Social Studies: Eighth Grade

Social Studies: Eighth Grade2016 - 2017

Eighth grade social studies examines American History from the foundation of America through the end of the Civil War. Students will encounter lessons on America’s Road to Revolution, the American Revolution, the Constitutional Convention and the drafting of the Constitution, our first Presidents, the War of 1812, Westward Expansion, Technology of the 1800’s, division leading up to the Civil War, and finally the Civil War: A Nation Divided. The course seeks to educate students by providing students with essential skills that will benefit student learning inside and outside of the classroom. Eighth grade social studies will focus on key skills such as critical analysis, detecting bias and propaganda, cause and effect, comparing and contrasting, evaluating primary and secondary documents, and presenting and public speaking.

Course Information:

Frequency & Duration: Averaging 42 minutes; 5 days per week; full year

Text:

Appleby, Joyce Ph.D., Alan Brinkley, Ph.D. et al. (2005). The American Republic to 1877. New York, New York: Glencoe McGraw-Hill

Content: Colonization Review/Google Introduction / Duration:August/September (1 weeks)
Essential Question: / How has disagreement and collaboration been beneficial to establishing the needs of the American colonies?
Skill: /

Analyze the conflicts leading up to the American Revolution that develop into American Principles
Defining the regions, cultures and economies of 13 colonies
Analyzing the outcomes of the FIW and their effects on English/American Relations

Assessment: /

Identify locations of the 13 American Colonies and basic North American Geographic features (ex. Mississippi River)
Compare and contrast the culture and economies of the colonial regions
Describe the causes and effects of the French and Indian War

Resources: / The American Republic- Beginnings to 1877- Chapter 4 Sections 1-4
Google Apps
Treaty of Paris 1763
Maps
Standards: / 5.2.8.B. Describe how citizens resolve conflicts in society and government.
5.4.8.A. Describe how national interests lead to agreements and conflicts between and among countries.
7.1.8.B. Explain and locate places and regions as defined by physical and human features
8.2.8.A. Compare and contrast the social, political, cultural, and economic contributions of specific individuals and groups from Pennsylvania.
Vocabulary: / Pitt’s Promise- William Pitt’s promise to repay colonist for all of the costs of the war; Proclamation of 1763- British law that prohibited colonial expansion beyond the Allegheny Mountains; Treaty of Paris 1763- Treaty that ends the French and Indian War

Comments

Content: Road to the Revolution / Duration:September (3 weeks)
Essential Question: / How does a regional conflict over taxes lead to a national war for independence?
Skill: / ●Analyze propaganda used to bolster the movement for independence
●Debate the multiple perspectives of early conflicts (Boston Massacre)
●Diagram the escalating relationship between taxes and tension in the colonies
●Evaluate historic documents/literature
Assessment: / ●Create and Analyze examples of Propaganda
●Participate in class debate on Legal outcomes of Boston Massacre
●Identify important individuals and their actions
●Explain the causes that led to the Declaration of Independence
Resources: / The American Republic- Beginnings to 1877- Chapter 5 Section 1-4
Boston Massacre Primary Documents
The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere By Longfellow
The Declaration of Independence
Standards: / 5.1.8.C. Analyze the principles and ideas that shaped local, Pennsylvania, and national governments. • Liberty / Freedom • Democracy • Justice • Equality
5.1.7.F. Describe how the media uses political symbols to influence public opinion.
5.1.8.D. Summarize the basic principles and ideals within documents and the roles played by the framers as found in significant documents: • Declaration of Independence • United States Constitution • Bill of Rights • Pennsylvania Constitution
5.3.8.I. Describe various types of projects and services provided through local, state, and national taxes.
8.1.8.B. Compare and contrast a historical event, using multiple points of view from primary and secondary sources.
Vocabulary: / Boycott-to refuse to buy items from a particular country; Effigy- rag figure representing an unpopular individual;Loyalist-American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence;Militia-a group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies; Minutemen-a group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies Propaganda- idea or information designed and spread to influence opinion; Petition-a formal request;Patriot-American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won;Preamble- the introduction to a formal document, especially the Constitution; Resolution-a formal expression of opinion;Repeal-to cancel an act or law;Revenue- incoming money

Comments:

