Pakistan Movement
Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (Urdu: تحریک پاکستان) was the struggle carried out by the Muslims of British India to create a separate homeland in fear of losing their identity, culture and liberty to the dominant indian culture of South Asia and the Hindu majority state. This struggle was led by the Muslim League and resulted in the partition of the British Empire in India. The movement was led by Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, along with such leaders asAllama Iqbal, Liaqat Ali Khan, Fatima Jinnah, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, A.K. Fazlul Huq, and Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar among the many others.
Contents
[hide]- 1History of the movement
- 2Timeline
- 3Statements and Sayings
- 4References
- 5Other Leaders
- 6See also
- 7External links
History of the movement
Muslim League Working Committee at the Lahore session
The idea of a separate state was first introduced by Allama Iqbal in 1930[1]. Subsequently, the name Pakistan was proposed by Choudhary Rahmat Ali in his Pakistan Declaration in 1933.[2]. However, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and other leaders maintained their belief in religious unity.[3] It was only after, the volatile political climate and emerging religious hostilities between Hindus and Muslims that gave the idea a stronger backing.[4] 1937 election results was a major shift in indian politics. congress succeeded in 7 provinces while in four provinces congress was defeated. among the four non congress provinces The Punjab and Bengal had not only power but also had resources( both human and physical). in bengal Muslim league shared government with A.K.Fazlul haq Kirisk parja party while The Punjab was neither with congress nor with Muslim league but under unionists, a secular party working under leadership of eminent mian sir Fazl-e-Hussain. After fazl-e-hussain, sir sikindar hayat took leadership. in 1938, Punjab decided to select jinah her bargaining agent in center and did an agreement Jinah-sikandar pact. so in a period of less then 15 months, with the tremendous support of Punjab and Bengal Jinaah made historic lahore resolution. In 1940, at the occasion of its general session in Lahore, Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution (also known as Pakistan Resolution) that became the main objective of struggle for independence. Soon after World War II, United states pressurize both Britain and France to abolish colonization. Britishers tried to develop a consensus among political players in India through crisps mission and cabinet mission but due to the strictness of congress they finally devided it.. By 1947, British India was divided into a Muslim majority Pakistan and a Hindu majority India.
Timeline
- 1849 Annexation of the Punjab
- 1850 Introduction of urdu in Punjab ( almost all west Pakistan excluding Sindh)
- 1857 War of Independence
- 1885 Formation of the Indian National Congress
- 1901 Partition of Punjab
- 1905 Partition of Bengal
- 1906 Simla Deputation
- 1906 Founding of the All-India Muslim League
- 1909 Minto – Morley Reforms
- 1911 Annulment of the Partition of Bengal
- 1914-18 World War I
- 1916 Lucknow Pact
- 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- 1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
- 1919-23 Khilafat Movement
- 1922-29 Hindu – Muslim Riots
- 1927 Delhi Muslim Proposals
- 1928 Nehru Report
- 1929 Fourteen Points of Jinnah
- 1930 Simon Commission Report
- 1930 Separation of a strong punjabi group from congress and formation of Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-islam
- 1930 Allama Iqbal Address
- 1931 Kashmir Resistance movement
- 1930-32 Round Table Conferences
- 1932 Communal Award (1932)
- 1933 Now or Never Pamphlet
- 1935 Government of India Act
- 1937 Elections
- 1937-39 Congress Rule in 7 out of 11 Provinces
- 1937 Strong anti congress governments in Punjab and Bengal
- 1938 Fazulul Gaq of bengal joined Muslim League
- 1938 Jinah Sikandar pact
- 1938 Pirpur Report
- 1939-45 World War II
- 1939 Resignation of congress ministries and non congress power players got golden chance
- 1940 Pakistan Resolution
- 1940 March 19 Khaksar Massacre in Lahore[5][6]
- 1942 Quit India Movement and non congress players further got space
- 1942 Cripps' mission
- 1944 Gandhi - Jinnah Talks
- 1945 The Simla Conference
- 1946 The Cabinet Mission the last British effort to united india
- 1946 Direct Action Day aftermath of cabinet mission plan
- 1946 Interim Government installed in office
- 1946 Quit Kashmir Campaign as the formation of the interim government of Azad Kashmir
- 1947 June 3 Partition Plan
- 1947 Creation of Pakistan
Statements and Sayings
Allama Iqbal
“ / I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single State. Self-government within the British Empire, or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-WestIndianMuslimState appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.[7] / ”Choudhary Rahmat Ali
“ / At this solemn hour in the history of India, when British and Indian statesmen are laying the foundations of a Federal Constitution for that land, we address this appeal to you, in the name of our common heritage, on behalf of our thirty million Muslim brethren who live in Pakstan - by which we mean the five Northern units of India, Viz: Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan - for your sympathy and support in our grim and fateful struggle against political crucifixion and complete annihilation.[2] / ”Quaid-e-Azam
“ / It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to understand the real nature of Islam and Hinduism. They are not religious in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders, and it is a dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality, and this misconception of one Indian nation has troubles and will lead India to destruction if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither intermarry nor interdine together and, indeed, they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their aspect on life and of life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Mussalmans derive their inspiration from different sources of history. They have different epics, different heroes, and different episodes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other and, likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built for the government of such a state.”[8]Composed by:
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