20/20 Stay Focused Part 2
Chapter 9 Development
1) Even though a higher percentage of GDP is spent on education in less developed countries,
A) more women than men have access to education in LDCs.
B) LDCs spend less per pupil than MDCs.
C) LDCs have smaller average class sizes than MDCs.
D) literacy rates are higher in urban areas of LDCs than in many MDCs.
E) levels of educational attainment are higher in LDCs.
2) If a country has a large number of publishers and globally esteemed universities, you might surmise that the country is most likely
A) neither an LDC nor an MDC.
B) an MDC.
C) an LDC.
D) an LDC that has some of the world's top universities.
E) an MDC that has some of the world's lowest literacy rates.
3) Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have lower
A) percentages of GDP spent on education.
B) literacy rates.
C) numbers of teachers available per pupil.
D) numbers of years attending school.
E) amounts of spending per student.
4) The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is
A) widening.
B) remaining constant.
C) decreasing.
D) zero.
E) cycling up and down.
5) The North American region has high rates of material development but troubling levels of
A) wealth.
B) inequality.
C) financial and management services.
D) spiritual development.
E) educational attainment.
6) The Gender Inequality Index (GII)
A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world.
B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country.
C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population.
D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment.
E) cannot be used as an indicator of development in the United States.
7) Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because
A) it leads to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer child laborers cannot earn enough money to pay for their rent and utilities.
B) it is associated with higher literacy rates, higher economic vitality, and lower infant mortality rates.
C) it excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a major economic asset.
D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women.
E) it does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend the schools and seek the jobs that are best suited to them.
8) In terms of the GII, most African countries have
A) rates far below the United States and Western Europe.
B) rates that exceed the United States and Western Europe owing to African investment in centers of higher learning.
C) rates that are greater than the United States but less than Europe.
D) core-periphery models.
E) weak national economies.
9) Since 1990, most countries have seen a decline in previous patterns of
A) gender inequality.
B) gender equality.
C) economic inequality.
D) gender dynamics.
E) innovative agricultural methods.
10) Since 1990, most countries have seen an increase in
A) gender equality.
B) gender inequality.
C) gender indices.
D) economic indices.
E) market forces.
11) Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality?
A) Women on average have only two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs.
B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs.
C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world.
D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa.
E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available.
12) Gender inequality is a challenge to development because
A) it leads to larger family sizes.
B) it is associated with higher literacy rates and lower infant mortality rates.
C) it excludes all women from both the formal and informal economy.
D) it greatly enhances the economic and social mobility of women.
E) men are responsible for all economic development in impoverished areas.
13) Although there are fewer developed countries in the world, altogether they consume about ______energy as LDCs.
A) twice as much total
B) the same amount of total
C) five times as much total
D) half as much nonrenewable energy but five times as much renewable
E) one-tenth as much
14) Petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia and North Africa are
A) clustered primarily in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf states.
B) dispersed throughout the region.
C) concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea.
D) primarily in Syria and Iraq.
E) clustered in fields along the western shore of the Red Sea.
15) Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily because of
A) consumer spending.
B) petroleum reserves.
C) regional cooperation.
D) traditional social customs.
E) its strategic distribution location.
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16) The United States has
A) lesser coal and natural gas reserves than China.
B) greater natural gas reserves than Russian and lesser coal reserves than China.
C) a greater concentration of coal reserves in the Gulf of Mexico.
D) more coal reserves than China or Russia.
E) less coal than any other large country.
17) The Chernobyl incident in 1986 involved
A) a nuclear explosion high in the atmosphere.
B) a nuclear missile that misfired and exploded.
C) a nuclear power accident.
D) a massive leak and fire at an oil exploration platform.
E) an explosion and fire at a natural gas field.
18) The Chernobyl incident occurred
A) in the United States.
B) in Cuba.
C) in the Soviet Union.
D) in India.
E) in China.
19) According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets?
A) abundant agricultural products
B) high quality manufactured goods
C) imports that it should limit
D) international consumer preferences
E) abundant mineral resources
20) The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is
A) increased demand for many goods.
B) increased price of petroleum.
C) regional cooperation.
D) unequal distribution of resources.
E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.
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APHGEO – Development