TRB Abstracts 2003
Table of Contents
1. Development of an Efficient Hot Mix Asphalt Fracture Mechanics-Based Crack Growth Simulator
2. An Updated Review Of SMA And Superpave Projects
3. Analysis Of Permeability And Fluid Flow In Asphalt Mixes
4. Economic Impact of Refining The Dynamic Internal Angle Of The Superpave® Gyratory Compactor
5. Evaluation of Permeability of Superpave Asphalt Mixtures
6. An Examination of Gamma Ray Methods for Measuring Bulk Specific Gravity of Hot-Mix Asphalt Concrete
7. Investigation Of The Tender Zone In The Compaction Of Coarse-Graded Superpave Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Mixes
8. Use Of PMS Data For Performance Monitoring With Superpave As An Example
9. Workability Of Hot Mix Asphalt
10. The Effect of Volumetric Properties on Mechanical Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures
11. Georgia DOT’s Evaluation of a Remixing Paver
12. An Investigation Of Factors Influencing Permeability Of Superpave Mixes
13. Laboratory Evaluation Of The Effect Of SBS Modifier On Cracking Resistance Of Asphalt Mixture
14. Interlayer and Design Considerations to Retard Reflective Cracking
15. Precision of Shear Tests Used for Evaluating Asphalt Mixtures
16. Superpave Laboratory Compaction Versus Field Compaction
17. Application of Infrared Imaging and Ground-Penetrating Radar for Detecting Segregation in Hot-Mix Asphalt Overlays
18. Case Study: Preliminary Field Validation of Simple Performance Tests for Permanent Deformation
19. Establishing the Superpave Ndesign Compaction Matrix Using Information Collected in Northern Taiwan Area
20. New Mix-Design Procedure of Cold In-Place Recycling for Pavement Rehabilitation
21. Performance Evaluation Of Polymer Modified Superpave Mixes Using Laboratory Tests And Accelerated Pavement Load Facility
22. The Effects of HMA Mixture Characteristics on Rutting Susceptibility
23. An Evaluation Of Use Of Rapid Triaxial Test In Quality Control Of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
24. Field Evaluation of Asphalt Additives to Control Rutting and Cracking
25. Measuring And Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity (Permeability) Of Compacted Asphalt Mixtures In The Laboratory
26. Micro-Deval Testing Of Aggregates In The Southeast
27. Resilient Modulus, Tensile Strength, and Simple Shear Test to Evaluate Moisture Sensitivity and the Performance of Lime in Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures
28. Simulation of Fracture Initiation in Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures
29. Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Of Measured Tire Contact Stresses And Their Effects On Instability Rutting Of Asphalt Mixture Pavements
30. Ultrasonic Pulse Wave Velocity Test As A Tool For Monitoring Changes In Hma Mixture Integrity Due To Exposure To Moisture