Content: Revolutionary War / Duration:October (4 weeks)
Essential Question: / How did American ideals, relationships with European Nations, and key contributions from American figures lead to America’s independence?
Skill: /

Identify Key Battles and Changing boundaries in America during the war
Compare and contrast American and British fighting styles
Evaluate how America’s approach to the war changes due to Britain’s changing war goals
Analyze how the outcomes of the war contribute to conflicts both foreign and domestic

Assessment: /

Identify the outcomes and key figures of the three major phases of the Revolutionary War

Resources: / The American Republic- Beginnings to 1877- Chapter 6 Sections 1-4
Create a Revolutionary War Newspaper
Maps
American History Atlas
Revolutionary News Project
Treaty of Paris 1783
Valley Forge Primary Sources
Standards: / 5.1.8.C. Analyze the principles and ideas that shaped local, Pennsylvania, and national governments. • Liberty / Freedom • Democracy • Justice • Equality
8.1.8.C. Produce an organized product on an assigned historical topic that presents and reflects on a thesis statement and appropriate primary and secondary sources. (Reference RWSL Standard 1.8.8 Research)
5.1.8.D. Summarize the basic principles and ideals within documents and the roles played by the framers as found in significant documents: • Declaration of Independence • United States Constitution • Bill of Rights • Pennsylvania Constitution
5.4.8.B. Describe the foreign policy tools of diplomacy, economic aid, military aid, sanctions, and treaties.
8.4.8.D. Compare conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations which have impacted the history and development of the world.
Vocabulary: / Ambush-a surprise attack; Blockade-cut off an area by means of troops or warships to stop supplies or people from coming in or going out; to close off a country’s ports;Desert-to leave without permission;Guerilla Warfare-a hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes;Inflation- a continuous rise in the price of goods and services; Loyalists- American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence;Mercenary-paid soldier who serves in the Army of a foreign country; Neutral- taking no sides in a conflict;Patriots- American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won;Privateer- armed private ship;Ratify- to give official approval to;Recruit- to enlist soldiers in the army

Comments:

Content:Making a Nation / Duration:October/November (3 weeks)
Essential Question: / How do conflict and compromise contribute to the creation and adoption of the American government?
Skill: /

Compare and Contrast America’s early Governments
Analyze how these governments’ powers contribute to conflicts
Identify the contributions of key figures in Early American government
Evaluate the role compromise plays in

Assessment: /

Illustrate how American independence leads to the rise of democracy around the world
Illustrate how US Documents helped change the world’s view of political systems
Evaluate the Constitution as a living document and how it has evolved with American Ideals

Resources: / The American Republic- Beginnings to 1877- Chapter 7 Sections 1-3
The Constitution
Excerpts from the Federalist Papers
Standards: / 8.4.8.C. Illustrate how continuity and change have impacted world history. • Belief systems and religions • Commerce and industry • Technology • Politics and government • Physical and human geography • Social organizations
8.4.8.B. Illustrate how historical documents, artifacts, and sites are critical to world history.
6.3.8.C. Compare and contrast the effects of different taxation policies.
8.3.8.D. Examine how conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations have impacted the growth and development of the U.S.
8.3.8.B. Evaluate the importance of historical documents, artifacts and places critical to United States history.
5.1.8.E Compare and contrast the individual rights guaranteed by the PA Constitution versus the U.S. Constitution.
5.1.8.A. Identify the sources of the rule of law.
5.1.8.B. Outline how different systems of government function.
5.3.8.B. Compare and contrast the policy-making process between Pennsylvania and the federal government.
Vocabulary: / Amendment- an addition to a formal document such as the Constitution; Bicameral- consisting of two houses, or chambers, especially in a legislature; Compromise- agreement between two or more sides in which each side gives up some of what it wants;Constitution-a formal plan of government;Depression- a period of low economic activity and widespread unemployment;Depreciate- to fall in value;Enlightenment- movement during the 1700’s that spread the idea that knowledge, reason and science could improve society; Federalism-the sharing of power between federal and state governments;Manumission- the freeing of individual enslaved persons;Ordinance- a law or regulation; Petition-a formal request;Proportional-to be the same as or corresponding to;Representatives- an individual who votes on behalf of the people that the individual was elected by;Republic-a government in which citizens rule through elected representatives;Ratify- to give official approval to;

