margins left and right 1"
headers on each section
numbered consecutively with no section breaks
Table of contents has 3 levels
Font is Courier point 12
all unit display menus should be protected to follow on the same page together.
Page 10, system set up bottom of the page Paper has to have the angle drawn in
ZELTEX-440
USER'S MANUAL
Version 1.2
Zeltex, Inc.
130 Western Maryland Parkway
Hagerstown, MD 21740 USA
Phone: 301-791-7080 or
800-732-1950
FAX: 301-733-9398
© 2001, Zeltex, Inc.
This manual may not be reproduced or copied by any means without specific written permission of Zeltex, Inc.
ZELTEX-440 MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...... 1
1.1 DESCRIPTION...... 1
1.2 BACKGROUND...... 1
1.3 MAJOR COMPONENTS...... 5
1.4 UNPACKING...... 5
1.5 SYSTEM SET-UP...... 10
BASIC OPERATION...... 14
2.1 TURN THE POWER SWITCH ON...... 14
2.2 ZELTEX-440 MODES OF OPERATION...... 14
FIELD SETTINGS...... 15
3.1 INTRODUCTION...... 15
3.2 PASSWORD...... 15
3.3 THE FIELD SETTINGS...... 16
1. CONFIGURATION...... 19
2. PERIPHERALS...... 24
3. PRODUCTS...... 26
4. CONSTITUENTS...... 27
5. CHANGE PASSWORD...... 31
6. MATH TERMS...... 32
7. THE MEMORY CARD...... 42
8. CALIBRATION...... 43
9. ADJUSTMENT...... 46
TEST MODE...... 52
4.1 INTRODUCTION...... 52
4.2 SAMPLE "TEST" MEASUREMENT...... 52
TROUBLE-SHOOTING...... 55
CALIBRATION OR RESEARCH PROTOCOL...... 59
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION...... 64
APPENDIX III...... 66
WARNING
THE ZX440 PORTABLE FUEL ANALYZERS ARE NOT EXPLOSION PROOF.
REASONABLE CARE MUST BE USED IN HANDLING THESE INSTRUMENTS.
ALL SAMPLES NEED TO BE ENCLOSED IN SAMPLE HOLDERS FOR SAFETY.
JAR PROCEDURE FOR PROPER READINGS
•Clean jars inside and out with alcohol or soap and water. Dry thoroughly before use. Note that acetone may be used, but avoid getting acetone on jar label.
•Check to assure jar label is not peeling or torn. (Replacement labels are available.
•Make sure inside of sample chamber is clean. Use a small amount of alcohol or soapy water on a paper towel or cotton swab. Do not use acetone in the chamber. After cleaning, use talcum powder to lightly dust inside chamber, removing any excess powder. This will make it easier to set the jar all the way down in the chamber and to turn it for the second reading.
•Be sure that the windows in the chamber are clean and free of obstructions.
CAUTIONS:
•Never use jars without lids.
•Never pour gasoline into jar while jar is in sample chamber.
•Always fill jar to the fill line.
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
Section I Introduction
______
1.1DESCRIPTION
The ZELTEX-440 Near-Infrared (NIR) Petroleum Analyzer is a laboratory instrument intended for use in monitoring and research of petroleum products and other homogeneous liquids. Once calibrated for a specific product, the ZELTEX-440 will provide quick, accurate analysis of the constituents of interest in your product.
1.2BACKGROUND
The ZELTEX-440 employs near-infrared quantitative analysis, a technology first developed by the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.1,2
Near-infrared quantitative analysis uses low level electromagnetic radiation in the 604nm to 1050nm wavelength range. The light waves are in the non-ionizing range and are, therefore, non-damaging to the product. (In the ZELTEX-440, the intensity of the light is equivalent to a 60 watt light bulb approximately 20 feet away.
