US History
Fort Burrows
Review w/Answers Chapter 18
Freedmen – men and women who had been slaves
Reconstruction – rebuilding of the South after the Civil War
Ten Percent Plan – Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction that allowed a southern state
to form a new gov’t after 10% of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the US
Amnesty – government pardon
Wade-Davis Bill – 1864 plan for Reconstruction that required a majority of white
men in each southern state to swear loyalty to the Union and denied the right to
vote or hold office to anyone who had volunteered to fight for the Confederacy
Freedmen’s Bureau – US government agency founded during Reconstruction to help former slaves
Thirteenth Amendment – 1865 amendment to the US Constitution that bans
slavery throughout the nation
Fourteenth Amendment – 1868 amendment to the US Constitution that gives
citizenship to ALL persons born in the United States and guarantees equal protection of the laws
Fifteenth Amendment – 1869 amendment to the US Constitution that forbids any
state to deny African Americans the right to vote because of race
agrarian – related to farms and farming
conspirator – person who plans to commit secret or illegal acts with others
foundation – basis or groundwork upon which something else is built
ratify – to formally approve or express consent
turmoil – disturbance or complication
black codes – law passed by southern states that severely limited the rights of
African Americans after the Civil War
Radical Republicans – members of Congress during reconstruction who wanted to break the power of
the wealthy planters in the South and ensure that freedmen received the right to vote
Radical Reconstruction – 1867, period when the Republicans, who had control of both house of Congress,
took charge of Reconstruction
Reconstruction Act – 1867 law that threw out the southern states gov’t that had refused to ratify the
14thAmendment and required that former Confederate states allow African Americans to vote
impeach – to bring charges of serious wrongdoing against a public official
consent – agreement or approval
imposition – laying on something as a burden or obligation
misdemeanors – less serious criminal offenses
felony – a serious crime that can result in jail time, extended jail time, or death penalty
moderate – keeping within reasonable limits
scalawag – white southerner who supported the republicans during reconstruction
carpetbagger – uncomplimentary nickname for a northerner who went to the South after the Civil War
Conservatives – during Reconstruction, white southerners who resisted change
Ku Klux Klan – secret society organized I the South after the Civil War to reassert
white supremacy by means of violence
sharecropper – person who rents a plot of land from another person and farms it
in exchange for a share of the crop
regenerative – having the effect of making something develop or grow strong again
corruption – guilty of dishonest practices
discontent – a restless desire
dominate – to control, rule, or govern
influence – ability to sway or affect action
plague – to trouble, annoy, or torment
poll tax – tax required before a person can vote
literacy test – examination to see if a person can read and write;used in the past to restrict voting rights
grandfather clause – law that excused a voter from a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been
eligible to vote on January 1, 1867; protected the southern whites but not the southern blacks
segregation – legal separation of races
Jim Crow laws – laws that separated people of different races in public places in the south
Plessy v. Ferguson – 1896 Supreme Court case which ruled that segregation in
public facilities was legal as long as the facilities were equal
“New South” – term used to describe the South in the late 1800s when efforts were
made to expand the economy by building up industry
manipulate – to control or use something in a skillful way
abundant – more than enough
dispute – argue against
revolutionize – to create a radical change
Know 1 – 19 Amendments
AMENDMENT I -freedom of speech, religion, press, the right to peaceably to assemble,
and to petition the Government
AMENDMENT II - right of the people to keep and bear Arms
AMENDMENT III - Lodging troops in Private Homes
AMENDMENT IV - against unreasonable searches and seizures; proper warrants
AMENDMENT V - Criminal Proceeding, Due Process, Eminent Domain;
AMENDMENT VI - right to a speedy and public trial
AMENDMENT VII - right of trial by jury
AMENDMENT VIII - Excessive bail shall not be required, OR cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.
AMENDMENT IX - The enumeration {list} in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to
deny or disparage {belittle} other rights, retained by the people.
AMENDMENT X - Powers Reserved to the States
AMENDMENT XI - A private citizen from one state cannot sue the government of another state in
Federal Court. They can sue their state government.