31. Use Of Screenings To Produce HMA Mixtures
32. Aggregate Imaging System (AIMS) For Characterizing The Shape Of Fine And Coarse Aggregates
33. Analytical Formulas for Film Thickness in Compacted Asphalt Mixture
34. Asphalt Pavement Quality Control/Quality Assurance Programs In The United States
35. Do Asphalt Mixtures Correlate Better with Mastics or Binders in Evaluating Permanent Deformation?
36. Lessons Learned From Trucking Operations At The Ncat Pavement Test Track
37. Pavement Surface Macrotexture Measurement and Application
38. The Time-Temperature Superposition For Asphalt Mixtures With Growing Damage And Permanent Deformation In Compression
39. A Commentary on FDOT Technician Certification Program
40. Creep Compliance of Polymer Modified Asphalt, Asphalt Mastic and Hot Mix Asphalt
41. Design, Construction And Early Performance Of Foamed Asphalt Full Depth Reclaimed (FDR) Pavement In Maine
42. Development And Validation Of A Model To Predict Pavement Temperature Profile
43. Development Of A New Test Procedure For Determining The Bulk Specific Gravity Of Fine Aggregate Using Automated Methods
44. Development Of A Rational Procedure For Evaluation Of Moisture Susceptibility Of Asphalt Paving Mixes
45. Evaluation Of Infrared Ignition Furnace For Determination Of Asphalt Content
46. Evaluation Of Moisture Susceptibility Of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Bottom Ash
47. Quantitative Field Evaluation and Effectiveness of Fine Mix under HMA Base in Flexible Pavements
48. Utilizing Pavement Evaluation Data in Rehabilitation Design in MDSHA
49. Viscoelastic, Viscoplastic, and Damage Modeling of Asphalt Concrete in Unconfined Compression
50. Implementation of a New Ride Quality Specification in Maryland An Incentive Based Profile Specification
51. Laboratory Evaluation of Asphalt Rubber Mixtures Using the Dynamic Modulus (E*) Test
52. Mechanistic Evaluation Of Mineral Fillers On Fatigue Resistance And Fundamental Material Characteristics
53. Whitetopping And Hot-Mix Asphalt Overlay Treatments For Flexible Pavement: A Minnesota Case History
54. Evaluation Of Rutting Resistance Of Superpave Mixtures With And Without Sbs Modification By Means Of Accelerated Pavement Testing
55. Performance-Related Tests and Specifications for Cold In-Place Recycling: Lab and Field Experience
56. Thermal Aspect of Frost-Thaw Pavement Dimensioning: In Situ Measurement and Numerical Modeling
57. Design And Construction Of Rock Cap Roadways – A Case Study In Northeast Washington
58. Using Gyratory Compaction to Investigate Density and Mechanical Properties of RCC
59. The Change to End-Result Specifications: Where Are We Now?
60. Detection of Surface Segregation using LASER
61. Evaluation of Different Parameters for Superpave High Temperature Binder Specification Based on Rutting Performance in the Accelerated Loading Facility at FHWA
62. A Fatigue Endurance Limit for Highway and Airport Pavements
63. Ground-Penetrating Radar: What Can It Tell about the Moisture Content of the Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement?
64. Successful Application of GPR for Quality Assurance/Quality Control of New Pavements
65. Development and Implementation of a Continuous Vertical Track Support Testing Technique
66. Direct Tension Tests – a Useful Tool to Study the Low Temperature Properties of Wax – Containing Asphalt
67. Refinement Of New Generation Open-Graded Friction Course Mix Design
68. Combining Traditional and Non-Traditional NDT Techniques to Evaluate Virginia’s Interstate 81
69. Construction-Related Variability in Mat Density Due to Temperature Differentials
70. Effectiveness Of Lime In Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements
71. Eight-Year of Field Performance of A Secondary Road Incorporating Geosynthetics at The Subgrade-Base Interface
72. Expanded Asphalt Stabilization On The Trans-Canada Highway
73. A Pavement Management Perspective On Integrating Preventive Maintenance Into A Pavement Management System
74. Representative Sampling For Construction Quality Control At The 2000 Ncat Pavement Test Track
75. Field Study of the Influence of Shear Stiffness on Rutting of Asphalt Mixes
76. Traditional Fatigue Analysis of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
77. Comparison Of Non-Destructive Testing Devices To Determine In Situ Properties Of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Layers
78. Cost-Effectiveness of Joint and Crack Sealing
79. Crack Modeling Of Asphaltic Mixtures Considering Heterogeneity Of The Material
80. Development Of An Asphalt Aging Procedure To Assess Long-Term Binder Performance
81. Development Of Flexible Pavement Performance Prediction Model Based On Pavement Data
82. Effects of Environmental Factors on Pavement Performance – The Initial Evaluation of the LTPP SPS-8 Experiment
83. Fatigue Life Prediction Of Asphalt Mixes Using Viscoelastic Material Properties
84. Field Evaluation of the Stiffness of Unbound Aggregate Base Layers in Inverted Flexible Pavements
