Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life, Eleventh Edition

Pub Date: 1/5/16

Sociology: Exploring the Architecture of Everyday Life

Eleventh Edition

David M. Newman, DePauw University

ISBN:9781506305448

Pub Date:1/5/16Price:$95 Page Count: 560

Availability Dates

Sample Chapters Available Online: Chapter 1 and Chapter 2

Ancillaries:Yes

Course Cartridge: Yes

Vital Source eBook: Planned

Interactive E-book: No

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TABLE OF CONTENTS – SIDE BY SIDE COMPARISON

TENTH EDITION / ELEVENTH EDITION
PART I.THE INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETY 1
1. Taking a New Look at a Familiar World 3
Sociology and the Individual 6
The Insights of Sociology 8
The Sociological Imagination 9
Émile Durkheim: A Sociological View of Suicide 12
Conclusion 14
YOUR TURN 17
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 17
KEY TERMS 18
STUDENT STUDY SITE 18
2. Seeing and Thinking Sociologically 19
How Individuals Structure Society 20
Social Influence: The Impact of Other People in Our
Everyday Lives 23
Stanley Milgram: Ordinary People and Cruel Acts 25
Societal Influence: The Effect of Social Structure on Our
Everyday Lives 26
Statuses and Roles 26
Groups 28
Organizations 30
Social Institutions 30
Marion Nestle: The Economics and Politics of Food 34
Culture 35
Values 36
Micro-Macro Connection: Family Privacy Versus
Children’s Welfare 36
Norms 38
Social Structure in a Global Context 38
Three Perspectives on Social Order 39
The Structural-Functionalist Perspective 40
The Conflict Perspective 41
Symbolic Interactionism 42
Conclusion 43
YOUR TURN 43
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 44
KEY TERMS 44
STUDENT STUDY SITE 45
PART IITHE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF AND
SOCIETY 47
3. Building Reality: The Social Construction of
Knowledge 49
Understanding the Social Construction of Reality 50
Laying the Foundation: The Bases of Reality 52
Culture and Language 52
Micro-Macro Connection: The Language of War 56
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies 57
Faith and Incorrigible Propositions 58
Hugh Mehan and Houston Wood: The Infallible Oracle 59
Building the Walls: Conflict, Power, and Social Institutions
60
The Economics of Reality 60
The Politics of Reality 62
The Medium Is the Message 63
Moral Entrepreneurs 65
Appreciating the Contributions of Sociological Research
65
The Empirical Nature of Sociological Research 67
Qualitative and Quantitative Research 68
Theories, Variables, and Hypotheses 68
Modes of Research 70
Experiments 70
Field Research 71
Surveys 72
Unobtrusive Research 73
The Trustworthiness of Social Research 74
Samples 74
Micro-Macro Connection: The WEIRDest People in the
World 76
Indicators 76
Values, Interests, and Ethics in Sociological Research 77
Laud Humphreys: The Tearoom Trade 79
Conclusion 80
Visual Essay: Personal Billboards 81
YOUR TURN 90
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 90
KEY TERMS 91
STUDENT STUDY SITE 92
4. Building Order: Culture and History 93
Dimensions of Culture 95
Material and Nonmaterial Culture 95
Micro-Macro Connection: The Chair 96
Global Culture 97
Subcultures 99
Susan Blum: Plagiarism and the College Subculture 100
History: The “Archives” for Everyday Living 101
Cultural Expectations and Social Order 102
Micro-Macro Connection: Can You Hear Me Now? 104
Social Institutions and Cultural Norms 107
Micro-Macro Connection: I’ve Got a Feeling 108
Norms and Sanctions 109
Cultural Relativism and Ethnocentrism 110
Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo: The Economic Lives of
Poor People 111
Cultural Variation and Everyday Experience 113
Health and Illness 114
The Sexes 116
