Adkins

BIOLOGY 2423

ARTICULATIONS/JOINTS

Out-of-Class Assignment

Use Chapter 9 and the Online “Joints/Articulations” PowerPoint Lecture to complete all 4 pages of this assignment. The assignment is the bases of a quiz that you will have on Monday, October 17, at the beginning of class. Completing this assignment, as detailed as possible, will help you answer questions on your applications checklist and questions from it will also be embedded in Exam 2.

Part A. Answer completely and correctly each of the following questions.

1. Define an articulation. What factors determine the degree of movement at joints?

2. Describe each of the following:

a) fibrous joint

b) cartilaginous joint

c) synovial joint

d) synarthrosis

e) amphiarthrosis

f) diarthrosis

3. Describe in detail the structure of a diarthrosis (freely movable joint).

4. a) What is an accessory/reinforcing ligament?

b) Describe the two principle types.

5. a) What is an articular disc?

b) Why are they important?

6. Explain how the articulating bones in a synovial joint are held together.

7. Name the bones that form the joint, identify the joint type, and list the anatomical components of the shoulder (glenohumeral), jaw (temporomandibular), ankle, hip (coxal), elbow, and knee (tibiofemoral) joints.

8. Define the following: torn cartilage, dislocation (luxation and subluxation), sprain, strain, and rotator cuff injury. Identify the most common site of each.

Part B. ARTICULATIONS Memory Matrix

Type of Articulation / Fibrous, Cartilaginous, or Synovial Joint? / Type of Movement: synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, or diarthrosis? / Example in the human body
Suture / between flat skull bones
Saddle / diarthrosis
Synchondrosis / epiphyseal plate
Pivot / synovial
Syndesmosis / amphiarthrosis
Condyloid / synovial
Gliding (Planar) / diarthrosis
Gomphosis / between tooth and jaw
Ball and Socket / hip joint
Symphysis / cartilaginous
Hinge / elbow joint
(Note: I have filled in some of the answers for you so you can see come "commonalities" among similar answers, and so you can see how one bit of information can help you recall the rest of the information.)

Part C. MOVEMENTS AT SYNOVIAL JOINTS

Type of Movement / Description of Movement / Example in the human body
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Depression
Dorsiflexion
Elevation
Eversion / Intertarsal joints
Extension
Flexion
Hyperextension
Inversion
Lateral Flexion / Intervertebral joints
Lateral Rotaion
Medial Rotaion
Plantar flexion
Pronation
Protraction
Retraction
Supination

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