Biochem Unit Review Game
¨ What is the atomic mass of bromine and how is it determined?
o 79.904 amu, determined by number of protons + neutrons of most common (or avg) isotope
¨ What element is symbolized with the letter N?
o Nitrogen
¨ How many electrons are in the valence electron shell of Carbon?
o 4
¨ What 4 elements make-up the vast majority of living things on Earth?
o C, H, O, N
¨ What is the name for an atom that has gained or lost an electron?
o ion
¨ What is an isotope?
o An element with more/less neutrons than average
¨ What is done with electrons in a covalent bond?
o They are shared
¨ What is done with electrons in an ionic bond?
o They are given and taken
¨ Give an example of a compound bonded covalently.
o Various answers accepted
¨ Give an example of a compound bonded ionically.
o Various
¨ What is a hydrogen bond?
o Weak attraction between partial positives and negatives in a group of polar-covalently bonded molecules (water most common)
¨ What part of a water molecule has a partial positive charge and what part has a partial negative charge?
o + Hydrogen, - Oxygen
¨ Name 3 unique water properties that affect living things.
o High specific heat, cohesion, adhesion, high density at 4C, good solvent, high surface tension
¨ What property of water assists humans in cooling down with sweat?
o It’s high specific heat
¨ What is the difference between an organic and an inorganic compound?
o Organic are assembled by living things, inorganic are not
¨ What part(s) of an organic molecule gives the molecule its unique properties?
o Functional groups
¨ What functional group is made up of COOH?
o Carboxyl group
¨ What elements are in the functional group known as an amine group?
o N, and H (2)
¨ What functional group is made of 1 Phosphorus and 4 Oxygen?
o Phosphate
¨ Team that can draw a ribose molecule correctly and most quickly wins.
¨ Team that can draw a glucose molecule correctly and most quickly wins.
¨ What is the most common function of a carbohydrate?
o Stored energy
¨ What is the base unit of a carbohydrate?
o Monosaccharide
¨ What is the name for a molecule made of more than two monosaccharides put together?
o Polysaccharide
¨ What type of reaction is used to join monosaccharides and what does it mean?
o Condensation reaction (water released)
¨ What type of reaction is used to break apart disaccharides?
o Hydrolysis (water used)
¨ Starch, cellulose and glycogen are all examples of what?
o Polysaccharides
¨ Glucose, fructose and lactose are all examples of what?
o Monosaccharides
¨ Maltose, sucrose, and galactose are all examples of what?
o Disaccharides
¨ In what way is cellulose used by living things?
o Used in plant cell walls
¨ In what food might one be most likely to find fructose?
o Fruits
¨ Describe the structural difference between a triglyceride and a phospholipid.
o Remove one fatty-acid chain from a triglyceride and add a phosphate to get a phospholipid
¨ What is the backbone of a triglyceride?
o Glycerol
¨ In what way is a phospholipid used by a living organism?
o Cell membranes
¨ Name one example of a common steroid made by organisms.
o Cholesterol, testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, etc…
¨ How could one recognize a steroid from other lipids?
o It has a unique 4-carbon-ring structure
¨ First team that can produce an accurate drawing of an RNA nucleotide wins.
¨ How can you tell a purine from a pyrimadine?
o Purines are large (2-ring) and pyrimadines small (1-ring)
¨ How is DNA different from RNA?
o Deoxyribose sugar vs. ribose, thymine vs. uracil
¨ What bases in DNA are complementary?
o A-T, C-G
¨ What bond connects one base to it’s complementary base?
o Hydrogen bond
¨ First team to accurately draw a basic amino acid wins
¨ How many R groups are available to amino acids on Earth?
o 20
¨ How are nucleic acids related to amino acids?
o Nucleic acid codons (3-letter combos) designate specific amino acids
¨ How is one protein really different from another?
o Their sequence of amino acids (which dictates their shape)
¨ What type of bond is formed between two amino acids?
o Peptide bond
¨ What kind of reaction takes place in a peptide bond formation?
o Condensation (water given off)
¨ Describe what happens at each stage of polypeptide modification to make a working protein.
o 1 = sequence, 2 = shape change (alpha helix, beta sheets), 3 = 3 dimensional shape changes/contortions (due to R group interactions) and 4 = combine with other polypeptides
¨ Name and give an example of 2 types of proteins.
o Various (structural, enzymatic, transport, defensive, etc…)
¨ How are fibrous proteins different from globular proteins?
o Fibrous = long, globular = dense
¨ Hemoglobin and immunoglobulins are examples of what kind of protein?
o Globular
¨ How does an enzyme work?
o A biological catalyst, lowers activation energy to make a reaction more probable/faster
¨ How does pH affect enzyme action in catalase?
o Most effective near neutral, drops off in acidic/alkaline environments
¨ How does temperature affect enzyme action in catalase?
o Most effective near 37-40 C, drops off in hot/cold env.
¨ What is enzyme-substrate specificity?
o One enzyme fits w/ one type of substrate (lock and key)
¨ What is denaturation of an enzyme?
o Rendering it ineffective (unfolding)
¨ What is an active site on an enzyme?
o Where the substrate fits
¨ What is an allosteric site on an enzyme?
o Non-active site where cofactors, coenzymes and non-competitive inhibitors can bind
¨ What are 2 types of metabolic pathways that use enzymes?
o Chains, and cycles
¨ Describe feedback or end-product inhibition.
o The product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the production of more of that product by affecting the pathway enzymes
¨ How is lactose-free milk produced?
o With lactase enzyme (produced commercially by bacteria)
¨ Describe induced-fit.
o Enzyme only has the right shape for substrate when substrate binds.