Near-infrared absorption can be analyzed by measuring the light that is reflected from (a substance) or transmitted through a substance. Near-infrared measures "light interactance" which is a combination of the reflected and transmitted light.
Infrared light interactance analysis was developed at the U.S. Department of Agriculture.3,4,5Near-infrared quantitative measurement is an established method of determining chemical composition. The agricultural community has used near-infrared technology since the early 1970s to analyze forage and food products.6,7 Quantitative near-infrared instruments provide rapid, accurate measurement of nutritional constituents. NIR technology now is widely used in quality control functions in the food and grain industries.
Chemical constituents such as protein, oil/fat, octane, Cetane, etc. can be measured due to their characteristic absorption bands that are related to the stretching and bending of hydrogen bonds associated with nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Figure 1.1 illustrates some of these absorption bands and Table 1 lists the absorption peaks.
The amount of light that is absorbed is influenced by the path length (l) of the irradiating energy through the sample, the molar concentration of the substance (c), and the molar absorption coefficient (also called molar extinction coefficient) (k). The relationship of these parameters is expressed in the Beer/Lambert Law:8
I = Io10-kcl
or
I = log10(Io/I) = kcl
I is equal to the intensity of energy emerging from the sample and Io is the intensity of energy that is projected into the sample. Absorption data are generally reported as absorbance, A, (log Io/I). The amount of absorption can be described in terms of transmittance (T):
T = I/Io, thus A = log10(1/T) = kcl
If one is measuring reflectance (R), Beer's law can be expressed as follows:
A = log10 (1/R) = kcl
Likewise with interactance (I):
A = log10 (1/I) = kcl
As a substance absorbs more light, the intensity of energy emerging from the sample decreases, thus, the value for log10(1/T) increases. The more opaque the sample, the more light it will absorb yielding a higher value for log10(1/T). Likewise, the more transparent a sample the less light it will absorb, thus yielding a lower value for log9(1/T).
WAVELENGTH GRAPH HERE
IDENTIFICATION OF WAVELENGTHS OF NEAR-INFRARED ABSORBERS
Instrumentation Research Laboratory
BARC, USDA, Beltsville, MD
PROTEINSTARCHOILWATERCELLULOSESUGAR
874* 878* 891* 834* 860 838
909** 901* 913 938 906* 888
979 918* 931* 958** 920* 913
1018** 979*** 965 978 978*** 978*
1051*1030 979 986 10681005
1143**1063 998 994 11601380*
1171*10681018*1010 1190*1437*
1167***10881054*1030 1220*1687
1240*11601161**1099 1275*2080***
1276*11981168*1153* 1363**2202
1357*12541212**1409** 1425**?2275*
1365*1360*13601460** 1460**2320*
1385*1430***?1387***1780* 1520
1422*1160*1410*1910** 1585*
1458*1700**14332305 1702**
1485***1745*1703**2345 1825**
1570*1780*1722***2510** 2060*
1690***1825*1760** 2079**
1735*1928***?1820 2103**
17572100***1900 2145*
192821801930 2172
1972***22002005 2268***
2055***2282***2120* 2336**
21402320**2142** 2355**
2162**23702179* 2370
2182*2445*2265* 2390
2203*2485**2306*** 2410
2265**2540*2342*** 2445
2300**2380* 2480***
2345**2460* 2530
23902480 2560
2420*2515 2582*
2462**2535
2520
2545
2560
NOTES:
"?" These may be water bands. All wavelengths are in nm. Asterisks indicate relative strength with *** for strongest band. The wavelengths are determined from second derivative log (1/T) spectra for oil, water, and sugar, and log (1/R) spectra for protein, starch, and cellulose. The data is recorded with a spectral bandpass of 7 nm and 1st and 2nd derivatives computed with a spacing of 10 nm between points. The sugar spectra were obtained by subtracting the water from a 50% sugar-water solution.
TABLE I-1
1.3MAJOR COMPONENTS
Zeltex recommends you review the following diagrams
(Figures 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4) to become familiar with the ZELTEX-440 major components.
