Chapter 5 – The Age of Contact

Section 1 – Europeans Reach the Americas (Pages 90 – 93)

  1. Name two products from Asia valued by Europeans.

SPICES AND CHINESE SILK

  1. Why were European nations anxious to find a sea route to Asia?

THE DANGERS OF THE OVERLAND ROUTE TO ASIA MADE THE SPICES AND THE SILK VERY EXPENSIVE

  1. Who gave Christopher Columbus the funding to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean?

KING FERDINAND AND QUEEN ISABELLA OF SPAIN

  1. What advantages helped the conquistadors conquer the Caribbean?

a. STEEL HELMETS AND ARMOR

b. GUNPOWDER AND GUNS

c. THE INDIANS HAD NEVER SEEN HORSES OR GUNS BEFORE

  1. What was the first Spanish settlement on the American mainland?

VERA CRUZ- IN MEXICO

  1. Who was the leader of the Aztec Empire?

MOCTEZUMA II

  1. Why did Hernan Cortes sink his ships?

TO MAKE CERTAIN THAT HIS SOLDIERS COULD NOT RETREAT

  1. How did Malintzin help Cortes defeat the Aztecs?

SHE CONVINCED MANY NATIVE AMERICANS TO JOIN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE AZTECS

  1. Where did Cortes build Mexico City?

ON TOP OF THE RUINS OF THE AZTEC CAPITAL, TENOCHTITLAN

  1. How were the Aztec Empire and Spanish America similar?

THE SPANISH AND AZTECS WERE BOTH EMPIRES CREATED BY CONQUERING OTHER PEOPLES

Section 2 – The Spanish Explore Texas (Pages 94 – 97)

  1. Who was the first known European to explore the Texas coast?

ALONSO ALVAREZ DE PINEDA

  1. How did American Indians describe Apalachie(APALACHEE)?

A REGION THAT WAS RICH IN GOLD

  1. What happened to Panfilo de Narvaez?

a. THEY FOUND NO GOLD

b. THEY BUILT SOME RAFTS AND WERE EVENTUALLY SHIPWRECKED AT GALVESTON

  1. What is significant about the year 1528 in Texas?

THE NARVAEZ EXPEDITION WAS SHIPWRECKED AT GALVESTON AND THE SURVIVORS, INCLUDING CABEZA DE VACA, MADE CONTACT WITH THE KARANKAWAS

  1. What Native Texan tribe helped the survivors of the Narvaez Expedition?

KARANKAWAS

  1. What happened to most of the Spanish soldiers during their first winter in Texas?

DIED FROM EXPOSURE TO THE WEATHER AND DISEASE

  1. What did Cabeza de Vaca do during his first two years in Texas to survive?

HE WORKED AS A SERVANT, TRADER AND HEALER

  1. How did the explorers become celebrated as healers by the Native Americans?

CABEZA DE VACA REMOVED AN ARROWHEAD FROM A WOUNDED INDIAN AND STITCHED IT UP

  1. How did Estevanico help the explorers survive?

HE BECAME SKILLED AT COMMUNICATING WITH NATIVE AMERICANS

  1. What did Cabeza de Vaca do in 1542?

HE PUBLISHED HIS STORIES OF HIS ADVENTURES IN AMERICA. IT WAS THE FIRST EUROPEAN DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND AND PEOPLE OF NORTH AMERICA

Section 3 – Searching For Cities of Gold (Pages 98 – 102)

  1. Who was sent to follow up on Cabeza de Vaca’s stories of gold?

A PRIEST – FRAY MARCOS

  1. Who went with Fray Marcos as a guide?

ESTEVANICO

  1. Who was sent to conquer Cibola?

CORONADO

  1. The cities of gold turned out to be villages of what Native tribe?

ZUNI

  1. Members of the Coronado expedition were the first Europeans to see what?

THE GRAND CANYON

  1. Who was the Turk?

AN INDIAN GUIDE WHO TOLD STORIES OF QUIVIRA- WHICH WAS SUPPOSED TO BE FILLED WITH GOLD

  1. What were Spanish explorers describing when they talked about “strange humpbacked cows”?

BUFFALO

  1. Why did Coronado have the Turk killed?

HE LIED ABOUT THE GOLD AT QUIVIRA

  1. What geographic features did Coronado see while crossing the Texas Panhandle?

PALO DURO CANYON

  1. Who became commander of the De Soto Expedition after his death?

LUIS DE MOSCOSO

  1. Why did Moscoso head back to Mexico City?

THE EXPEDITION DID NOT FIND ANY TREASURE

Section 4 – Consequences of Spanish Exploration (Pages 103 – 106)

  1. Why did Spanish officials lose interest in northern New Spain?

THE SPANISH DID NOT FIND ANY GOLD

  1. Who established the colony of New Mexico?

JUAN DE ONATE

  1. Why was the exploration of Texas important?

a. IT GAVE SPAIN A STRONG CLAIM TO THE AREA

b. SPAIN GAINED VALUABLE KNOWLEDGE OF THE LAND AND PEOPLE OF TEXAS

C. IT CHANGED THE LIVES OF TEXAS INDIANS

  1. Name two diseases spread to American Indians by the Europeans.

MEASLES AND SMALLPOX

  1. What was the Columbian Exchange?

THE TRANSFER OF PLANTS, ANIMALS AND DISEASES BETWEEN THE AMERICAS AND EUROPE

  1. How did the development of the Plains Indians horse culture effect the Spanish?

SPANISH LOST A MILITARY ADVANTAGE

TEXAS INDIANS COULD NOW MOVE MORE QUICKLY ALONG THE PLAIN

  1. What changed the relationship between the Apaches and Spanish?

THE APACHES NOW VIEWED THE SPANISH AS ENEMIES AND WOULD ATTACK SPANISH SETTLEMENTS

BOTH THE SPANISH AND THE APACHE VIEWED THE LAND AS THEIRS