TOSSUPS – packet on behalf of Jim Baker’s teamMOC MASTERS 2006 -- UT-CHATTANOOGA
Questions by Seth Kendall
1.In his On Music chapter 16 Plutarch cites Aristoxenus in recording that this poet invented the Mixolydian meter, and may have shared the face of follow-countryman Alcaeus who was exiled to Syracuse when Pittacus took over the government of Mytilene. Fragmentary biographies like the Suda and the some of the Oxyrynchus Papyri record at least one brother whose affair with the courtesan Rhodopsis was the subject of at least one fragmentary poem, while others include a Hymn to Aphrodite begging the goddess to reverse the lack of affection displayed by a nameless girl who is perhaps the Anaktoria of other poems. For 10 points name this poet who probably did not commit suicide over the boatman Phaon but who probably was at least bisexual, which is why many of the poems that caused Plato to label her the “Tenth Muse” deal with her sexual passion for several girls on her home island of Lesbos.
Answer:Sappho
2.In 1973 it was shown that phenyl sulfones can be reacted with aldehydes to produce these, a reaction named for its discoverer Marc Julia, while one can be produced along with a tertiary amine by means of treating an amine with methyl iodide and then with silver oxide, water, and heat via the Hofmann elminiation. During a study of carbanions it was discovered that a substituted phosphine oxide as well as these compounds can be produced by reaction of certain ylides [ill ids] react with carbonyl compounds these compounds, set of reactions known as Wittig reactions, and a law describing how halogens are fixed to unsymmetrical ones through a carbon atom is known as Markovnikov’s Rule. Classified either by the number of double bonds per molecule or as either cyclic or acyclic, in which the double bond is located between carbon atoms forming part of an open-chain grouping, for 10 points name these compounds which consist of any unsaturated hydrocarbon containing one or more pairs of carbon atoms linked by a double bond.
Answer:olefin (accept alkene)
3.Among the works of this philosopher are a series of encomia on Leibniz entitled Philosophical Speeches. His other works include Letters of Feeling and Evidence in Metaphysics. Originally holding the surname Dessau, the name by which he is better-known is a Germanized patronymic, he was once driven to a nervous breakdown by J.C. Lavater’s challenge that he convert to Christianity unless he could successfully refute Charles Bonnet’s arguments in favor of it. On recovering, he reasserted his faith in works like On the Civil Improvements of Jews and Jerusalem, though his son Abraham would raise this man’s famous grandson a Christian. The model for his friend Gotthold Lessing’s Nathan the Wise, for 10 points name this philosopher and author of the platonically-inspired Phaedo and a defense of Leibniz’s theism entitled Morning Hours, also the grandfather of the composer Felix.
Answer: Moses Mendelssohn
4.The economic prosperity of this empire was aided by the Dyula and Wangara traders and by its own abundant mineral resources, as illustrated by a famous pilgrimage by one of their leaders which briefly crippledd the trade in precious metals in Cairo for much of the 1320s. Its origins lay in the activity of their founder, who defeated his uncle the king of the Susu at the Battle of Karina, moved his people’s capital to Niana, and converted to Islam, a faith strongly embraced by his famous grandson. Eventually toppled by internal revolts of peoples like the Taureg and ultimately the Songhai, for 10 points name this people most notable for their activities in the reigns of their kings Sundiata and Mansa Musa.