Conclusion 118
Visual Essay: Funeral Rituals in the Netherlands 119
YOUR TURN 129
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 129
KEY TERMS 130
STUDENT STUDY SITE 130
5. Building Identity: Socialization 131
Genes, Social Structure, and the Construction of Human
Beings 132
Socialization: Becoming Who We Are 134
The Acquisition of Self 134
The Differentiation of Self 135
Language Acquisition and the Looking-Glass Self 136
The Development of Role Taking 137
Resocialization 139
Spencer Cahill: The Professional Resocialization of
Funeral Directors 140
The Self in a Cultural Context 141
Socialization and Stratification: Growing Up With
Inequality 142
Social Class 142
Race and Ethnicity 143
Gender 145
Micro-Macro Connection: Girls’ Toys and Boys’ Toys 148
Institutions and Socialization 150
Education 150
Religion 152
Mass Media 154
Conclusion 157
YOUR TURN 157
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 158
KEY TERMS 158
STUDENT STUDY SITE 159
6. Supporting Identity: The Presentation of Self 161
Forming Impressions of Others 162
Social Group Membership 162
Physical Appearance 163
Is Beauty Only Skin Deep? 163
Sizing People Up 165
Verbal and Nonverbal Expression 168
Managing Impressions 168
Dramaturgy: Actors on a Social Stage 170
Front Stage and Back Stage 170
Peter Ubel: Elevator Talk Among Doctors and Nurses 170
Props 171
Image Making 172
The Alteration of Appearance 172
Political Portraits 174
Social Influences on Impression Management 176
Race and Ethnicity 176
Elijah Anderson: Streetwise 177
Social Status 178
Collective Impression Management 180
Mismanaging Impressions: Spoiled Identities 182
Embarrassment 182
Remedies for Spoiled Identities 183
Stigma 185
Conclusion 187
YOUR TURN 188
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 188
KEY TERMS 189
STUDENT STUDY SITE 189
7. Building Social Relationships: Intimacy and
Families 191
Life With Others 192
Micro-Macro Connection: That’s What (Facebook) Friends
Are For 193
Social Diversity and Intimate Choices 195
Exogamy 195
Endogamy 196
Religious Endogamy 196
Racial and Ethnic Endogamy 197
Social Class Endogamy 198
Family Life 199
Defining Family 199
Historical Trends in Family Life 200
Trends in Family Structure 201
Trends in Household Size 202
Trends in Divorce 203
Cultural Variation in Intimacy and Family 203
Family and Social Structure 206
How Other Institutions Influence Family 206
The Influence of Law and Politics 206
The Influence of Religion 208
The Influence of Economics 209
Micro-Macro Connection: Dual-Earner Households 210
How Social Diversity Influences Family 212
Mary Pattillo-McCoy: Privilege and Peril in Middle-Class
Black Families 213
Family Challenges 214
Divorce 214
The Normalization of Divorce 215
Children, Divorce, and Single Parenting 217
Remarriage and Stepfamilies 219
Family Violence 220
Intimate-Partner Violence 220
Child Abuse 221
Intimate Violence in a Cultural Context 221
Personal and Institutional Responses to Intimate Violence
223
Conclusion 224
Visual Essay: The Blending of America: Mixed Race 225
YOUR TURN 229
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 229
KEY TERMS 230
STUDENT STUDY SITE 230
8. Constructing Difference: Social Deviance 231
Defining Deviance 233
Absolutist Definitions of Deviance 233
Relativist Definitions of Deviance 236
The Elements of Deviance 239
Micro-Macro Connection: Sexual Abuse and the Clergy
240
Explaining Deviant Behavior 242
Deterring Deviance 242
Labeling Deviants 244
Nancy Herman: Becoming an Ex-Crazy 247
Linking Power, Deviance, and Social Control 248
The Criminalization of Deviance 248
The Social Reality of Crime 250
Corporate and White Collar Crime 252
The Menace of “Illegal” Drugs 255
The Medicalization of Deviance 258
Individualizing Complex Social Issues 259
Micro-Macro Connection: The Pharmaceutical Personality
261
Depoliticizing Deviance 263
Conclusion 264
Visual Essay: Juvenile in Justice 265
YOUR TURN 270
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 271
KEY TERMS 271
STUDENT STUDY SITE 271
PART III SOCIAL STRUCTURE, INSTITUTIONS, AND
EVERYDAY LIFE 273
9. The Structure of Society: Organizations, Social
Institutions, and Globalization 275
Social Structure and Everyday Life 276
Micro-Macro Connection: Social Structure and
Catastrophe 278
Social Dilemmas: Individual Interests and Structural
Needs 281
The Tragedy of the Commons 282
The Free-Rider Problem 283
Solutions to Social Dilemmas 284
The Structure of Formal Organizations 285
Bureaucracies: Playing by the Rules 286
George Ritzer: The McDonaldization of Society 287
The Hierarchical Makeup of Organizations 289
The Upper Echelons 289
The Middle Ground 290
The Lower Echelons 291
The Construction of Organizational Reality 292
Organizations and Institutions 294
Organizational Networks Within Institutions 294
Micro-Macro Connection: The U.S. Health Care System
295
Institutional Pressures Toward Similarity 296
Globalization and Social Institutions 297
Economics 297
Education 300
Religion 302
Conclusion 304
Visual Essay: The Trail of the Tomato 305
YOUR TURN 313
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 313
KEY TERMS 314
STUDENT STUDY SITE 314
10. The Architecture of Stratification: Social Class
and Inequality 315
Stratification Systems 316
Slavery 316
Micro-Macro Connection: Buying and Selling Humans 317
Caste Systems 318
Estate Systems 318
Social Class Systems 319
Sociological Perspectives on Stratification 319
The Structural-Functionalist View of Stratification 320
The Conflict View of Stratification 321
The Marxian Class Model 322
Neo-Marxist Models of Stratification 323
Weber’s Model of Stratification 325
Class Inequality in the United States 326
Class and Everyday Life 326
Class Distinctions 328
The Upper Class 328
The Middle Class 329
The Working Class 331
Mike Rose: The Mind at Work 332
The Poor 333
What Poverty Means in the United States 333
The Poverty Line 334
The Near-Poor 335
The Poverty Rate 336
The Consequences of Poverty 338
Poverty and Health 338
Poverty and Education 340
Out on the Streets 341
Why Poverty Persists 341
Enduring Disparities in Income and Wealth 342
The Social “Benefits” of Poverty 344
The Ideology of Competitive Individualism 345
The Culture of Poverty 346
Global Development and Inequality 348
The Global Economic Gap 348
Micro-Macro Connection: The Global Health Divide 348
Explanations for Global Stratification 349
Global Financial Organizations 350
Multinational Corporations 351
Conclusion 354
YOUR TURN 355
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 355
KEY TERMS 356
STUDENT STUDY SITE 357
11. The Architecture of Inequality: Race and Ethnicity
359
Race and Ethnicity: More Than Just Biology 361
Micro-Macro Connection: Why Isn’t Barack Obama
White? 364
Histories of Oppression and Inequality 365
Native Americans 366
Latino/as 367
African Americans 367
Asian Americans 369
Muslim Americans 370
Racial and Ethnic Relations 372
Personal Racism 372
Stereotypes 372
Prejudice and Discrimination 373
The Privilege of Having No Color 375
Class, Race, and Discrimination 376
Quiet Racism 377
Joe Feagin and Eileen O’Brien: Wealthy White Men on
Race 378
The Cultural Ideology of Racism 380
Racism in Language 380
The Myth of Innate Racial Inferiority 381
Micro-Macro Connection: Racial Superiority and the
Dominant Black Athlete 383
Institutional Racism: Injustice Built Into the System 385
Micro-Macro Connection: A House Divided—Residential
Discrimination 386
Racial Inequality in the Economic System 387
Racial Inequality in the Health Care System 389
Racial Inequality in the Educational System 392
Remedies for Institutional Racism 395
Global Perspectives on Racism 397
Conclusion 400
Visual Essay: “Civilizing” the Indians 401
YOUR TURN 407
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 407
KEY TERMS 407
STUDENT STUDY SITE 408
12. The Architecture of Inequality: Sex and Gender
409
Sexism at the Personal Level 410
Sexism and Social Interaction 411
Laura Miller: Gender, Power, and Harassment in the U.S.
Military 414
Sexual Orientation 415
Violence Against Women 416
Rape as a Means of Social Control 416
Victim Blaming 417
The Ideology of Sexism: Biology as Destiny 420
Institutions and Gender Inequality 423
Masculinized Institutions 423
Gender Inequality in Health and Health Care 424
Gender Inequality in the Media 426
Micro-Macro Connection: Can Media Images Be
Hazardous to Your Health? 427
Gender Inequality in Families 428
Gender Inequality in Education 431
Gender Inequality in the Economy 433
Segregation in the Workplace 434
The Wage Gap 436
The Global Devaluation of Women 438
Conclusion 440
YOUR TURN 441
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 441
KEY TERMS 442
STUDENT STUDY SITE 442
13. Demographic Dynamics: Population Trends 443
The Influence of Birth Cohorts 444
Baby Boomers 446
Generation X 447
The Millennium Generation 447
Micro-Macro Connection: Generation Wars? 449
Demographic Dynamics 450
Population Growth 450
Global Imbalances in Population Growth 450
Politics, Culture, and Population Growth 453
Age Structure 455
Geographic Distribution 457
Migration Within a Country 457
Migration From One Country to Another 458
Population Trends in the United States 459
Immigration and the Changing Face of the United States
460
The Immigrant Surge 460
Social Responses to Immigrants 461
Micro-Macro Connection: The Peculiar Politics of
Immigration 462
The “Graying” of the United States 464
Conclusion 466
Visual Essay: Immigrant Nation 468
YOUR TURN 477
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 478
KEY TERMS 478
STUDENT STUDY SITE 479
14. Architects of Change: Reconstructing Society 481
Social Change 483
Micro-Macro Connection: Parental Pressure in Childhood
Sports 485
The Speed of Social Change 486
Causes of Social Change 487
Environmental and Population Pressures 488
Cultural and Technological Innovation 488
Micro-Macro Connection: Technology and the Erosion of
Privacy 490
Diffusion of Technologies and Cultural Practices 493
Social Movements 494
Types of Social Movements 494
Elements of Social Movements 496
Ideology 497
Rising Expectations 500
Resource Mobilization 500
Bureaucratization 502
Political Opportunity Structure 502
The Sociological Imagination Revisited 504
Conclusion and Farewell 506
YOUR TURN 507
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 508
KEY TERMS 508
STUDENT STUDY SITE 509
References 511
Photo Credits 575
Glossary/Index 577 / Part I The Individual and Society
1 Taking a New Look at a Familiar World 2
Sociology and the Individual 5
The Insights of Sociology 9
The Sociological Imagination 10
Émile Durkheim:
A Sociological View of Suicide 13
Conclusion 15
YOUR TURN18
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 18
KEY TERMS 19
STUDENT STUDY SITE 19
2 Seeing and Thinking Sociologically 20
How Individuals Structure Society 21
Social Influence: The Impact of OtherPeople in Our Everyday Lives 24
Stanley Milgram: OrdinaryPeople and Cruel Acts 26
Societal Influence: The Effect of SocialStructure on Our Everyday Lives 27
Statuses and Roles 27
Groups 29
Organizations 30
Social Institutions 32
Marion Nestle: The Economicsand Politics of Food 35
Culture 36
Values 37
Micro-Macro Connection: FamilyPrivacy Versus Children’s Welfare 38
Norms 37
Social Structure in a Global Context 37
Three Perspectives on Social Order 40
The Structural-FunctionalistPerspective 41
The Conflict Perspective 42
Symbolic Interactionism 43
Conclusion 44
YOUR TURN44
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 45
KEY TERMS 45
STUDENT STUDY SITE 46
Part II The Construction of Self and Society 47
3 Building Reality: The Social Construction of Knowledge 48
Understanding the Social Constructionof Reality 49
Laying the Foundation: The Bases ofReality 51
Culture and Language 51
Micro-Macro Connection:The Language of War 55
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies 56
Faith and Incorrigible Propositions 58
Hugh Mehan and Houston Wood:The Infallible Oracle 58
Building the Walls: Conflict, Power,and Social Institutions 59
The Economics of Reality 60
The Politics of Reality 62
The Medium Is the Message 63
Moral Entrepreneurs 65
Appreciating the Contributions ofSociological Research 66
The Empirical Nature of SociologicalResearch 67
Qualitative and Quantitative Research 68
Theories, Variables, and Hypotheses 68
Modes of Research 70
Experiments 70
Field Research 71
Surveys 72
Unobtrusive Research 72
The Trustworthiness of Social Research 74
Samples 75
Micro-Macro Connection: TheWEIRDest People in the World 76
Indicators 75
Values, Interests, and Ethics inSociological Research 77
Laud Humphreys: The Tearoom Trade 79
Conclusion 79
YOUR TURN 80
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 80
KEY TERMS 81
STUDENT STUDY SITE 82
4 Building Order: Culture and History 83
Dimensions of Culture 85
Material and Nonmaterial Culture 85
Micro-Macro Connection: The Chair 87
Global Culture 86
Subcultures 89
Susan Blum: Plagiarism and theCollege Subculture 90
History: The “Archives” for EverydayLiving 91
Cultural Expectations and Social Order 92
Micro-Macro Connection: CanYou Hear Me Now? 94
Social Institutions and Cultural Norms 93
Micro-Macro Connection:I’ve Got a Feeling 98
Norms and Sanctions 97
Cultural Relativism and Ethnocentrism 100
Abhijit Banerjee and EstherDuflo: The Economic Lives
of Poor People 101
Cultural Variation and EverydayExperience 103
Health and Illness 104
The Sexes 107
Conclusion 110
YOUR TURN110
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 111
KEY TERMS 112
STUDENT STUDY SITE 112
5 Building Identity: Socialization 113
Genes, Social Structure, andthe Construction of Human Beings 114
Socialization: Becoming You 116
The Acquisition of Self 116
The Differentiation of Self 117
Language Acquisition and theLooking-Glass Self 118
The Development of Role Taking 119
Resocialization 121
Spencer Cahill: The ProfessionalResocialization of FuneralDirectors 121
The Self in a Cultural Context 123
Socialization and Stratification:Growing Up With Inequality 123
Social Class 124
Race and Ethnicity 125
Gender 126
Micro-Macro Connection:Girls’ Toys and Boys’ Toys 130
Institutions and Socialization 129
Education 129
Religion 134
Mass Media 136
Conclusion 140
YOUR TURN140
CHAPTER HIGHLIGHTS 141
KEY TERMS 142
STUDENT STUDY SITE 142
6 Supporting Identity: The Presentation of Self 143
Forming Impressions of Others 144
Social Group Membership 144
Physical Appearance 145
Is Beauty Only Skin Deep? 145
Sizing People Up 151
Verbal and Nonverbal Expression 151
Managing Impressions 151
Dramaturgy: Actors on a Social Stage 153
Front Stage and Back Stage 153
Peter Ubel: Elevator Talk AmongDoctors and Nurses 154
Props 155
Image Making 155
The Alteration of Appearance 155
Political Portraits 156
Social Influences on ImpressionManagement 159
Race and Ethnicity 159
Elijah Anderson: Streetwise 160
Social Status 161
Collective Impression Management 163