B.) Historic 3000BC to the End of the Roman Empire 500AD

Exam Review

Test #1

Time Periods

Ancient History

a.) Prehistoric – earliest people

b.) Historic – 3000BC to the end of the Roman Empire – 500AD

Medieval History Modern History 1500 to present day

The importance of 1453*

*Sources of Information

Primary Non Literary

Literary

Secondary

Tertiary

Carbon 14 Dating

*Bias Unconscious

Conscious

Propaganda/Deliberate

*Four Routes to North America – know one piece of evidence to support each theory

Land Bridge

Atlantic Route

Pacific Route

Pacific Coast

*World Map - Be able to label a world map showing the routes, the two oceans, and at least 5 continents

Spelling of Mi’kmaw

Mi’kmaw Rules of Protocol – know underlying themes associated with the rules (nature, respect, lack of emotion)

Test #2

· Nine Universals of Culture (general)

· What is culture? (powerpoint slide)

· *Differences in language as far as colors/shapes, categories and environment is concerned. (see comparison chart) Know Mi’kmaq is an eastern Algonquian language.

· Themes in Creation Story – nature, family, divine beings, everything is interconnected,

· *Oral Tradition definitions of legends, tales, creation story, oral history and oral tradition. Also the key elements of oral tradition and storytelling.

· Petroglyphs – what are they, what did the Mi’kmaq draw, what are some problems associated with the petroglyphs, and two ways they were copied.

· Time periods of natives in the Maritimes and at least one distinguishing feature from this time period (Paleo-Indian, Maritime Archaic, Maritime Woodland).

· Common elements in Aboriginal Literature (5 of them)

· Wampum Belt – Using Symbols to communicate messages

Test #3

· Elders – characteristics, qualities, and roles

· The Sweat Lodge

· Pow Wows

· *Land of the Mi’kmaq

· *Spirituality (aspects of spirituality – medicine wheel, sweet grass, sweat lodge, etc…)

· Medicine Wheel

· Why is the cross so familiar?

· *Comparison/ contrasts Native Spirituality and Catholicism (chart)

· Mi’kmaq Introduction to Christianity

· Roles of Men and Women

· Where the Mi’kmaq spent the seasons.

· Salite

· Murdena Marshall – 4 cycles of life

· Animism (the belief all things have a spirit)

· Importance of “All My Relations”

· Two times Mi’kmaq killed animals

· What happens to spirits when they mess up

· Patron Saint of the Mi’kmaq (St. Anne) and why she was selected. (Jesus’ grandmother)

· Difference between spirituality and religion

Exam Review

Review from last test

1. Who did the Mi’kmaq align themselves originally?

2. Why did this become a problem?

3. What propelled the trading relationship with the Mi’kmaq? In other words, what was mainly the driving force between Europeans and the Mi’kmaq?

4. What is a treaty?

5. Who can sign a treaty?

6. What religion did Chief Membertou convert to?

7. True or false, the Mi’kmaq were the first native group to be converted to Catholicism?

8. What is restorative justice?

9. What does the “inherit right to self-government” mean?

10. The goal of restorative justice is not just about ______, but giving back to the ______.

11. Name one common outcome to a sentencing circle.

12. Not everyone qualifies for restorative justice. Give 2 reasons why someone may not be allowed to partake in a sentencing circles?

13. What happened to Donald Marshall Jr.? What was he convicted of and what did it bring light to in regards of the justice system?

14.) Put the correct number next to the treaty.

Treaty

The Condordat Of 1610

1 The Indian Act of 1876

2

1. European countries could only do business with other Catholic states. The agreement recognized the Mi’kmaq as a Catholic Nation, allowing them to trade their furs with European countries. It also allowed them to incorporate Mi’kmaq culture and language with Catholic Traditions. /

2. It contains most of the federal law concerning Indians. It determines who controls reserves, how they are governed and defines what it means to be a status Indian. Many today feel that the act should be repealed.

15.) Fill in the missing information:

Local Council Chief / District Council Chief / Grand Council Chief
Powers / They had power over their Elders Council. / - They had power over his area’s council of Local Chiefs. / - They had power over all the 7 District Chiefs.
Duties / - They need to make sure there are supplies, like canoes and dogs, are available.
- They also need to supply food in case there are any emergencies.
- They were role models for young men. / - They had to consider issues that might cause a conflict between district nations. / - They had to assign hunting and fishing areas to chiefs.
- They made the final decision on treaties with other native people and native places.
Geographic Constituency / They are responsible for a village or camp site. / -They were responsible for the area’s councils of local chiefs in one of the 7 lands of the Mi’kmaq (Mi’kma’ki) / - they were responsible for the Mi'Kmaq seven districts.
Leadership Characteristics / - They needed to be skilled hunters to teach young men how to hunt. / - They had to be skilled hunters to teach the young men to hunt for food. / - They needed to have great integrity and sense of fairness.
- They were expected to have great character.