Supplementary Table 1 Number of samples surveyed for ladybirds for each host plant and location during the two periods of study (1st period – 15th June - 5th July 2014; 2nd period – 15th September - 5th October 2014). GB – Great Britain; CR – Czech Republic; SR – Slovak Republic.

Locality / 1st period / 2nd period
T. ×europaea / T. cordata
T. platyphyllos / A. pseudoplatanus / A. platanoides / U. dioica / Total / T. × europaea / T. cordata
T. platyphyllos / A. pseudoplatanus / A. platanoides / U. dioica / Total
Wallingford, GB / 12 / 0 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 36 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 36
Oxford, GB / 12 / 0 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 36 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 36
Prague, CR / 0 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 12 / 36 / 0 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 48
ČeskéBudějovice, CR / 0 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 12 / 36 / 0 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 48
Zvolen, SR / 0 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 12 / 36 / 0 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 48
Levice, SR / 0 / 12 / 0 / 12 / 12 / 36 / 0 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 12 / 48
Total / 24 / 48 / 24 / 48 / 72 / 216 / 24 / 48 / 72 / 48 / 72 / 264

Supplementary Table 2 Abundance (number of individuals) of ladybird species for each host plant during the two periods of study (1st period – 15th June - 5th July 2014; 2nd period – 15th September - 5th October 2014). All localities (Wallingford, Oxford, Prague, ČeskéBudějovice, Zvolen, Levice) merged. Species are list according to alphabetic order. Subtotal sample size for each column means the number of metres of tree branches beaten or the number of sweeps by net on Urtica dioica. Values of the diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were calculated both for each individual sample and averaged within one plant and period (row Mean), and for the combined sample on each plant and period (row Subtotal). *

Species / 1st period / 2nd period
Tilia spp. / A. pseudoplatanus / A. platanoides / U. dioica / Tilia spp. / A. pseudoplatanus / A. platanoides / U. dioica
Adaliabipunctata / 11 / 0 / 7 / 2 / 3 / 3 / 1 / 0
Adaliadecempunctata / 219 / 10 / 6 / 0 / 26 / 15 / 4 / 0
Anatisocellata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Aphidectaobliterata / 2 / 0 / 5 / 0 / 1 / 4 / 29 / 0
Calviadecemguttata / 2 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 7 / 4 / 0 / 0
Calviaquatuordecimguttata / 20 / 2 / 4 / 0 / 3 / 7 / 2 / 0
Ceratomegillanotata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 33
Chilocorusbipustulatus / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Chilocorusrenipustulatus / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Coccidularufa / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Coccinella quinquepunctata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Coccinella septempunctata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 26 / 30 / 23 / 18 / 9
Cynegetisimpunctata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Exochomusquadripustulatus / 3 / 0 / 14 / 0 / 81 / 18 / 15 / 0
Halyziasedecimguttata / 0 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Harmonia axyridis / 943 / 83 / 235 / 84 / 1872 / 1081 / 528 / 37
Harmonia quadripunctata / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0
Hippodamiavariegata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 2 / 0
Nephusquadrimaculatus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Oenopiaconglobata / 46 / 0 / 20 / 1 / 103 / 34 / 20 / 0
Propyleaquatuordecimpunctata / 5 / 0 / 2 / 24 / 27 / 19 / 39 / 11
Psylloboravigintiduopunctata / 1 / 0 / 0 / 13 / 4 / 14 / 6 / 15
Scymnus interruptus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 0
Scymnusrubromaculatus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0
Stethoruspusillus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Subcoccinellavignitiquatuorpunctata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2
Tytthaspissedecimpunctata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Vibidiaduodecimguttata / 0 / 0 / 13 / 0 / 3 / 54 / 16 / 0
Subtotal abundance / 1256 / 97 / 312 / 151 / 2164 / 1285 / 681 / 110
Subtotal sample size / 1440 / 960 / 480 / 1440 / 1440 / 960 / 1440 / 1440
Number of species / 12 / 4 / 12 / 7 / 15 / 20 / 13 / 9
Mean (SD) Shannon diversity per sample / 0.48
(0.32) / 0.21
(0.34) / 0.45
(0.41) / 0.33
(0.42) / 0.40
(0.36) / 0.43
(0.39) / 0.52
(0.32) / 0.29
(0.34)
Subtotal Shannon diversity for plant and season / 0.83 / 0.53 / 1.07 / 1.26 / 0.64 / 0.80 / 0.99 / 1.64

* Comparison of the Mean and Subtotal diversity tells about beta diversity or local variability of individual samples. If the mean per sample is much smaller than the subtotal value for plant and season it means that high number of samples must be used to have the species spectrum well documented. If both are similar, sampling effort may be decreased.