Comments:

Content: Establishing a Government / Duration:December (3 weeks)
Essential Question: / How did continuity and change impact America’s early government?
Skill: /

Analyze divisions in Early American Politics
Identify key precedents set by our government’s first leaders
Evaluate America’s role in post-revolutionary conflicts

Assessment: /

Compare and Contrast the views of Hamilton and Jefferson
Explain the difference between America’s first political parties.
Describe the origins of the Federalists and Republicans
Identify the contributions of Alexander Hamilton in establishing the early American Economy
Debate the implications of the Alien and Sedition Acts
Evaluate America’s role in European conflicts under Washington and Adams

Resources: / The American Republic- Beginnings to 1877- Chapter 8 Sections 1-3
Whiskey Rebellion Primary Sources
Washington’s Farewell Address
Jay’s Treaty
Standards: / 8.3.8.A. Examine the role groups and individuals played in the social, political, cultural, and economic development of the United States
8.4.8.A. Compare the role groups and individuals played in the social, political, cultural, and economic development throughout world history.
8.2.8.D. Compare and contrast examples of how conflict and cooperation among groups and organizations impacted the history
8.2.8.C. Compare and contrast the ways continuity and change have impacted Pennsylvania history
5.1.8.F. Analyze how political symbols are used by the media and leaders to influence public opinion.
5.3.8.H. Describe the influence of mass media on government.
6.5.8.E. Identify wealth within and among political divisions in Pennsylvania.
Vocabulary: / Alien- an immigrant living in a country in which he or she is not a citizen; Federalists-supporters of the Constitution; Protective Tariff- a tax on imported goods;Republicans- political party formed during the race for the second President of the United States;Sedition-activities aimed at weakening established government;Speculators- a person who risks money to make money XYZ Affair- an attempt by France to bribe the United States during Madison’s Presidency;

Comments:

Content:Jeffersonian Era / Duration:January (5 weeks)
Essential Question: / How did Jefferson’s influence contribute to the expansion and stability of the United States of America?
Skill: /

Describe the events of Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency.
Explain the effect Thomas Jefferson had on America both during, and after, his Presidency.
Analyze how foreign and domestic issues lead to the war of 1812

Assessment: /

Describe why Thomas Jefferson gained public approval to become America’s Third President.
Explain how Thomas Jefferson contributed to the expansion of America.
Define Judicial Review and explain its origin.
Compare and contrast Madison and Jefferson Presidency.
Describe how Jefferson’s Views of Presidential Power change during his time in office
Identify key battles and events of the War of 1812

Resources: / The American Republic- Beginnings to 1877- Chapter 9 Sections 1-4
LA Purchase Map
Lewis and Clark Primary Docs
Star Spangled Banner Lyrics
War of 1812 Map
Standards: / 8.3.8.C. Summarize how continuity and change have impacted U.S. history.
6.2.8.E. Compare the state of the current economy with the economy in a different time or place.
6.3.8.D. Explain how government actions may affect international trade.
6.4.7.B. Analyze how changes in trade affect standards of living.
7.1.8.A. Explain and illustrate how geographic tools are used to organize and interpret information about people, places, and environments.
Vocabulary: / Embargo-an order prohibiting trade with another country;Expansion-increasing in size, as in land holdings;Implied Powers- powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution; Impressment-forcing people into service, as in the navy;Judicial Review-the right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution; Non-Intercourse Act- an agreement allowing the United States to trade with all nations except England and France;Secede- to leave or withdraw;Tribute- money paid for protection;Warhawks- Republicans during Madison’s presidency who pressed for war with Britain

Comments:

Content:Innovation and Expansion / Duration:February (4 weeks)
Essential Question: / How does innovation lead to establishing America’s role on the world’s stage
Skill: /

Compare and contrast Rural and Urban Areas in America in the Early 1800’s
Analyze how advancing American technologies impacted the world
Identify how advancements in transportation affect regional America
Evaluate how the single party system changes American Politics

Assessment: /

Create a replica of American technology and analyze how it helped advance America during this time period
Illustrate how advancements in transportation changed the American Landscape
Compare and contrast American politics today and during “Era of Good Feelings”

