RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA
BANGALORE
ANNEXURE - II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1. / NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS / Miss. RENUKA .V. BHADANGKAR.DEPT OF PHARMACOGNOSY,
K.L.E. SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
VIDYANAGAR, HUBLI-580031.
2. / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / K.L.E. SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,
VIDYANAGAR, HUBLI-580031.
3. / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT / M. PHARM – PHARMACOGNOSY
4. / DATE OF ADMISSION / JUNE 2008
5. / TITLE OF THE TOPIC:
“PHYTOCHEMICAl INVESTIGATIONS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF BARK OF Mimusops elengi L FOR HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY.”
6. / Brief Resume of the intended work:
6.1 – Need for the study:
Liver diseases remain one of the serious health problems. Steroids, vaccines and anti-viral drugs, which have been employed as a therapy for liver diseases have potential adverse side effects especially when administered for long time. Hepatoprotective agents of natural origin have attracted special interest and numerous medicinal plants are being used for liver disorders in ethnomedical prescription based upon traditional wisdom and knowledge.1
Old traditional system of medicine and records of popular healing methods have maintained their importance despite new developments and progress in the field of synthetic chemistry, phytochemistry and medicine. Indeed, herbal drugs usage is much more increasing the role of natural products in the development of drugs used in modern medicine.
There are hardly few proven remedies for the prevalent liver disorders. No drug of choice for total prevention or mitigation in modern system of medicine, to stimulate the liver functions, protect it from damage or help in the regeneration of hepatic cells.2
In traditional system of medicine the bark of Mimusops elengi Linn is used to cure biliousness.3 But till now no scientific reports are available to support the above traditional claim. Hence in order to ascertain scientific validity this work has been taken up.
/ 6.2 – Review of literature:
Introduction to the plant:4,5
Botanical Name : Mimusops elengi Linn
Family : Sapotaceae
Vernacular names:
Kannada -- Pagade mara.
Sanskrit -- Bakula
Tamil -- Mahila
Marathi -- Barsoli
Hindi -- Maulsaree
Telugu -- Pogada manu.
Morphology:3,4
Leaves : 6.3-10 by 3.2-5cm., elliptic, shortly acuminate, glabrous, base acute or
rounded.
Flower : white, in axillary clusters.
Seed : solitary, ovoid, compressed, brown, shining.
Bark : dark grey fissured bark.
Phytoconstituents:4,6
Roots contain steroidal saponin. Bark contains tannin and saponins. Leaves contain glucosides. Flowers contain sterols. Fruits and seeds contain quercitol, glucose and quercetin.
Traditional uses:3
Ø The bark is cardiotonic, stomachic, cures biliousness and diseases of the gums and teeth.
Ø The flowers are expectorant, cures diseases of the nose and headache.
Ø The fruit and the seeds are aphrodisiac, diuretic and astringent to the bowels.
Reported works
1. Payal J. Shah, Mitesh S. Gandhi, et al. (2003) have reported the study of Mimusops elengi bark in experimental gastric ulcers.The 50% alcoholic extract of Mimusops elengi (Ext E) and its different fractions namely ethyl acetate (Ext E1), n-butanol (Ext E2), methanol (Ext E3), and aqueous (Ext E4) were studied (p.o) against ethanol-induced gastric damage . Among these fractions ethyl-acetate fraction was found to possess anti-ulcer activity.7
2. .Niranjan P. Sahu, Kazuo Koike, et al. (1997) have isolated Triterpenoid Saponins from seeds of Mimusops elengi. Mimusin {3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl –(1à6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2β,3β,6β,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-α -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1à3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1à4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1à2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside} was isolated from the methanolic extract of the seeds. Its structure was confirmed by spectral analysis. In addition isolation of two known triterpenoid saponins, Mi-saponin A and 16α-hydroxy Mi-saponin A were reported.8
3. Jacqueline Eskander, Catherine Lavaud, et al. (2006) have reported
Saponins from the seeds of Mimusops laurifolia. Nine saponins
were isolated from the seeds of Mimusops laurifolia. Their
structures were established using one-and two-dimentional NMR
spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.9
4. Dar A, Behbahanian S and others have reported Hypotensive effect of the methanolic extract of Mimusops elengi in normotensive rats.
The methanolic extract of Mimusops elengi caused hypotensive activity in anaesthetized rats. On intravenous administration at a dose range of 2-16 mg/kg, it produced about a 7-38% fall in mean arterial blood pressure, in a dose-dependent manner. The effect was independent of adrenergic, muscarinic and histaminergic receptors.
Administration of calcium channel blockers, including nifedipine
(0.9 mg/kg) and verapamil (3.9 mg/kg), caused corresponding
reductions of 81 and 64% in extract-induced hypotension. This data
imply Mimusops elengi might possess calcium-blocking activity.10
6.3 – Objectives of the study:
Ø Pharmacognostic evaluation of bark of Mimusops elengi Linn.
Ø Successive extraction using different solvents of increasing polarity
followed by isolation.
Ø Phytochemical analysis of various extracts and isolates and characterization of phytoconstituents by chromatography and spectral analysis.
Ø Evaluation of extracts for hepatoprotective activity.
Materials and Methods:
7.1 Source of data:
Ø Review articles from journals.
Ø Published research papers.
Ø Electronic data (internet).
Ø Library of K.L.E’S College of Pharmacy, Hubli.
7.2 Method of collection of data:
The bark of Mimusops elengi will be collected from the surrounding areas
of Dharwad district of Karnataka.
Authentication: Renowned botanist will authenticated the plant.