Supplementary Table 3 Abundance (number of individuals) of ladybird species at each location. All host plants (Tilia spp., Acerpseudoplatanus, Acer platanoides and Urtica dioica) and both sampling periods (1st period – 15th June - 5th July 2014; 2nd period – 15th September - 5th October 2014) merged. Species are list according to alphabetic order. GB – Great Britain; CR – Czech Republic; SR – Slovak Republic; WA – Wallingford; OX – Oxford; PR – Prague; CB – ČeskéBudějovice; ZV – Zvolen; LV – Levice. Subtotal sample size for each column means the number of metres of tree branches beaten plus the number of sweeps by net on U. dioica. Values of the diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) were calculated both for each individual sample and averaged within one location (row Mean), and for the combined sample on each location (row Subtotal). *

Species / GB / CR / SR / Total
WA / OX / PR / CB / ZV / LV
Adaliabipunctata / 5 / 0 / 4 / 1 / 1 / 16 / 27
Adaliadecempunctata / 120 / 50 / 15 / 15 / 15 / 65 / 280
Anatisocellata / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Aphidectaobliterata / 0 / 0 / 5 / 27 / 8 / 1 / 41
Calviadecemguttata / 0 / 0 / 9 / 4 / 3 / 0 / 16
Calviaquatuordecimguttata / 6 / 3 / 11 / 4 / 1 / 13 / 38
Ceratomegillanotata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 33 / 0 / 33
Chilocorusbipustulatus / 0 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 3
Chilocorusrenipustulatus / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1
Coccidularufa / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1
Coccinella quinquepunctata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1
Coccinella septempunctata / 21 / 0 / 44 / 19 / 8 / 14 / 106
Cynegetisimpunctata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1
Exochomusquadripustulatus / 0 / 0 / 36 / 13 / 4 / 78 / 131
Halyziasedecimguttata / 2 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4
Harmonia axyridis / 281 / 813 / 506 / 999 / 470 / 1794 / 4863
Harmonia quadripunctata / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 5
Hippodamiavariegata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 4
Nephusquadrimaculatus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1
Oenopiaconglobata / 0 / 0 / 4 / 29 / 14 / 177 / 224
Propyleaquatuordecimpunctata / 10 / 2 / 1 / 41 / 23 / 50 / 127
Psylloboravigintiduopunctata / 1 / 0 / 17 / 12 / 13 / 10 / 53
Scymnus interruptus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 3
Scymnusrubromaculatus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 2
Stethoruspusillus / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1
Subcoccinellavigintiquatuorpunctata / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2
Tytthaspissedecimpunctata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1
Vibidiaduodecimguttata / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 79 / 86
Subtotal abundance / 449 / 870 / 656 / 1176 / 600 / 2305 / 6056
Subtotal sample size / 1440 / 1440 / 1680 / 1680 / 1680 / 1680 / 9600
Number of species / 10 / 6 / 13 / 20 / 13 / 13 / 28
Mean (SD) Shannon diversity per sample / 0.39
(0.39) / 0.18
(0.27) / 0.43
(0.35) / 0.43
(0.35) / 0.36
(0.34) / 0.59
(0.37) / 0.41
(0.37)
Subtotal Shannon diversity for locality / 1.06 / 0.28 / 0.99 / 0.77 / 0.99 / 0.95 / 0.95

* Comparison of the Mean and Subtotal diversity tells about beta diversity or local variability of individual samples. If the mean per sample is much smaller than the subtotal value for locality it means that high number of samples must be used to have the species spectrum well documented. If both are similar, sampling effort may be decreased.