Resources: / The American Republic- Beginnings to 1877- Chapter 10 Sections 1-3
American Technology Project
American Expansion Map
Standards: / 8.4.8.C. Illustrate how continuity and change have impacted world history. • Belief systems and religions • Commerce and industry • Technology • Politics and government • Physical and human geography • Social organizations
8.3.8.C. Summarize how continuity and change have impacted U.S. history.
Compare and contrast events over time and how continuity and change over time influenced those events.
7.3.8.A. Explain the human characteristics of places and regions using the following criteria: • Population • Culture • Settlement • Economic activities • Political activities
6.5.8.B. Compare the characteristics of productive workers with less productive workers.
6.4.8.D. Explain how the level of transportation, communication networks, and technology affect economic interdependence.
6.4.8.B. Compare the standard of living in different times and places.
6.5.8.F. Explain the role of the entrepreneur in Pennsylvania.
Vocabulary: / Adams’-Onis Treaty-a treaty between the United States and Spain that helped the United States acquire Florida;Canal- an artificial waterway;Cotton Gin- a machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber;Factory System-system bringing manufacturing steps together in one place to increase efficiency;Interchangeable Parts- uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces;Industrialization-the change from an agrarian society to one based on industry which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States around 1800; Missouri Compromise- a compromise between the North and South to admit Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state;Monroe Doctrine- a proclamation by James Monroe that any foreign nations were forbidden to colonize North AmericaRush-Bagot Treaty- a treaty between the United States and Britain that limited the number of naval ships allowed on the Great Lakes;Turnpike-a road that one must pay to use; the money is used to pay for the road

Comments:

Content: Jacksonian Era / Duration:March (3 weeks)
Essential Question: / How must the role of President change as America changes economically, socially, and geographically?
Skill: /

Analyze Native Americans changing approach to America
Describe how American expansion leads to changes in politics, culture, and geography
Identify differences within American politics during this time period
Evaluate the lasting effects of the Trail of Tears

Assessment: /

Evaluate data from the election of 1824 using different graphs
Label changing borders in America during Jacksonian Era
Compare and contrast Native Americans’ relationship with the American Government throughout American History
Analyze primary sources from the Trail of Tears
Explain differences within America’s one party system following the Era of Good Feelings

Resources: / The American Republic- Beginnings to 1877- Chapters 11-12 All Sections
Manifest Destiny Foldable
Manifest Destiny Map
Election of 1824 Graphs
Trail of Tears Primary Documents
Standards: / 6.3.8.B. Predict how changes to government involvement at the state and national levels may affect the economy.
5.3.8.A. Compare and contrast the responsibilities and powers of the three branches of government between Pennsylvania and the Federal government.
5.4.8.C. Explain how common problems (e.g., natural disasters, ethnic conflict, environmental concerns) are addressed by organizations and governments.
5.3.8.D. Identify leadership positions and the role of political party affiliation at the local, state, and national levels.
5.4.8.D. Describe how mass media influences our view of international events.
6.2.8.C. Explain how advertising influences economic decisions.
Vocabulary: / Annex- to add a territory to one’s own territory;Boomtown- a community experiencing a sudden growth in business or population;Californios- Mexicans who lived in California; Cede- to give up by treaty;Decree-an order or decision given by one in authority; Emigrant- a person who leave a country or region to live elsewhere;Empresario-a person who arranged for the settlement of land in Texas during the 1800’s;Favorite son- candidate that receives the backing of his home state rather than of the national party;Forty-niners-people who went to California during the gold rush of 1849;Laissez-faire-policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy; Log cabin campaign- name given to William Henry Harrison’s campaign for the presidency in 1840, from the Whigs’ use of a log cabin as their symbol; Manifest Destiny- the idea popular in the United States during the 1800’s that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific; Plurality-largest single share;Rancho-huge properties for raising livestock set up by Mexican settlers in California;Ranchero- Mexican ranch owner;Suffrage- the right to vote;Spoils system- practice of handing out government jobs to supporters, replacing government employees with the winning candidate’s supporters;Tejano- a Mexican who claims Texas as his home;Vigilante- people who take the law into their own hands

Comments: