Atomic Study Guide - H Chemistry - KEY
- Complete the following table:
Element / Symbol / Atomic # / Mass # / # of protons / # of electrons / # of neutrons
rhodium / Rh / 45 / 103 / 45 / 45 / 58
mercury / Hg / 80 / 201 / 80 / 80 / 121
chlorine / Cl / 17 / 35 / 17 / 17 / 18
- Complete the following table:
Isotope / Symbol / Atomic # / Mass # / # of protons / # of electrons / # of neutrons
selenium-79 / 79Se / 34 / 79 / 34 / 34 / 45
rubidium-85 / 85Rb / 37 / 85 / 37 / 37 / 48
palladium-107 / 107Pd / 46 / 107 / 46 / 46 / 61
- Complete the following table:
element name / symbol & charge of ion formed / ion name / Cation (+) or anion (-)? / Metal or nonmetal?
potassium / K+ / potassium ion / cation / metal
sulfur / S2- / sulfide ion / anion / nonmetal
bromine / Br- / bromide ion / anion / nonmetal
iron / Fe3+ / iron ion / cation / metal
4. True/False: Write the letter T or F in the space provided by each statement.
F Atoms of the same element have the same number of neutrons in the nucleus.
T The mass of a proton is approximately equal to the mass of a neutron.
T Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus.
T Atoms of elements are electrically neutral.
F The mass of an electron is approximately equal to the mass of a neutron.
F When an electron is excited it travels to a higher energy level. When it falls back down it releases a proton.
5. State the group number(s) and one fact about each of the following families of elements:
a.) alkali metals – group 1 – one valence electron, very reactive
b.) alkaline earth metals – group 2 – abundant in earth
c.) transition metals – groups 3-12 – necessary for life’s processes
d.) halogens – group 17 – “salt formers”, seven valence electrons
e.) noble gases – group 18 – relatively inert, gases at room temperature
6. Explain the contribution to the scientific community made by each individual listed below:
a.)Democritus – first theorized concept of atom (“indivisible units” of matter)
b.)Thompson and Millikan – discovered electrons
c.)Rutherford – discovered positively charged nucleus
d.)Bohr – solar system model of atoms, energy levels at increasing distance from nucleus
e.)Mendeleev – first periodic table of elements
f.)Moseley – today’s periodic table (arranged by atomic number)
7. Evaluate each part of Dalton’s Atomic Theory listed below. State which points are still completely supported by the scientific community today, and explain why some of the points were disproved or clarified.
a.)All elements are made of tiny atoms. Completely supported
b.)Atoms cannot be subdivided. Atoms can be subdivided (protons, neutrons, electrons, etc.) but particles do not retain properties of the element
c.)Atoms of the same element are exactly alike. Atoms of same element are similar, but can have different numbers of neutrons (isotopes)
d.)Atoms of different elements can join to form molecules. Completely supported
8. Write the complete and abbreviated electron configurations for the following atoms and ions:
a.)Mg1s22s22p63s2[Ne]3s2
b.)Mg2+1s22s22p6[Ne]
c.)Mn1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5[Ar] 4s23d5
d.)
9. Draw the orbital diagram and the Lewis dot diagram for the following elements:
a)He He – two dots to the right
1s
b)Si _ _ __Si – four dots – 2 right, 1 up, 1 left
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
c)Ti Ti - 2 dots to the right
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d