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UNIT STUDY GUIDE
Period 5: 1848-1877
Key Concepts
5.1: The United States became more connected with the world as it pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.
5.2: Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and political issues led the nation into civil war.
5.3: The Union victory in the Civil War and the contested Reconstruction of the South settled the issues of slavery and secession but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.
Key Terms
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Territorial and Economic Expansion
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Manifest Destiny
Industrial technology
Elias Howe
Samuel F.B. Morse
Railroads
Panic of 1857
Great American Desert
Mountain men
Far West
Overland trails
Mining frontier
Gold rush
Silver rush
Farming frontier
Urban frontier
Federal land grants
John Tyler
Oregon Territory
“Fifty-four Forty or Fight!”
James K. Polk
Wilmot Proviso
Franklin Pierce
Ostend Manifesto (1852)
Texas
Stephen Austin
Antonio López de Santa Anna
Sam Houston
Alamo
Aroostook War
Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)
Rio Grande; Nueces River
Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
Zachary Taylor
Stephen Kearney
Winfield Scott
John C. Frémont
California; Bear Flag Republic
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
Mexican Cession
Walker Expedition
Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)
Gadsden Purchase (1853)
Foreign commerce
Exports and imports
Matthew C. Perry; Japan
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Sectional Tensions and the Collapse of the Union
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Free-soil movement
Free-soil Party
Conscience Whigs
“barnburners”
New England Emigrant Aid Company
“Bleeding Kansas”
Pottawatomie Creek
Lecompton constitution
Popular sovereignty
John C. Calhoun
Lewis Cass
Henry Clay
Zachary Taylor
Compromise of 1850
Stephen A. Douglas
Millard Fillmore
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Crittenden Compromise
Know-Nothing Party
Republican Party
James Buchanan
Election of 1860
secession
Fugitive Slave Law
Underground railroad
Harriet Tubman
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Roger Taney
Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln- Douglass debates
House-divided speech
Freeport Doctrine
Sumner-Brooks incident
John Brown
Harpers Ferry raid
Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Hinton R. Helper, Impending Crisis of the South
George Fitzhugh, Sociology of the South
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Civil War
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Boarder states
Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis
Alexander H. Stephens
Second American Revolution
Greenbacks
Morrill Tariff Act (1861)
Morrill Land Grant Act (1862)
Pacific Railway Act (1862)
Homestead Act (1862)
Fort Sumter
Bull Run
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Winfield Scott
Anaconda Plan
George McClellan
Robert E. Lee
Antietam
Fredericksburg
Monitor vs. Merrimac
Ulysses S. Grant
Shiloh
David Farragut
Gettysburg
Vicksburg
Sherman’s March
Appomattox Court House
Executive power
Habeas corpus
insurrection
Confiscation Acts
Emancipation Proclamation
13th Amendment
Ex Parte Milligan
Draft riots
copperheads
election of 1864
Trent Affair
Alabama
Laird rams
John Wilkes Booth
Segregated black troops
Massachusetts 54th Regiment
Women in the workplace
Women in nursing
War’s long term effects
4 million freedmen
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Reconstruction
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
14th Amendment
Equal protection of the laws
Due process of law
15th Amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Jay Gould
CréditMobilier
William “Boss” Tweed
Spoilsmen
Patronage
Thomas Nast
Liberal Republicans
Horace Greeley
Panic of 1873
Greenbacks
Redeemers
Rutherford B. Hayes
Samuel J. Tilden
Compromise of 1877
Presidential Reconstruction
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (1863)
Wade-Davis Bill (1864)
Andrew Johnson
Freedmen’s Bureau
Black Codes
Congressional Reconstruction
Radical Republicans
Charles Sumner
Thaddeus Stephens
Benjamin Wade
Reconstruction Acts (1867)
Tenure of Office Act (1867)
Edwin Stanton
Impeachment
Scalawags
Carpetbaggers
Blanche K. Bruce
Hiram Revels
Sharecropping
Ku Klux Klan
Force Acts (1870, 1871)
Amnesty Act of 1872
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Online Resources
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