AMENDMENT XII - Superseded by section 3 of the 20th amendment.
AMENDMENT XIII - abolish slavery in US
AMENDMENT XIV - All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens of the
United States and of the State wherein they reside.
AMENDMENT XV - The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be
denied on account of race, color
AMENDMENT XVI - Income Taxes
AMENDMENT XVII - Election of Senators
AMENDMENT XVIII - Repealed by amendment 21.
Prohibitedthe manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors
AMENDMENT XIX - Woman’s right to vote 1920
Explain the Dawes Act…
1887, Congress passed the Dawes Act, Senator Henry Dawes of Massachusetts. The law allowed for the President to break up reservation land, which was held in common by the members of a tribe, into small allotments to be parceled out to individuals. Native Americans registered on a tribal "roll" were granted allotments of reservation land. Creating - Indian individual ownership of land
1. Why did northerners travel south after the war ?
to be plantation owners
2. List reasons why the South economy declined during the Civil War ?
1. the value of the Confederate dollar suffered a major decrease
2. loss of property, animals, bridges, railroads
3. Britain (or any of Europe ) would not buy cotton
3. How did Southern states try to prevent blacks from voting ?
a poll tax was created which required voters to pay a fee before voting
4. Explain the meaning of Nativism ?
favors the interest of certain established inhabitants of an area or nation as compared to newcomers or immigrants
5. What government agency was created before the war ended to help former slaves ?
Freedmen’s Bureau
6. The Wade-Davis Bill served as an alternative to what previous plan for Reconstruction ?
the Ten Percent Plan, which was proposed by President Lincoln
7. What was Congresses reaction when the south’s passed the Black Codes ?
they were angered about it
8. How would Reconstructionbeen affected, if the Democrats would have had power ?
it made Reconstruction harder to accomplish
9. Why was there such importance in the Hayes-Tilden presidential election of 1876 ?
Hayes, who opposed Reconstruction, was elected, and officially ended Reconstruction
10. Describes Thaddeus Steven’s beliefs ?
1. suggested breaking up big plantations and distributing the land
2. punish the South
3. impeach President Johnson
11. List some of the effects of ‘unity’ in the United States ?
1. different political parties
2. sectionalism still strongly found in the United States
3. North is wealthy – South is poor
12. What was the purpose of literacy test ?to restrict blacks from voting
13. Which“pre-Appomattox” government agency was created to help former slaves ?
Freedmen’s Bureau
14. What southern lawswere the first passed after the South ratified the 13thAmendment ?
Black Codes
15. What was the political platform, both candidates ran on, in the Presidential Election of 1876.
To bring an end to government corruption
16. List 3 court cases that dealt with equal protection…
1. Brown v. Board of Education
2. Reed v. Reed
3. Lochner v. New York
17. Hiram Revels replaced who in the US Senate ?
the former Confederate President, Jefferson Davis
18. Why did the North bounce back quickly after the war ?
1. less destruction in the North
2. fewer battles
3. factories/economy
19. Which is NOT a reason that the South opposed Reconstruction ?
(NOT the North put a limit to their cotton production, which put a restrain on their economy
1. returning soldiers could not find jobs
2. the South strongly opposed the idea of giving rights to African Americans
3. the Wade Davis Bill mademost of the South had to swear loyalty to the Union
20. Who was the first African American to serve a full term in the Senate ? Blanche K. Bruce
21. Why did the Supreme Court, in the caseUnited States v. American Tobacco Co. the Supreme Court
ordered the dissolution of the company ?it was a monopoly
22. Why did many of the average northerners lose faith in the Republican party and its policies ?
they didn’t want a president that only hired his friends to be co-workers
23. Who was Hiram Revels ?
first African American in the U.S. Senate
24. List the post Civil War results in the South ? (NOT Confederate money was worth more than ever)
1. banks were closed
2. 2/3 of railroads were destroyed
3. horses, barns, land, and field were destroyed
25. According to the Brown v. Board of Education, having separate schools for black and white children,
violations what ?equal rights
26. List the 5 districts that the South was divided into during Reconstruction ?5
1. First Military District: Virginia
2. Second Military District: The Carolinas
3. Third Military District: Georgia, Alabama and Florida
4. Fourth Military District: Arkansas and Mississippi
5. Fifth Military District: Texas and Louisiana
27. What would have been different in the US if Lincoln hadn’t been assassinated and finished his 2nd
term ?
