Date August 28
Parts of Speech Notes
1. Conjunction: joining word
a. Tom and Jake are friends.
2. Common noun: general noun- person, place, thing or idea (restaurant, boy)
3. Proper noun: specific noun-“” (Pizza Hut, Mark)
4. Pronoun: used in place of noun (he, it)
5. Collective noun: nouns placed in group: plural without “s” (faculty, team, group)
6. Verb: expresses act, occurrence, or mode of being and is in the predicate (run, laugh, sleep)
7. Helping verb – the verb(s) before the main verb
a. I can read.
8. Linking verb – it does not show action; it links subject to a describing word. Ex. She is nice. The flower smells pretty.
9. Adjective: describes noun (pretty, tall, weird)
10. Adverb: describes verb, adverb, adjective (very, quickly, annoyingly)
-usually uses ly-
August 29
11. Interjection- One or two words that show emotion and are not related to the rest of the sentence (they are punctuated with an exclamation point or comma)
Ex. Dang! Holy Cow! Wow!
12. Article: definite (the) specifies a specific noun or a plural noun indefinite (a/an) introduces a nonspecific noun or a singular noun
Ex. The kids laughed. A dog howled.
13. Preposition: links nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in sentence
a. A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence
i. The book is on the table.
ii. Let’s meet at Mayberry’s.
b. Preposition list – Copy 10
"about," "above," "across," "after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind," "below," "beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "by," "despite," "down," "during," "except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on," "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to," "toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up," "upon," "with," "within," and "without.
More Parts of Speech Notes
14. Coordinating conjunction: connects 2 independent clauses (FANBOYS- for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
a. She is a great cook, but her mom is better.
15. Subordinating conjunction: connects dependent clause to independent clause (since, although, because, etc.)
a. Although we played a good game, we still lost.
Students: Create a sentence using the word because and underline the independent clause in that sentence.
Next, create a sentence using “and” as a regular conjunction and one using “and” as a coordinating conjunction.
September 3
Punctuation Notes
1. Semi-colon
a. To combine 2 sentences
i. I love him; he is my world!
b. Long, difficult lists
i. I planted Oak, Maple, and Cherry trees; purple, blue, and yellow flowers; and big, medium, and short shrubs.
PUNCTUATE ME: I love Greek Italian and Mexican food sweet spicy and sour candy and buffalo barbeque and garlic wings.
PUNCTUATE ME: The two girls laughed the movie was hilarious.
2. Colon
a. Before a list
i. I played three sports: volleyball, basketball, and dance team.
b. Time
i. 10:10
c. Comma or a colon may be used before a quote
i. She said: “I love you.”
ii. She said, “I love you.”
iii. Both are correct! J
Practice
Semicolon ;
1. Chandra walked quickly to the store she didn’t want to waste any time.
2. The cat paced in front of the hole it was waiting for the mouse to exit.
Colon :
1. I like many types of candy Starburst, Twix, Skittles, and Snickers.
2. This class has a high rate of passing students 95 percent.
3. This project was the best it has fun activities and made the time go by fast.
Choose Correct Punctuation : ; ,
1. Jim’s car is brand new he just got it a week ago.
2. Many things were stolen in the burglary paintings TVs a DVD player and a safe.
September 4
Phrases and Clauses
There are 2 types of clauses: dependent and independent.
Both clauses have nouns and verbs
*Independent clauses can stand alone as full sentences.
*Dependent clauses cannot stand alone without an independent clause to help it out
Phrases- small, easy to understand, can never stand alone, have a verb or a noun
Prepositions generally introduce prepositional phrases. Prepositional phrases look like this:
Preposition + Optional modifier + Noun
Ex. The dog is in the bed.
September 5
Parallel Structure- words, phrases, and clauses need to be parallel when connected in a series or with a coordinating conjunction
Not Parallel- Joel packed sneakers, sweatpants and put in three pairs of socks.
Parallel- Joel packed sneakers, sweatpants and three pairs of socks.
Not Parallel - Mary likes hiking, biking and to go running.
Parallel- Mary likes hiking, biking and running.
Mary likes to go hiking, to go biking and to go running.
Mary likes to go hiking, biking and running.
1. Is this sentence using parallel structure?
She likes sleeping, eating, and to walk.
2. Why?
Note: It is not because to walk should be walking so it is the same form as the other words in the series.
3. Now please create a sentence using parallel structure using these words: baking, paint, and read. *You may need to switch the end of the words or add suffixes.
______
Your sentence should look something like this:
Mandy likes baking, painting, and reading.
Or
Mandy likes to bake, to paint, and to read.
Or
Mandy bakes, paints, and reads.
September 8
Direct and Indirect Objects
A direct object is a noun or pronoun that receives the action of a verb. Ask What? or Whom? about the verb
Daniel fixes computers.
What does Daniel fix? Computers
An indirect object is the noun or pronoun for which the action is done. Ask: To Whom? To What? For Whom? or For What? about the subject and verb.
There may not always be an indirect object, and it may come before or after the DO.
Daniel fixes computers for his family.
For whom does the subject, Daniel, fix computers?
Family
Locate the direct and indirect objects in ten of the following sentences. Some will not have indirect objects.
1. Aaron made cupcakes for Brandon.
2. Katie gave me her pepperoni roll recipe.
3. Colin takes the best notes!
4. Brody swam three miles.
5. The team played three great quarters.
6. Herbert gave Chris a loving hug.
7. Kaiya cut her hair.
8. Alan hid his PlayStation Three.
9. John watches television in his living room.
10. Morgan eats peas.
11. Steven fixed his mom’s computer.
12. Tyler will make us a study guide.
13. Kadin played basketball.
14. Ace played tennis for three hours.
15. Katherine will build the community a new gym.
16. Could you show Javan the school library?
17. Tanner gave me the survey data.
Grammar Study Guide
Name ______Period ______Date September 9
1. Diagram this sentence: Tommy and a good friend talked quietly about a football game.
2. Diagram this sentence: The old team was better than the new team.
3. Diagram this sentence: She was singing to a baby.
4. Diagram this sentence: I quietly sewed a blanket for the puppies.
5. Adding “ly” to the end of a word usually turns it into a(n):
6. Coordinating conjunction’s seven examples are:
7. Which punctuation mark is used before a list?
8. Which punctuation mark holds together two sentences?
9. The only definite article in the English language is
10. Which word is a collective noun?
11. What is the difference between a clause and a phrase?
12. Identify the prepositional phrase in this sentence: I met Tommy at Dixon.
13. Which sentence correctly shows parallel structure?
a. She likes eating, to bake, and write
b. She likes eating, baking, and to write.
c. She likes to eat, baking, and writing.
d. She likes eating, baking, and writing.
Label the direct and indirect objects in sentences 14-17. A couple may be tricky.
14. She gave Martin a hug.
15. I like cookies.
16. I cried.
17. She fixed the phone.
Add punctuation to sentences 18-21:
18. I love three things mashed potatoes dogs and football
19. I ran down the street zombies were following me
20. At 1230, I have practice but I don’t want to go
21. I like red blue and white fabrics pink green and yellow highlighters and red black and green markers
22. List 3 interjections.
23. Which type of conjunction connects a dependent clause to an independent clause.