Greaves and Maley Review: further reading
Owing to the strict 100 reference limit for Nature articles, we were unable to provide references to all the important work in this field. This supplementary information provides some of these references.
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Cancer genomics:
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37. Campbell, P. J. et al. The patterns and dynamics of genomic instability in metastatic pancreatic cancer. Nature 467,1109–1113 (2010).
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40. Shah, S. P. et al. Mutational evolution in a lobular breast tumour profiled at single nucleotide resolution. Nature 461, 809–813 (2009).
Early work leading to Nowell’s clonal evolutionary theory of cancer
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Evidence of selection (on cancer stem cells) in therapeutic resistance:
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55. Mullighan, C. G. et al. Genomic analysis of the clonal origins of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Science 322, 1377–1380 (2008).
56. Bachas, C. et al. High-frequency type I/II mutational shifts between diagnosis and relapse are associated with outcome in pediatric AML: implications for personalized medicine. Blood 116, 2752–2758 (2010).
57. Shah, N. P. et al. Sequential ABL kinase inhibitor therapy selects for compound drug-resistant BCR-ABL mutations with altered oncogenic potency. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 2562–2569 (2007).
58. Seliger, B. Strategies of tumor immune evasion. BioDrugs 19, 347–354 (2005).
59. Turke, A. B. et al. Preexistence and clonal selection of MET amplification in EGFR
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60. Branford, S. et al. High frequency of point mutations clustered within the adenosine triphosphate-binding region of BCR/ABL in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia or Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia who develop imatinib (STI571) resistance. Blood 99, 3472–3475 (2002).
61. Carman, M. D. et al. Resistance to methotrexate due to gene amplification in a patient with acute leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol. 2, 16–20 (1984).
62. Chen, L. L. et al. A missense mutation in KIT kinase domain 1 correlates with imatinib resistance in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Res. 64, 5913–5919 (2004).
63. Edwards, J., Krishna, N. S., Witton, C. J. & Bartlett, J. M. Gene amplifications associated with the development of hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 5271–5281 (2003).
64. Engelman, J. A. et al. MET amplification leads to gefitinib resistance in lung cancer by activating ERBB3 signaling. Science 316, 1039–1043 (2007).
65. Gorre, M. E. et al. Clinical resistance to STI-571 cancer therapy caused by BCR-ABL gene mutation or amplification. Science 293, 876–880 (2001).
66. Horns, R. C., Jr., Dower, W. J. & Schimke, R. T. Gene amplification in a leukemic patient treated with methotrexate. J. Clin. Oncol. 2, 2–7 (1984).
67. Kobayashi, S. et al. EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N. Engl. J. Med. 352, 786–792 (2005).
68. Tamborini, E. et al. A new mutation in the KIT ATP pocket causes acquired resistance to imatinib in a gastrointestinal stromal tumor patient. Gastroenterology 127, 294–299 (2004).
69. Visakorpi, T. et al. In vivo amplification of the androgen receptor gene and progression of human prostate cancer. Nature Genet 9, 401–406 (1995).
70. Wang, T. L. et al. Digital karyotyping identifies thymidylate synthase amplification as a mechanism of resistance to 5-fluorouracil in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 3089–3094 (2004).
71. Taplin, M. E. et al. Selection for androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancers treated with androgen antagonist. Cancer Res. 59, 2511–2515 (1999).
Evolutionary methods useful for cancer biology:
72. Drummond, A. J., Ho, S. Y., Phillips, M. J. & Rambaut, A. Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence. PLoS Biol. 4, e88 (2006).
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80. Seo, T. K., Thorne, J. L., Hasegawa, M. & Kishino, H. A viral sampling design for testing the molecular clock and for estimating evolutionary rates and divergence times. Bioinformatics 18, 115–123 (2002).
Cancer stem cells and signatures of self-renewal:
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82. Yilmaz, O. H. et al. Pten dependence distinguishes haematopoietic stem cells from leukaemia-initiating cells. Nature 441, 475–482 (2006).
83. Ben-Porath, I. et al. An embryonic stem cell-like gene expression signature in poorly differentiated aggressive human tumors. Nature Genet. 40, 499–507 (2008).