1.4UNPACKING
1.Shipping Damage
The ZELTEX-440 is shipped in a carton designed to protect the instrument during transit. Unusually rough handling or storage outside in inclement weather could damage the carton and/or the ZELTEX-440.
Prior to unpacking, visually inspect the carton. If shipping damage has occurred, a claim should be immediately made with the shipping company (e.g. UPS).
2.Carton Contents:
oOne - ZELTEX-440 Near Infrared Spectrum Composition Analyzer
oOne - AC Line Cable
oOne - 1 Amp, Slo-Blow fuse
oFour - Rolls Thermal Printer Paper (spares)
oOne - RS-232 Computer Cable
oOne - ZX-440 User's Manual
oOne - Calibration Number Manual
oOne – Calibration Software for Windows Manual
oAll optional accessories are listed on the Accessory sheet.
Section I Introduction
______
Front View
Keypad
Section I Introduction
Side View
REAR VIEW
1.5SYSTEM SET-UP
1.To install the ZELTEX-440 NIR Spectrum Composition Analyzer
oPlace the ZELTEX-440 on a sturdy table
oPlace the supplied line cord into the universal socket that is built into the back of the ZELTEX-440 (refer to Figure 1.3).
oThe ZELTEX-440 must be properly grounded.
If the AC wall outlet has a true ground terminal then the ZELTEX-440 will be grounded. If the AC outlet is not firmly traceable to the earth, then a separate ground must be installed in order for the ZELTEX-440 to perform properly.
oAvoid electrical noise
Electrical machinery may cause "noise" on an AC power line. Although the ZELTEX-440 has been designed to be relatively immune to such electrical noise, instrumentation or generators being cycled on and off may interfere with the ZELTEX-440 performance.
In facilities with unusually poor power regulation, an external power supply regulator or line filter should be used.
2.Install the Printer Paper
The built-in Seiko printer is a thermal printer, using no ink or ribbon, but does require thermal paper.
To install the printer paper:
Step 1)Cut the ends of the paper off at an angle
Figure 1.5
Step 2)Remove the Paper Face Plate.
Step 3)Outside of roll is the thermally sensitive side. Begin to feed the paper (thermally sensitive side down) into the slit inside the Paper Roll Compartment.
Step 4)Turn the PAPER FEED which is on the left side of the printer to move the end of the paper through the printer.
Step 5)Pull on the end of the paper, once the paper has fed through the printer. This insures proper paper alignment to prevent jamming.
Step 6)Replace the Paper Face Plate
4.Turn On Power Switch
The Power Switch is located on the back of the instrument (refer to Figure 1.2). Once turned on, the warm-up screen is displayed.
5.ZELTEX-440 warm-up
All optical instruments require a warm-up period to insure that the optics and electrical systems have stabilized at operating temperature.
Once turned on, the ZELTEX-440 requires approximately twenty minutes to warm-up prior to performing measurements. Warm-up progress is indicated on the display.
1.6REFERENCES
1.Conway, J.M., Norris, K.H., Bodwell, C.E., "A New Approach for the Estimation of Body Composition: Infrared Interactance." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1984: 40: 1123-1130.
2.Conway, J.M., Norris, K.H., "Non-invasive Body Composition in Humans by Near-Infrared Interactance." In: Elis K.J., Yasumura S., Morgan, W.D., Ed. In Vivo Body Composition Studies. London: Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine, 1987: 163-170.
3.Norris, K.H., "Instrumental Techniques for Measuring Quality of Agricultural Crops." In: Liebermann M. Ed. Post-Harvest Physiology and Crop Preservation. New York, NY: Plenum Publishing Corp., 1983: 471-84.
4.Norris, K.H., "Reflectance Spectroscopy." In: Whitaker, J.R., Steward, K., Modern Methods of Food Analysis. New Haven, CT: Avi Publishing Inc., 1985: 167-186.