Answer: Mali
5.Some of its historical inaccuracies are real howlers for the discriminating viewer, including one in which an appeal for a correct vote is made to a man “who handed down so many wise decisions from the bench” even though in reality he had never yet served as a judge, as well as a climactic scene in which an all-night ride was attributed to absence due to cancer, when in fact the man in question was serving as a general of the Delaware militia at the time. The DVD version restored a scene originally cut by Jack Warner himself at the request of Richard Nixon, the number “Cool, Cool Considerate Men”. Fortunately most of the film is left as is, including such great numbers as “Yours, yours, yours”, “Mamma, Look Sharp”, and “Molasses to Rum”. Featuring the fine acting and singing of Ken Howard, Howard da Silva, and William Daniels as Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams, for 10 points name this musical named for the year of the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
Answer:1776
6.Some have argued that the nervousness exhibited in this man’s works was the result of a childhood which one critic described as being filled with a “half-mad father who terrified him with fear of the devil”, and it is true that there are very few of his works which do not have an undercurrent of the macabre, even ones as ostensibly about love as Woman in Three Stages, Cupido, and Amor and Psyche. More evident of his outlook on life can be found in Jealousy, Love and Pain which features a woman literally devouring a lover and for that reason is sometimes called The Vampire, and Spring Evening on Karl Johann Street, while even paintings which were less stark in the original he managed to alter in the woodcuts he made of them, greatly altering his otherwise lovely Madonna by adding a sickly fetus to it. For 10 points name this painter, also known for Puberty and Anxiety but far and away better known for his many versions on canvas or wood of The Scream.
Answer:Edvard Munch
7.It has been invoked to explain the unfortunate incident of battery memory that prevents full charging, since the chemicals in some batteries do not deplete fully and thus ordinary charge cannot get them to overcome their “medium power” setting. Positive uses of this effect include the so-called Schmitt trigger, which has settings for high and low output based on input but will continue to use the high-output setting even if the input is gradually decreased, as well as certain kinds of brakes on vehicles made by rubber, since the jolt of a landing is not immediately transferred by a sudden decompression of the rubber. Variable melt and freeze rate liquids such as agar will also display this property, such as occurs when agar is brought to 40 degrees Celsius and will remain either solid or liquid depending on whether it is being cooled or raised to that temperature, and ferromagnetic materials display it best in the form of remanance, whereby these materials will retain a magnetic charge for a time even after the magnetic field has been removed. For 10 points name this term which can essentially be defined as the lag in certain materials in their return to their original state after the forces affecting that state has been removed.
Answer: Hysteresis
8.Among his more eclectic publications are The Bond Affair and studies of Peanuts and Charlie Brown. His recent works include The Search for the Perfect Language and The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas, as well as a sequel to a more famous work that discusses the reaction of linguistic and perceptual meaning when confronted with the unencountered. This is the substance of 1997’s Kant and the Platypus, and critical to his approach to literature is the proper relationship of the work of art to those who encounter it which he explores in his The Role of The Reader, and he is likewise a staunch opponent of Deconstruction, which he attacks in his Interpretation and Overinterpretation. Perhaps best known for theories found in works like The Open Work, The Limits of Interpretation, and A Theory of Semiotics, for 10 points name this critic and novelist, whose more purely literary works include The Island of the Day Before, The Name of the Rose and Folcault’s Pendulum.
Answer: Umberto Eco
9.Its final action was a rout largely led by Colonel Henry Dodge which turned into a massacre, with even those attempting to flee that engagement slaughtered by rivals across a branch of the Mississippi where it was fought. A few days later its overall leader was captured and led East under guard by a young Jefferson Davis, who apparently impressed his captive. Hostilities were precipitated by the unauthorised occupation by the village Saukenuk during the hunting season, and hostilities began at Stillman’s Run, where a misunderstanding about a surrender flag was misinterpreted and did much to precipitate the final battle fought shortly after the battle of Wisconsin Heights. Led on the one hand by General Henry Atkinson and ultimately decided when a gunboat fired on a party raising the surrender flag that resulted in the Battle of the Bad Axe River, this is, for 10 points, what 1832 war which saw the defeat of the Sauk and Fox under the Illinois chieftain for whom the war was named?
Answer: Black Hawk War
10.His name means “Hanged”, a reference to his early identification with Odin who was once offered sacrifices of men and animals hanged from trees and who in some myths is this god’s son, though in others he is the son of the giant Hymir. Named by a rune which essentially is an up-arrow, symbolic of a spear which shows his status as a god of war, Loki’s hatred of him caused him to taunt this god by claiming to have fathered a child on his wife, an enmity that likely began when this god played a key role in binding one of Loki’s offspring and in the process earned a permanent wound. For 10 points name this god who will slay Garm at Ragnarok presumably with his left hand, having had his right bitten off by Fenris while the gods bound him with Gleipnir.
