is
A)extension
B)flexion
C)dorsiflexion
D)rotation
35) The shape of cells in the body vary based on their
A)maturity
B)function
C)location of reproduction
D)ability to reproduce
36) The organelles are found in the
A)cytoplasm of the cell
B)nucleus of the cell
C)cell membrane
D)cytoplasm and nucleus
37) Interconnecting flattened sacs and elongated canals that may contain ribosomes are part of the
A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)Golgi apparatus
C)mitochondria
D)lysosomes
38) Energy released from glucose and other nutrients is made useful to cells by the
A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)Golgi apparatus
C)mitochondria
D)lysosomes
39) The "garbage disposals of the cell" are the
A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)centrosomes
C)peroxisomes
D)lysosomes
40) Which of the following will most likely not reach equilibrium?
A)diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)active transport
D)all will reach equilibrium
41) Which term best describes the function of vesicles?
A)protein synthesis
B)energy production
C)transport
D)secretion
42) Thin, threadlike processes within the cytoplasm that function in various kinds of cell movement are
A)microfilaments and microtubules
B)cilia and flagella
C)centrioles
D)vesicles
43) The nucleolus is a small, dense body composed mainly of
A)RNA and protein
B)DNA
C)invaginated cytoplasm
D)chromatin
44) Chromatin fibers coil into rod-like structures known as
A)ribosomes
B)lysosomes
C)chromosomes
D)DNA
45) The mechanism in which molecules or ions spread from higher concentration to lower concentration is
A)filtration
B)osmosis
C)exocytosis
D)diffusion
46) Which of the following substances can diffuse readily through the cell membrane?
A)sodium
B)carbon dioxide
C)glucose
D)amino acids
47) Molecules that are too large to pass through the membrane pores enter the cell using
A)active transport
B)filtration
C)endocytosis
D)facilitated diffusion
48) The substance that moves through the cell membrane during osmosis is
A)glucose
B)water
C)sodium
D)oxygen
49) Osmosis is a special case of
A)filtration
B)diffusion
C)facilitated transport
D)pinocytosis
50) When fluid is forced through a membrane by hydrostatic or blood pressure, the mechanism is called
A)filtration
B)facilitated diffusion
C)controlled by electrically gated channels
D)hormone mediated