5.Lanza, E., "Determination of Moisture, Protein, Fat, and Calories in Raw Pork and Beef by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Food Science 1983: 48: 471-74.
6.Rosenthal, R.D., "An Introduction to Near-Infrared Quantitative Analysis." Annual Meeting of the American Association of Cereal Chemists, 1977: 1-15.
7.Rosenthal, R.D., "Characteristics of Non-Destructive Near-Infrared Instruments for Grain and Food Products." Meeting at the Japan Food Science Institute, 1986.
8.Freifelder, D., Physical Chemistry, Applications to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. San Francisco, W.H. Freeman and Company. Pgs. 497-98.
9.Poole, L., Borchers, M., Some Common BASIC Programs, 2nd Edition. Berkeley, CA: Adam Osborne & Associates, Inc., Pgs. 147-150.
SECTION II
BASIC OPERATION
Section II Basic Operation
______
2.1TURN THE POWER SWITCH ON
The warm-up screen is displayed. The instrument requires approximately ten minutes to warm-up to ensure that the IRED's, filters and the silicon detector stabilized at an operating temperature. The ZELTEX440 warm-up progress is indicated on the bottom of the screen. When the warm-up message on the bottom of the screen turns off, the ZELTEX440 is ready to operate.
No ProductZELTEX 440
16 MAY 94
14:53
Warm Up \ ______
2.2ZELTEX-440 MODES OF OPERATION
The ZELTEX-440 NIR Spectrum Composition Analyzer can be operated under two different modes:
oTest Mode after calibration is complete - Is to be used to run samples and predict the analysis of the sample from calibrations that have been previously run on the instrument.
oCalibration Mode - Calibration mode is done when trying to calibrate for a new product, or expanding the calibration for an existing product.
NOTE: In calibration mode you must have an IBM or fully IBM compatible computer available to collect the optical data and run the analysis.
SECTION III
FIELD SETTINGS
Section III Field Setting
______
3.1INTRODUCTION
The ZELTEX-440 has an internal computer directed by the Field Settings Menu that allows the operator to setup the instrument for normal operations. The Field Settings selections allow the operator to configure the measurement parameters and to collect optical data from calibration samples.
3.2PASSWORD
To avoid making incorrect or accidental changes to these important parameters, the Field Settings can only be accessed if a Password is entered.
To enter into the Field Settings Menu:
Step 1)Press the MENU key.ENTER PASSWORD will appear
E n t e r P a s s w o r d789
456
123
-0.
Cap <LtRt> Del
NOTE:The password set by Zeltex at the factory is 0. The ZELTEX-440 password can be altered by the operator (see Section III, page 31.
Step 2)Enter the password by pressing the correct number sequence:
NOTE:The password will only appear as (*) on the screen, not the actual number(s) entered.Step 3)Press ENTER after the password has been entered correctly.
The Field Settings Menu will appear on the screen.
NOTE:An error in entering the password will cause the ZELTEX440 to revert to the test mode screen.3.3THE FIELD SETTINGS
The Field Settings consists of nine different menus or options:
The selections are made by pressing the number on the ZX440 corresponding to the option.
NOTE:The first 5 selections are on one page. Press a blue soft key under the next page and the remaining four selections are displayed. Press a blue soft key under the next page to return to the first selections.N o P r o d u c t
F i e l d S e t t i n g s
1 Configuration
2 Peripherals
3 Products
4 Constituents
5 Change Password
Product Next Page
N o P r o d u c t
F i e l d S e t t i n g s
6 Math Terms
7 Memory Card
8 Calibration
9 Adjustment
Product Next Page
1.Configuration - allows the operator to change the company name, time, date and screen contrast.
2.Peripherals - Toggles the print selection and serial port options off and on, sets the BAUD rate and sets the data output to be sent on the RS232 link.
