Practice Exam 1
Endocrine and Digestive Systems
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Chelsea P
Course: / AnS 214
Instructor: / Dr. Koltes
Date: / 9/13/17
  1. The posterior pituitary stores and releases two hypothalamic hormones and they are?
  2. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  3. Oxytocin and growth hormone (GH)
  4. GH and ADH
  5. GH and prolactin (PRL)
  1. The ability for a hormone to illicit a response on a cell requires the right:
  2. Plasma membrane
  3. Nucleus
  4. Receptor
  5. Cytoplasm
  1. Thyroid hormone (TH) includes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which is more active?
  2. T3
  3. T4
  1. The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by:
  2. TH
  3. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  4. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  5. ADH
  1. ______decreases blood calcium levels and ______increases blood calcium levels.
  2. Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin
  3. Calcitonin, PTH
  4. GH, PRL
  5. PRL, GH
  1. The pancreas produces what two hormone that help regulate blood glucose levels?
  2. Insulin and GH
  3. GH and PRL
  4. Insulin and glucagon
  5. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  1. The metabolic rate of most body tissues is controlled directly by:
  2. TH
  3. FSH
  4. TSH
  5. ADH
  1. ______is a deficiency of blood calcium, and ______is a excess of blood calcium.
  2. Hypercalcemia, Hypocalcemia
  3. Hypercalcemia, Hypercalcemia
  4. Hypocalcemia, Hypercalcemia
  5. Hypocalcemia, Hypocalcemia
  1. The secretion of parathyroid hormone is a good example of:
  2. Hormonal stimuli
  3. Humoral stimuli
  4. Hypothalamic stimuli
  5. Neural stimuli
  1. The stimulus for producing insulin is:
  2. High blood glucose concentration.
  3. Low blood glucose concentration.
  4. Low glycogen concentration.
  5. Low blood amino acid concentration.
  1. The transcription of new messenger RNA is a function of:
  2. Amino acid-based hormones.
  3. Catecholamines.
  4. Steroid hormones.
  5. Pituitary gland hormones.
  1. Which of the following elements is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormone?
  2. Copper
  3. Sulfur
  4. Iron
  5. Iodine
  1. Which of the following is the property in which a hormone CANNOT exhibit its full effect without another hormone?
  2. Assertiveness
  3. Synergism
  4. Permissiveness
  5. Antagonism
  1. Endocrine glands:
  2. Have ducts.
  3. Have no ducts
  4. Have extracellular effects
  1. Steroid hormones and TH circulate in the blood bound to ______while all other hormones circulate freely.
  1. Chylomicrons
  2. Micelles
  3. Plasma proteins
  4. Receptors
  1. You eat a donut for breakfast and your glucose levels become elevated. The GLUT 2 receptor in your pancreas detects these high amounts of glucose and as a result insulin is released to bring your glucose levels back to a normal range. What type of FEEDBACK LOOP is being described here? Stimuli?
  1. Negative, hormonal
  2. Positive, humoral
  3. Negative, humoral
  4. Positive, neural
  1. A litter of piglets suckling on a sow’s teats results in continued milk release. What FEEDBACK LOOP is being described here? Stimuli?
  1. Positive, neural
  2. Negative, neural
  3. Negative, humoral
  4. Positive, hormonal
  1. Your dairy cow is exhibiting signs of milk fever. She is experiencing a loss of calcium in her blood, which stimulates her parathyroid glands to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH release results in rising levels of her blood calcium. What type of stimuli is being described here?
  1. Hormonal
  2. Neural
  3. Humoral
  1. A bear runs into the classroom triggering your flight or fight response causing your anterior pituitary to release high levels of adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) hormone. What type of stimuli is being described here?
  1. Neural
  2. Hormonal
  3. Humoral
  1. The hypothalamus produces a hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (TSH), which then causes the thyroid to produce hormones T3 and T4. What type of stimuli is being described here?
  1. Humoral
  2. Hormonal
  3. Neural
  1. All of the following are symptoms of diabetes mellitus EXCEPT
  1. Polyuria
  2. Polyphagia
  3. Polyploidy
  4. Polydipsia
  1. The effectiveness of a hormone depends on what?
  1. Concentration of hormone
  2. Number of receptors
  3. Affinity between hormone and receptor
  4. All of the above
  1. Which of the following is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?
  2. Salivary glands
  3. Teeth
  4. Tongue
  5. Intestines-alimentary canal
  1. The major site for nutrient absorption is the _____.
  2. Mouth-carbohydrate digestion
  3. Small intestine
  4. Large intestine-water
  5. Stomach-produced HCl, mechanical, chemical, enzymatic
  1. Saliva contains enzymes that break down proteins.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. Which of the following is not a function of the stomach?
