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UNIT STUDY GUIDE

Period 5: 1848-1877

Key Concepts

5.1: The United States became more connected with the world as it pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.

5.2: Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into civil war.

5.3: The Union victory in the Civil War and the contested Reconstruction of the South settled the issues of slavery and secession but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.

Key Terms

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Territorial and Economic Expansion

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Manifest Destiny

Industrial technology

Elias Howe

Samuel F.B. Morse

Railroads

Panic of 1857

Great American Desert

Mountain men

Far West

Overland trails

Mining frontier

Gold rush

Silver rush

Farming frontier

Urban frontier

Federal land grants

John Tyler

Oregon Territory

“Fifty-four Forty or Fight!”

James K. Polk

Wilmot Proviso

Franklin Pierce

Ostend Manifesto (1852)

Texas

Stephen Austin

Antonio López de Santa Anna

Sam Houston

Alamo

Aroostook War

Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)

Rio Grande; Nueces River

Mexican-American War (1846-1848)

Zachary Taylor

Stephen Kearney

Winfield Scott

John C. Frémont

California; Bear Flag Republic

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

Mexican Cession

Walker Expedition

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)

Gadsden Purchase (1853)

Foreign commerce

Exports and imports

Matthew C. Perry; Japan

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Sectional Tensions and the Collapse of the Union

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Free-soil movement

Free-soil Party

Conscience Whigs

“barnburners”

New England Emigrant Aid Company

“Bleeding Kansas”

Pottawatomie Creek

Lecompton constitution

Popular sovereignty

John C. Calhoun

Lewis Cass

Henry Clay

Zachary Taylor

Compromise of 1850

Stephen A. Douglas

Millard Fillmore

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Crittenden Compromise

Know-Nothing Party

Republican Party

James Buchanan

Election of 1860

secession

Fugitive Slave Law

Underground railroad

Harriet Tubman

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Roger Taney

Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln- Douglass debates

House-divided speech

Freeport Doctrine

Sumner-Brooks incident

John Brown

Harpers Ferry raid

Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Hinton R. Helper, Impending Crisis of the South

George Fitzhugh, Sociology of the South

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Civil War

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Boarder states

Confederate States of America

Jefferson Davis

Alexander H. Stephens

Second American Revolution

Greenbacks

Morrill Tariff Act (1861)

Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)

Pacific Railway Act (1862)

Homestead Act (1862)

Fort Sumter

Bull Run

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Winfield Scott

Anaconda Plan

George McClellan

Robert E. Lee

Antietam

Fredericksburg

Monitor vs. Merrimac

Ulysses S. Grant

Shiloh

David Farragut

Gettysburg

Vicksburg

Sherman’s March

Appomattox Court House

Executive power

Habeas corpus

insurrection

Confiscation Acts

Emancipation Proclamation

13th Amendment

Ex Parte Milligan

Draft riots

copperheads

election of 1864

Trent Affair

Alabama

Laird rams

John Wilkes Booth

Segregated black troops

Massachusetts 54th Regiment

Women in the workplace

Women in nursing

War’s long term effects

4 million freedmen

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Reconstruction

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Civil Rights Act of 1866

14th Amendment

Equal protection of the laws

Due process of law

15th Amendment

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Jay Gould

CréditMobilier

William “Boss” Tweed

Spoilsmen

Patronage

Thomas Nast

Liberal Republicans

Horace Greeley

Panic of 1873

Greenbacks

Redeemers

Rutherford B. Hayes

Samuel J. Tilden

Compromise of 1877

Presidential Reconstruction

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863)

Wade-Davis Bill (1864)

Andrew Johnson

Freedmen’s Bureau

Black Codes

Congressional Reconstruction

Radical Republicans

Charles Sumner

Thaddeus Stephens

Benjamin Wade

Reconstruction Acts (1867)

Tenure of Office Act (1867)

Edwin Stanton

Impeachment

Scalawags

Carpetbaggers

Blanche K. Bruce

Hiram Revels

Sharecropping

Ku Klux Klan

Force Acts (1870, 1871)

Amnesty Act of 1872

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Online Resources

  1. Crash Course Videos: