Weekly Overview: Week 1
HCS/245 Version 5 / 3

Weekly Overview

Week 1

Overview

In the first week, you will learn about signs and symptoms that affect different populations as it relates to disease and health. You will review common causes of disease across history to have a better understanding of the impact of diseases today. In order to do that, we will focus on various aspects including global travel, trade, and immigration, to name a few. Where these diseases come from and how we contain them will also be addressed. As we focus on trends and disease, it will be important to identify primary, secondary, and tertiary levels in our prevention and maintenance of health within these various populations.

What You Will Cover

Trends in Disease

1.  Identify disease trends that affect the population.

  1. What is disease?

1)  How do you define/describe it?

a)  Disease is used as a medical term to describe an illness or condition- the physician or health care provider listens or observes your symptoms and may run some tests and this is then labeled an illness or disease that they can use to frame treatment

  1. What is population?

2)  How is it defined and how would you describe/define population?

a)  Age

b)  Race

c)  Gender

d)  Socioeconomic

e)  Geographic details

f)  Cultural

  1. What is the effect that disease trends have on population?
  2. Political
  3. Political actions, laws/regulations enacted, defeated and/or ignored impact what type of healthcare will occur within the political area of influence.
  4. Immigration policy and international visitor
  5. Medicare/Medicaid, CHIP and other support system funding (local, state, federal)
  6. Funding prevention versus disease treatment
  7. Economic- Accessibility to health services, disease trends may be higher in low income countries.
  8. Social-Access to and acceptance of education about disease.
  9. Technology- to detect and treat diseases.
  10. Legal
  11. HIPAA (Health Information Portability and Accountability Act)
  12. Health care regulations-mandate those regulated must act in a specific manner.
  13. Example: Public health- sanitary rules/regulations
  14. Childhood immunizations
  15. Environmental-Conditions in which people live. Migration and immigration of people in a region.
  16. Demographic (study of populations)
  17. Increasing chronic diseases versus acute
  18. Graying of America- Baby Boomers
  19. General population
  20. Health care workers
  21. Poor versus Middle class versus Upper class access

2.  Describe the global impact of diseases today.

a.  Global travel and global trade have contributed to increased spread of many diseases.

1)  Travel

a)  Air travel ease and speed increasing the spread of disease

b)  Travel to countries with less sanitation than the United States

c)  Immigration from countries where the population lacks population health

d)  Travel to other countries for medical procedures

e)  Cultural and customs issues related to immigration populations

f)  Culture and Customs can impact how people react to an illness as well they may use home remedies as a first route to treat something

2)  Immigration

a)  Regulations

b)  Health checks

c)  Inoculation

d)  Immunization

3)  Aging – what is the impact of an aging population that is living longer?

a)  Population aging in general

b)  Change of health delivery

c)  Multigenerational homes

(1)  Building plans changing to accommodate such family types

d)  Pros- Social networking becomes important, more motivated

e)  Cons- Increased disease rates and depression, living.

4)  Trade

a)  Importing a large amount of our food and products from other countries

b)  Other countries can use pesticides banned in the United States

c)  Products – use of lead paint or contamination of products

(1)  Agricultural Issues

d)  Communication

(1)  Technology differences from nation to nation

5)  Environmental factors

a)  Natural disasters

(1)  Relocation

(2)  Migration

b)  Global climate changes

c)  Urbanization and living conditions

d)  Not exclusively environmental – aftermath of terrorism attacks

3.  Differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention

a.  Differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention

1)  Primary – pre-disease

a)  goal decrease new cases through health promotion, immunization

2)  Secondary – latent disease

a)  goal decrease severity/complications by recommending pre-symptomatic diagnosis & treatment

3)  Tertiary – symptomatic disease

a)  goal decrease impact/deaths by providing programs and support groups.

b.  Acute – usually short and self-limiting, but can escalate into more serious diseases

1)  Cold can become bronchitis or pneumonia

2)  Food poisoning – can have a devastating impact on children or the elderly and be much more severe

3)  Flu – can also have more of a severity impact on people who have other pre-existing conditions

4)  Fungus infection – i.e. valley fever

5)  Infectious disease – i.e. measles, shingles

6)  Communicable diseases

c.  Chronic - usually develops slowly and can last a long time; irreversible, yet with treatment, may result in a varying degree of quality of life; typically a progression from the acute stage

1)  Heart disease

2)  Hypertension/stroke

3)  Diabetes

4)  Cancer

5)  Tuberculosis

6)  Alzheimer’s

7)  Arthritis

8)  HIV or other related STDs

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