3.Products - Allows the operator to name each product that will be calibrated in the instrument.
4.Constituents - Allows the operator to name each product constituent, and to select which constituents are used ("active") during measurement.
NOTE:This instrument is capable of storing 100 calibrations in a variety of ways. (i.e. 100 products, 50 products with 2 constituents per product, 25 products with 4 constituents per product, etc.)5.Change Password - Allows the operator to choose a new password.
6.Math Terms - Allows the operator to enter the type of mathematics, the calibration constants and/or wavelengths used in the calibration equation.
7.Mem Card - No longer included with the ZX440. It is only used to update the internal software of the ZX440.
8.Calibration - Allows the operator to determine if the calibration sample numbers will be incremented automatically, or through manual input and if the optical data will be printed following each calibration sample measurement. This function also determines if the screen plot mode is to be activated. This program should only be used for displaying optical data without the use of a computer.
9.Adjustment - Allows the operator to complete a slope and/or bias adjustment(s) to any calibration.
1.CONFIGURATION
Allows the operator to change
oCompany Name
oTime
oDate
oScreen Contrast
A)Company Name - This program allows the operator to change the name of the company that appears on all printer outputs.
Press 1 from the Configuration Menu
Step 1)To enter in the company name (For example: company name is (ZELTEX)
Press 1 from the Configuration Menu - the Alpha Numeric Edit Menu will appear on the screen.
* ALPHA NUMERIC EDIT MENU
C o m p a n y N a m e7 abc8 def9 ghi
4 jkl5 mno6 pqr
1 stu2 vwx3 yz*
- EDI0 ,-. %/+
Customer
Customer
CAP <Lt Rt> Del
This menu is used to:
1.Enter a company name
2.Add a product
3.Add a constituent
A.Delete the second listing if applicable. Press DEL the 4th blue soft key to delete the highlighted character.
B.Select the number on the menu that displays the number and letters that is needed to define the ZX440.
C.The selection will be displayed above the blue soft keys on the ZX440.
D.The blue soft key will be pressed to enter your selection.
E.The selected letter will then be displayed on the line above the selection line.
F.A through D will be repeated until the desired label is entered.
NOTE:The fourth soft key under DEL is used to delete a highlighted selection. The DEL, 4th soft key can be used to delete one letter or letters, +/- key will return the selection line to display DEL.Example:
Enter a Company name - Zeltex
1.Press the DEL 4th soft key until the cursor has erased the second listing of the company name.
2.Press #3 to display 3yz*.
3.Press the third soft key directly under the letter z, <enter>.
4.Press #8 to display 8def.
5.Press the third soft key directly under the letter e, <enter>.
6.Press #4 and the fourth soft key to select l, <enter>.
7.Press #1 and the third soft key to select t, <enter>.
8.Press #8 and the third soft key to select e, <enter>.
9.Press #2 and the fourth soft key to select x, <enter>.
10.Press <enter> to store the company name - Zeltex.
NOTE:The first letter of every name will be capitalized. Subsequent letters will be lower case. Subsequent letters can be capitalized (refer to example).Example to capitalize Zeltex:
1.Press <Lt, the second soft key to move the cursor to the left to highlight the first e.
2.Press Cap, the first soft key to capitalize.
3.Press Rt>, the third soft key to move the cursor to the right and highlight the 1.
4.Repeat 2 & 3 to capitalize the remainder of the letters
5.<enter> will store the Name.
B)Time - The ZELTEX-440 is equipped with an internal real time clock that keeps track of all date and time information. There may be a need to adjust the internal clock to handle changes in time zones, seasonal time changes, or minor corrections.
Step 1)To adjust the time (hours, minutes) of the internal clock:
oPress 2 from the Configuration Menu.
C h a n g e T i m e1 Hours: 09
2 Minutes: 04
Step 2)To change the hours:
opress 1 and the hour will run through a 24 hour cycle.