the reconstruction would have been completed sooner
28. Who was the leaderof the Radicals in the House of Representatives ?Thaddeus Stevens
29. The Radical Republicans proposed which bill, after Lincoln’s assassination ?
the Reconstruction Act; which required states to ratify the 14th Amendment
30. What caused average northerners to NOT support the Republican Party ?
1. many northerners grew tired of trying to reform the South
2. the South would NOT do as they promised
3. slaves/freedmen are waaaaay down in the South, out of sight—out of mind
31. Which 2 groups reached a compromise to end Reconstruction ?
Hayes compromised with Democrats over ending Reconstruction
- Hayes
- Democrats
32. List the restricted under the black codes ? ( NOTthe ability to own some type of property)
1. freedom to vote
2. the right to own guns
- the right to serve on juries
33. List the parts of Lincoln’s 10% Plan ?
( NOTSoutherners were denied the right to hold public office)
1. southern states had to abolish slavery
2. 10% of voters swore an oath of loyalty to the U.S.
3. amnesty would not apply to Confederate leaders
34. List the affects from the Supreme Court ruling of the Plessy v. Fergusoncase ?all of the above
1.segregation was ruled legal as long as black and whites were equal
2.African Americans would find it harder to find equality in courts
3.there would be inequality and mistreatment for blacks for the next 100 years
35. How did Hayes win the 1876 election ?
won the electoral votes, lost the popular vote, won the state vote, and the “special committee” was made out of mostly Republican
36. How did the political forces in the South impact (slow) the growth of the South ?
there were many disagreements between the different groups
37. Why did the KKK come to power ?to keep African Americans and carpetbaggers out of office
38. What were some of the problems that Freedman faced directly after the war ?
(NOT they weren’t guaranteed citizenship)
1. theydid not have money
2. they were illiterate
3. they did not own their own land
39. What was so ‘harsh’ about the Wade-Davis Bill ?
the Confederate Soldiers were not allowed to vote or hold office
40. List in order the Freedman Bureau’s most important tasks after the Civil War ?
1. set up a school system for former slaves
2. provide food for former slaves
3. provide employment for former slaves
4. provide healthcare for former slaves
41. What was similar in the proposed Reconstruction Act of 1867 as compared to the Johnson Plan of 1865 ? all states must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment
42. Which was a philosophy the KKK followed ? ( NOTAnti-Protestantism)
1. Homophobia
2. Racism
3. Anti-Semitism
43. What were Lincoln’s views on slavery ?
he would abolish or continue slavery depending on how it would affect the Union
44. What caused an expansion of sharecropping during the South’s Reconstruction ?
plantation owners no longer had workers and Freedmen could not afford their own land
45. Which court case supported segregation and made it legal throughout the US ?
Plessy v. Ferguson
46. List the issues the Republicans had with Johnson ?
1.his high temper
2. his weakness on punishing the South
3. his many Vetoes
47. What caused the white southerners to be afraid of supporting Reconstruction ?
they were afraid of being labeled as scalawags
48. Who said, “I was imprisoned in Missouri in 1854, for preaching the gospel to Negroes,
though I was never subjected to violence.” ?
Hiram Revels
49. What caused the Fourteenth Amendment ?
The veto of the Civil Rights Act
50. What was the main idea or statement which Abe Lincoln and Stephen Douglas have agreed?
“ The Union must be preserved.”
51. What two reasons became the driving force behind passing the Fifteenth Amendment ? 16.A
a. morality
b. politically
1 of Chapter 18 Review w/ANSWERS APR 2018