UNIT 1 Final Exam Review
1. Paleolithic Era: What was Paleolithic Man’s greatest achievement?
2. Neolithic Era: What was the Agricultural Revolution?
Why did surplus food lead to civilization?
3. Mesopotamia: What was a ziggurat?
What was a votive figure?
What was Hammurabi’s Code?
4. Egypt: Who was Menses?
What is a “ka”?
What is “Ma’at”?
Who was Akenaton and what unique thing did he do?
How did Cleopatra fail to keep the Egyptian Empire alive?
5. Indus River Valley (India): Unique features
6. Ancient China
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
What were oracle shells and bones used for?
7. Meso-America
Why were the Olmecs known as the “Rubber People”?
What is a “blood culture”?
UNIT 2 Classical Era 600 BCE to 600 CE
1. Greek City States Athens Sparta How were they different?
What was the Hellenistic Era?
What influence did Athens have on Western civilization?
How did the Persian Wars unite Greece?
What was the Peloponnesian War?
What did Alexander the Great accomplish?
2. Persian Empire
Why was Cyrus the Great considered to be a great?
What is a satrap?
3. Rome (Republic and Empire)
What were the Punic Wars?
Describe the Roman Republic (patricians, plebeians, government structure)
Why did the Roman Republic fall?
What was Pax Romona?
Why was Augustus Caesar perhaps the greatest leader in world history?
How did Constantine the Great use Christianity to take over the Roman Empire?
What was the Edict of Milan?
What great city in the east became the “new” Rome?
Classical Era China
Zhou Dynasty
List three Zhou technologies
What was the 100 Schools Movement?
Explain: Legalism, Daoism, Confucianism
Qin Dynasty
What was the goal of the First Emperor (Shi Huangdi)?
Han Dynasty (202 BCE to 220)
List important Han tech
Why was Buddhism a threat to Han leaders?
How did the Silk Road make the Han rich?
Why were the Huns difficult to defeat?
UNIT 3 The Medieval World 600-1453
1. “Dark Ages of Europe”
What was feudalism?
How did the Catholic Church unite Europe after the fall of Rome?
2. Early Medieval Europe
Why is the Battle of Tours (732) so important?
What two European countries did Charlemagne unite?
3. Byzantine Empire (East Rome) 330 to 1453
Why was Emperor Justinian so famous?
Explain the term: “Caesar-o-papism”
Why did the Byzantines collapse by 1453?
4. Rise of Islam (Dar al-Islam)
How was Muhammad introduced to other world religions?
The life of Muhammad
Why did Islam spread so far, so quickly?
Islamic vocab: bedouins, hadith, “People of the Book”, “Night of Power , Abu Bakr,
Shittes, Sunni, jihad, Qur’an, hajj, jizyah, Ka’ba, Ali
5. Late Medieval Europe
Why did the Vikings help keep Europe in the Dark Ages?
What was The Hundred Years War
What were the Crusades?
6. Medieval Meso-America
Were the Maya a peaceful civilization?
What is a chinampa?
7. Medieval AP China
Why did Buddhism make the Tang Dynasty China’s “Golden Age”?
List three Song Dynasty technologies
8. Medieval Japan
How did the Bushido Code make Japan’s culture unique?
9. The Mongols
What tactics did the Mongols use to conquer the world?
Who was Genghis Khan?
Who was Kublai Khan? Marco Polo?
What was Pax Mongolica?