Phytochemical studies:
For the present study the bark of Mimusops elengi will be collected, shade dried and coarsely powdered. Extraction will be done with different solvents of increasing order of polarity by chloroform, methanol and water using soxhlet apparatus. Extracts will be concentrated and further subjected to qualitative chemical tests, chromatographic studies and for isolation of phytoconstituent /s.
Evaluation for Acute toxicity study: 11.
The Albino mice of either sex will be used during investigation. The animals were fasted over night prior to the experimental procedure. The OECD guideline no-420 fixed dose method will be adopted and accordingly doses of different extracts will be calculated.
Hepatoprotective activity:
Carbon tetra chloride induced hepatotoxicity model :12
Wister albino rats weighing between 100-150 gm will be used .The
animals will be divided into five groups of four animal each.
Group I serve as normal control and receive distilled water (1ml/kg p.o) daily
for 5 days and receive olive oil (1 ml /kg. s.c) on days 2 and 3.
Group II serve as CCl4 control and receive distilled water ( 1 ml/kg p.o) daily
for 5 days and receive CCl4 : olive oil (1:1, 2ml/kg. s.c) on days 2 and 3.
Group III will be treated with Liv-52 (1 ml/kg. p.o) ) daily for 5 days and
receive CCl4 : olive oil (1:1, 2ml/kg. s.c) on days 2 and 3, 30 min after
administration of Liv-52.
Group IV and V will be treated with different doses extracts of Mimusops
elengi for 5 days and receive CCl4 : olive oil (1:1, 2ml/kg. s.c) on days 2
and 3, 30 min after administration of extract.
Biochemical estimations:
The rats will be sacrificed on the sixth day mild ether anaesthesia. Blood sample will be collected and serum is separated and used for the estimation of various biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, SALP and Bilirubin (total and direct) according to the standard procedure.
7.3 Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be
conducted on the patients or other human/animals? If so, please
describe briefly.
Yes, the above study requires investigation on albino mice and rat for hepatoprotective activity and dose determination of extracts respectively. These studies are planned in accordance with the procedure reported in the literature.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Applied for institutional ethical committee clearance for use of animals.
8 / List of references.
1. Kumar EP, Till Olickal, Vadivelan R, Subburaju T and Suresh B.
Hepatoprotective activity of aqueous root extract of Tylophora indica.
Indian J. Nat. Prod. 2008;24(1):29-32.
2. Katewa SS and Arora A. Hepatoprotective effect of certain
Ethanomedicinal plants from Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan. Indian drugs
2001;38(6):332-5.
3 .Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol-II. India: Internacional
book distributors; 1988.
4. Yoganarasimhan SN. Medicinal Plants of India Vol I. Srinivasan for
Interline publishing Pvt Ltd , Bangalore; 1996.
5. Magadi GR. Botanical and Vernacular Names of South Indian Plants.
Bangalore: Divyachandra prakashan; 2001.
6. The Wealth of India, A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and
Industrial Products Publication & Information Directorate, (VI), New
Delhi: CSIR; reprint: 2003.
7. Payal J. Shah, Mitesh S. Gandhi, Mamta B. Shah, Sunita S. Goswami,
Devdas Santani. Study of Mimusops elengi bark in experimental gastric
ulcers. J. of Ethanopharmacol 2003;89:305-11.
8. Niranjan P.Sahu, Kazuo Koike, Zhonghua Jia and Tamotsu Nikaido. Triterpenoid Saponins from Mimusops elengi. Phytochemistry 1997;44(6):1145-9.
9. Jacqueline Eskander, Catherine Lavaud, Isabelle Pouny, Hesham S. M. Soliman, Abdel-Khalik S. M, Mahmoud I. I. Saponins from the seeds of Mimusops laurifolia. Phytochemistry 2006;67:1793-9.
10. Dar A, Behbahanian S, Malik A, Jahan N. Hypotensive effect of the methanolic extract of Mimusops elengi in normotensive rats. Phytomedicine 1999;6(5):373-8.
11. OECD ( Organization for economic co-operation and development ). Guideline 420 : Acute oral toxicity – fixed dose procedure, Paris : OECD 1992.
12. Vogel HG, Drug Discovery and Evaluation Pharmacological Assays. 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag, Heidel berg,(NY); 2002.
9. / SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE
10. / REMARKS OF THE GUIDE / The work, which is assigned to Miss. Renuka .V. Bhadangkar will be carried out under my supervision and guidance.
11. / 11.1 NAME AND DESIGNATION OF
THE GUIDE /
Shri. R.V.SAVADI B.Sc, M.Pharm.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AND HEADDept. of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry,
K.L.E.S’s College of Pharmacy,
Vidyanagar, Hubli – 580 031.
11.2 SIGNATURE
11.3 NAME AND DESIGNATION OF
THE CO-GUIDE / Shri.A.V BHANDARKAR M.Pharm.
LECTURER.
Department of Pharmacognosy,
K. L. E. S’s College of Pharmacy,
Vidyanagar,
Hubli-580031.
11.4 SIGNATURE
11.5 HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT /
Shri R.V.SAVADI B.Sc, M.Pharm.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HEAD,Department of Pharmacognosy,
K. L. E. S’s College of Pharmacy,
Vidyanagar,
Hubli-580031.
11.6 SIGNATURE
12. / 12.1 REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL / The above mentioned information is correct and I recommend the same for approval.
12.2 SIGNATURE / Dr. B. M. PATIL
PRINCIPAL
K. L. E. S’s College of Pharmacy,
Vidyanagar,
Hubli-580031.