85. Laboratory Performance Testing For The NCAT Pavement Test Track
86. Paved Shoulders Adjacent to Concrete Pavements: Synthesis of Current Practices in the Midwest
87. Performance Analysis of Ultra-thin Whitetopping Intersections on US-169
88. Performance In Fatigue Cracking Of High Strength Concrete As Ultra-Thin Whitetopping
89. Performance of Flexible Pavement Maintenance Treatments in the LTPP SPS-3 Experiment
90. Physico-Chemical Characterization of Asphalt-Aggregate Interactions under the Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycles
91. Quantifying the Benefits of a Geocomposite Membrane as a Pavement Moisture Barrier Using Ground Penetrating Radar and Falling Weight Deflectometer
92. Reinforcing Benefits of Geosynthetic Materials in Asphalt Concrete Overlays using Pseudo Strain Damage Theory
93. A Simplified Overlay Design Model against Reflective Cracking Utilizing Service Life Prediction
94. A Study On Properties Of Foamed Asphalt Treated Mixes
95. A Validated Model For Predicting Field Performance Of Aggregate Base Courses
96. Defining Asphalt Binder Fatigue as a Function of Pavement Temperature and Pavement Structure
97. Variation Of Pavement Smoothness Between Adjacent Lanes: Implications For Performance Based Contracting
Development of an Efficient Hot Mix Asphalt Fracture Mechanics-Based Crack Growth Simulator
Boonchai Sangpetngam
Graduate Research Assistant
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Florida
345 Weil Hall, P. O. Box 116580
Gainesville, FL 32611-6580
Tel: (352) 392-9537
Fax: (352) 392-3394
Email:
Bjorn Birgisson
(Corresponding Author)
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering
University of Florida, 345 Weil Hall, P. O. Box 116580
Gainesville, FL 32611-6580
Tel: (352) 392-9537
Fax: (352) 392-3394
Email:
Reynaldo Roque
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Florida
345 Weil Hall, P. O. Box 116580
Gainesville, FL 32611-6580
Tel: (352) 392-9537 ext. 1458
Fax: (352) 392-3394
ABSTRACT
It has long been accepted that cracking of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements is a major mode of premature failure. Many state agencies have verified that pavement cracking not only occurred in fatigue cracking in which a crack initiates from the bottom of the asphalt layer but also in other modes such as low temperature cracking, and the more recently identified top-down cracking. Recent work at the University of Florida has led to the development of a viscoelastic fracture mechanics-based crack growth law that is capable of fully describing both initiation and propagation of cracks in asphalt mixtures. The model requires the determination of only four fundamental mixture parameters that can be obtained from less than one hour of testing using the SuperPaveIndirect Tension Test (IDT). These parameters can account for micro-damage, crack propagation, and healing for stated loading conditions, temperatures, and rest periods. This paper describes the generalization of the hot mix asphalt crack growth law needed for the successful implementation of the crack growth law into a displacement discontinuity boundary element method. The resulting hot mix asphalt boundary element approach is shown to predict the crack propagation of two coarse-graded mixtures under cyclic IDT loading conditions. Keywords: pavement cracking, viscoelastic behavior, hot mix asphalt, numerical method, displacement discontinuity method.
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An Updated Review Of SMA And Superpave Projects
Donald E. Watson, P. E.
National Center for Asphalt Technology
277 Technology Parkway
Auburn, AL 36830
Phone: (334) 844-6228
Fax: (334) 844-6248
E-Mail:
ABSTRACT
Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) and Superpave have represented relatively new mix design technologies in this country. Therefore, a condition survey was conducted of mixes that had been in service for several years in order to evaluate long-term performance of SMA and Superpave projects. This is a follow-up study to a 1995 review of SMA projects and a 1998 review of Superpave projects. Both SMA and Superpave are acknowledged to be rut-resistant mixes and this was shown to be true during this project review. However, a significant amount of cracking occurred early in the life of some of these mixtures. Overall, the SMA mixtures appeared to be more durable than the Superpave mixtures evaluated. The SMA mixtures have been in place about two and one-half years longer than the Superpave mixtures, but the overall condition is about the same. Some of the primary conclusions from the survey are as follows: 1. Both SMA and Superpave mixtures have been shown to be rut-resistant even when placed on high traffic volume facilities. 2. Much of the observed cracking, especially load cracking, appeared to be more related to problems other than mix design or material properties. 3. SMA mixtures can be expected to last longer than Superpave mixtures before reaching the same condition level.