  2. The stomach mechanically digests food.
  3. The stomach chemically digests carbohydrates.-occurs in mouth
  4. The stomach serves as a temporary holding area for ingested food.
  5. The stomach produces intrinsic factor.
  1. The phases of gastric secretion from first to last are:
  2. Gastric phase, cephalic phase, intestinal phase.
  3. Intestinal phase, gastric phase cephalic phase.
  4. Cephalic phase (brain), gastric phase (stomach), intestinal phase (intestines)
  5. Cephalic phase, intestinal phase, gastric phase.
  1. The ______is the first segment of the small intestine.
  2. Ileum
  3. Duodenum
  4. Ilium
  5. Jejunum
  1. Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the ______of the small intestine.
  2. Villi
  3. Microvilli
  4. Circular folds
  5. Goblet cells-mucus production
  1. Bile is stored and concentrated in the ______.
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Stomach
  4. Liver-produces bile
  5. Pancreas
  1. ______is not found in pancreatic secretions.
  2. Bicarbonate-blood
  3. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  4. Procarboxypeptidase
  5. Chymotrypsinogen
  1. Pepsin enzymatically digests _____.
  2. Fat-lingual lipase (inactive in the mouth, needs acidic (low pH) environment of the stomach to become active pancreatic lipase
  3. Protein
  4. Carbohydrate-salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase
  5. Nucleic acids
  1. In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the:
  2. Duodenum
  3. Pancreas
  4. Stomach
  5. Gallbladder
  1. During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation:
  2. Hormones reduce chief cell activity.
  3. Secretin causes more HCl release.
  4. The gastroeneteric reflex reduces stomach activity.
  5. The stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited.
  1. What is the main organic molecule digested in the stomach?
  2. Proteins
  3. Lipids
  4. Carbohydrates
  5. Nucleic acids
  1. The propulsive function that occurs in the esophagus is called:
  2. Segmentation
  3. Peristalsis
  4. Ingestion
  5. Swallowing
  1. Which regulatory chemical (AKA HORMONES) stimulates gastric gland activity and motility?
  2. Gastrin
  3. Secretin
  4. Histamine
  5. CCK
  1. What would be the effect of stripping the small intestines of their villi?
  2. Greater absorption of nutrients would occur.
  3. Decreased surface area for absorption.
  4. A duodenal ulcer
  5. The large intestine would take over as the primary absorptive site.
  1. Which of the following products does the stomach produce?
  2. Bile and trypsin
  3. HCl and intrinsic factor
  4. Pepsinogen and secretin
  5. Mucous and amylase
  1. The final product of carbohydrate digestion is:
  2. Glycogen
  3. Polysaccharides
  4. Monosaccharides
  5. Disaccharides
  1. Which of the following cells produce HCl?
  2. Parietal cells
  3. G cells
  4. Chief cells
  5. Enteroendocrine cells
  1. Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen?
  2. G cells
  3. Enteroendocrine cells
  4. Parietal cells
  5. Chief cells
  1. Sympathetic stimulation speeds up digestive function.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. The ______phase of gastric secretion is considered a conditioned reflex.
  2. Intestinal
  3. Cephalic
  4. Esophageal
  5. Gastric
  1. The arrival of chyme containing a mixture of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into the duodenum over a period of time would cause:
  2. an increase in secretin release from the duodenum.
  3. diminished gallbladder contractions.
  4. a decrease in bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas.
  5. a parasympathetic reflex which would promote gastric contractions.
  1. Trypsinogen is activated to trypsin by this brush border enzyme:
  2. Maltase
  3. Enterokinase
  4. Aminopeptidase
  5. Procarboxypeptidase
  1. This nerve is said to drive digestive function:
  2. Vagus
  3. Enteric
  4. Gastric
  5. Duodenal
  1. The functions of the liver include all of the following EXCEPT:
  2. produce bile.
  3. storing glucose as glycogen.
  4. producing vitamins A, C and K.
  5. degrading toxins and drugs from the blood.
  1. Parasympathetic stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract will maintain normal peristalsis and gastric secretions.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. Monogastric salivary glands produce all of the following EXCEPT:
  2. mucin
  3. salivary pepsin
  4. saliva
  5. Bicarbonate
  6. salivary amylase
  1. All of the following are functions of cholecystokinin (CCK) EXCEPT:
  2. stimulates gallbladder contraction
  3. promotes secretion of pancreatic enzymes
  4. increases gastric HCl production
  5. induces the movement of bile into common bile duct
  6. causeshepatopancreatic sphincter to relax
  1. Which of the following utilizes mechanical digestion?
  2. salivary glands
  3. liver
  4. pancreas
  5. stomach
  1. When the salivatory nuclei in the brainstem receive neural input from touch and taste receptors in the mouth, salivation is increased.
  2. True
  3. False
  1. Parietal cells use the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to cleave H+ ions from carbonic acid.
  2. True
  3. False