UNIT 4 Rise of the Modern World 1453 to 1776
1. The Renaissance (Europe)
-Florence and the Medici Family
-Leonardo -Michelangelo -Raphael
-Machiavelli
-Henry VIII
-Spanish Inquisition -Reconquista
2. Reformation
-Martin Luther -95 Theses (1517)
-Lutheranism
- Other Protestants: John Calvin
Counter-Reformation
-Council of Trent
-The Jesuits
3. Age of Discovery
-Columbus (1492)
-Portuguese explorers: Vasco da Gama
-Spanish explorers: Cortez Pizarro
-The Columbian Exchange
-The fall of the Aztecs -Cortes -Dona Maria
4. The Spanish New World
-encomienda system
- slavery
5. Other Euros in the New World
-Jamestown (1607)
-Mercantilism
6. Scientific Revolution
-Heliocentric system
-Copernicus
-Galileo
-Isaac Newton
7. The Enlightenment
-Voltaire
-John Locke
8. Absolutism
-King Louis XIV (Sun King)
-Constitutionalism -English Civil War -Execution of Charles I in 1649 by Cromwell
9. Rise of Russia
-Mongol Yoke
-Ivan the Terrible The Romanovs (1613-1917)
-Peter the Great
10. Ming Dynasty
-isolation
-Voyages of Zheng He
11. Gunpowder Empires
-Ottoman Empire -Sunni -janissaries -
-Mughal Empire (India) -Sikhism
12. Triangular Trade (Atlantic slave trade)
-Old Imperialism
-Middle passage
UNIT 5 1776 to 1900
I. Capitalism: Adam Smith/ “Wealth of Nations” (1776)
II. The American Revolution and the Constitutional Convention
1. Reasons for the revolution
2. The Constitutional Convention (1787) “Miracle in Philadelphia”
III. The French Revolution
1. Reasons for the revolution
2. The three estates
3. King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette
4. Danton, Robespierre and Marat
5. Charlotte Corday
6. Napoleon: Rise and Fall
IV. Haiti
-maroons, gens de couleur, Francois T. L’Ouverture
V. Qing Dynsaty (AP China)
1. The Manchus (queue hair-style, kowtow, foot-binding, racism)
2. Mccartney Expedition
3. Opium Wars and the “Unequal Treaties”
4. Japanese Invasion of China
5. Taiping Rebellion
-Who was Hong Xiuquan?
6. Boxer Rebellion
VI. Rise of Modern Japan
1. Matthew Perry and his Black Ships
2. Meiji Restoration
VII. Revolutions in Latin America
1. Simon Bolivar and Creole frustration
2. Jamaica Letter: An attack on mercantilism
3. Gran Columbia: Why did it fail?
4. Mexico: 1. Father Hidalgo and the Mexican War of Independence from Spain
VIII. Industrialization
1. Why was Britain first to industrialize?
3. Dark side of the Industrial Revolution
4. Industrial Revolution Economics: Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo and his “Iron Law of Wages”
5. Karl Marx: “Communist Manifesto”
IX. Imperialism (New Imperialism)
1. Berlin Conference of 1884 “Scramble for Africa”
2. Cecil Rhodes
3. Congo Free State:
4. India 1. The Sepoy Rebellion
2. Gandhi: Passive Resistance
UNIT 6
I. World War I
Causes of WWI: MAIN
Road to war: The Black Hand
Self-determination
The July Crisis
Schlieffen Plan
WWI ends: USA enters war 1. Lusitania 2. Zimmerman Telegram
Failed Peace: The Treaty of Versailles Ignoring of Wilson’s “Peace With Honor (14 Points) “War Guilt”, the Mandate System
II. The Russian Revolutions of 1917
February Revolution
International Women’s Day
Alexander Kerensky’s republic The Czar abdicates
October Revolution
Lenin’s April Thesis
Trotsky and Stalin
Lenin and the Bolsheviks return and take over Russia
Execution of the Czar and family
Red Army, War Communism, “Red Terror”, Cheka
Reasons why the Reds defeated the Whites
III. Mexican Revolution
1911 Revolution: Villa and Zapata
Success/Failures of Mexican Revolution
IV. Age of Anxiety (1918-1939)
The Rise/ fall of Hitler Beer Hall Putsch, Mein Kampf, Nuremberg Laws
V. World War II
Invasion of Poland
Operation Barbarossa
Stalingrad
D-Day Liberation of Paris
Battle of Berlin
The Holocaust
VI. AP China (Modern China)
Revolution of 1911: (Sun Yat-Sen and Pu Yi)
Chiang Kai-shek: KMT’s war against the communists
Rise of Mao Zedong (peasant leader)
Mao’s “Long March”
War with Japan and World War II
Mao’s Revolution of 1949 (“Red China”) Establishment of the PRC
Maoism
The Great Leap Forward (1958-1966)
The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
The Deng Xiaoping Era (1978-1997)
Modernization Capitalism
“It doesn’t matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice”
VII. Decolonization
India’s Independence
Gandhi
1930 Salt March
Independence: 1947
Partition of India India/East and West Pakistan Impact
VIII. The Middle East
Birth of Israel
Zionism, Dreyfus Affair, Balfour Declaration
IX. The Cold War
Yalta Conference
Potsdam Conference (failure)
“Iron Curtain”
Containment
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Berlin Crisis
NATO Warsaw Pact
Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam War
Fall of the Berlin wall (1989)
Fall of the Soviet Union (1991)
Gorbachev
Perestroka
Glasnost
1991 Revolution
KGB, Yeltsin, Rise of Putin (2000)