Key Words: Stone Matrix Asphalt, Superpave, rutting, cracking
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Analysis Of Permeability And Fluid Flow In Asphalt Mixes
Eyad Masad1, Bjorn Birgisson2, Aslam Al-Omari3, and Allen Cooley4
1 Assistant Professor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Washington State University
Pullman, WA 99164-99164
Tel.: (509) 335 9147
Fax: (509) 335 7632
Email:
2 Assistant Professor
Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
Tel.: (352) 392 9537
Fax: (352) 392 3394
Email:
3 Graduate Research Assistant
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Washington State University
Pullman, WA 99164-99164
Tel.: (509) 335 0994
Fax: (509) 335 7632
Email:
4 Manager
Southeastern Superpave Center
National Center for Asphalt Technology
277 Technology Parkway
Auburn, AL 36830
Tel.: (334) 844 6248
Fax: (334) 844 6228
Email:
ABSTRACT
Permeability is an important property that influences the performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA). It is a function of compaction effort, and several properties of HMA such as asphalt content, and shape and size distribution of aggregates. Due to the different laboratory and field methods for measuring permeability, and the interaction among the factors that influence its value, it would be difficult to develop an analytical equation that accurately relates permeability to all factors contributing to HMA permeability. This paper presents a simple equation for approximating the permeability of asphalt mixes. It utilizes the percent air voids and surface area of aggregates. The equation is empirical but it is derived based n the well-known Kozeny-Carman equation or calculating the permeability of granular materials. The developed equation was used successfully to fit permeability data collected from several studies that carried field and laboratory measurements of HMA permeability. A finite element model was developed to investigate the influence of the gradient of percent air voids in HMA on water flow patterns. The X-ray computed tomography was used to measure the percent air void gradients between sublayers of the asphalt mix. The permeability of these sublayers was calculated using the developed equation, and used as an input to the finite element model.
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Economic Impact of Refining The Dynamic Internal Angle Of The Superpave® Gyratory Compactor
Dr. George K. Chang, P.E.
Project Manager
The Transtec Group, Inc., 1012 East 38 ½ Street, Austin, Texas 78751
Phone: (512) 451-6233, Fax: (512) 451-6234
Dr. Robert Otto Rasmussen, P.E.
Vice President and Chief Engineer
The Transtec Group, Inc., 1012 East 38 ½ Street, Austin, Texas 78751
Phone: (512) 451-6233, Fax: (512) 451-6234
Mr. Thomas Harman, P.E.
Asphalt Pavement Team Leader
Federal Highway Administration
Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center
6300 Georgetown Pike, HDRI-11, McLean, Virginia 22101-2296
Phone: (202) 493-3072
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the paper is to present qualitative as well quantitative comparisons of hot mix asphalt pavement performance designed on Superpave® gyratory compactors with different dynamic internal angles. The Superpave® gyratory compactor became the standard compaction instrument for HMA design in the mid-1990’s with the national adoption of the Superpave® system. Differences in compacted mixtures using Superpave® gyratory compactors from various manufacturers have become a concern of State agencies and suppliers in the asphalt industry. Through the analysis in this paper, the economic impact due to changes in the dynamic internal angles of Superpave® gyratory compactors has been shown to be significant. It has been determined that an increase in the DIA of 0.06°, from the target dynamic internal angle, results in a national increase in the life-cycle cost by as much as $2 billion annually. This economic impact justifies the need for a robust procedure to adjust and maintain dynamic internal angles of Superpave® gyratory compactors using the Federal Highway Administration Dynamic Angle Validator.