Answer:Tyr (or “Tiu”, “Tiwaz”; if it sounds close and begins with a “T”, accept it)
11.His most famous discovery was later investigated more fully by Luis Valcarcel in 1934 and by Paul Fejos seven years later, though his belief that he had actually found the main object of his quest has since come to be disbelieved in deference to another site known as Espiritu Pampa. Sparked by his initial interest to provide topography for the history courses he was then teaching at Yale, this man developed a determination to find the place known in legend as as Choquequirau, the “Cradle of Gold” which he believed to be near the Urubamba River valley, and while he did make a mammoth discovery near the so-called “Old Peak” modern scholars have come to believe that this was not Vilcabamba. For 10 points name this archaeologist, who nevertheless made his mark for his discovery of Macchu Pichu
Answer:Hiram Bingham
12.Among his earlier works are a bitter exposé of the motion picture industry featuring the character Sergius O’Shaughnessy who also figured in an abandoned novel Advertisements for Myself on the Way Out, which he later turned into a collection of autobiographical pieces. In addition to Deer Park, poetry collections like Deaths for the Ladies, and a novel about everyday life in Pharaonic Egypt entitled Ancient Evenings, he is notable for such personal exploits as running for Mayor of New York on the “No More Bullshit” platform. But he is far better known for his New Journalism account of a 1967 Peace March on the Pentagon, another about a killing spree in Utah and the trial of the killer, and a vivid fictional account of the survival of men from a platoon storming a Japanese island during World War II. For 10 points name this author of Armies of the Night, Executioner’s Song, and The Naked and the Dead.
Answer:Norman Mailer
13.In comparison to non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs this drug has a higher tendency towards causing rebound headaches, has a lower therapeutic index such that a helpful dose is very close to being a poisonous one, and in particular is subject to becoming toxic in the presence of alcohol which helps its metabolic product Cytochrome P450 2E1 produce a lethal compound, and hence should not be used to reduce handgovers. A metabolite of phenactin also known as para-hydroxyacetanalide and paracetamol, an isolated study in the European Journal of Pharmacology has suggested its analgesic properties are due to its elevation of the availability of serotonin, though it is most commonly accepted that it acts as a pain reliever by raising the body's overall pain threshold and a fever-depressant by tinkering with the brain's temperature regulator. For 10 points name this painkilling drug, usually sold under the name Tylenol.
Answer: Acetaminophen
14.At the end of his life this man was serving a former bitter enemy as governor of Magnesia, where his service there was so admirable that they worshipped him as a god there and later struck coins showing him with a drinking dish in one hand and a knife with which he has killed a bull in the other, possibly giving rise to the account later much ridiculed by Roman authors that this man ended his life by drinking bull’s blood. Among his accomplishments is employing the first town planner in history, Hippodamus of Miletus, to lay out the Piraeus, also in line with his other major accomplishments, which was to build a vast navy with revenue from Athenians silver mines and command it at a naval battle where he won his greatest fame. For 10 points name this man, actually the subordinate of Eurybiades when he used trickery to convince Xerxes, to whom he was later exiled, to give battle and ultimately lose at Salamis.
Answer:Themistocles
15.He was cripplingly shy and according to his daughter Imogen, herself later a composer and arranger of note, he was prone to depression, which is audible in such pieces as Ode to Death, Hymn to Jesus, and Fugal Overture. But he was not without a sense of humor, as seen in his parody of Wagnerian opera The Perfect Fool and the Shakespeare-inspired opera At the Boar’s Head. His interest in eastern mysticism is apparent in such works as Hymns from the Rig-Veda as well as his opera Savitri, and while his own favorite work was Egdon Heath, his most popular is a suite briefly inspired by his interest in astrology. For 10 points name this composer of The Planets.
Answer:Gustav Holst
16.Among her later children are the scorpion man and centaur, while among her earliest are the pair Lahmu and Lahamu as well as her firstborn who becomes her husband after the death of her first husband at the hands of Ea. That first husband was killed when his royal counsellor, Mummu, advised him on a dangerous course of action with which she did not agree, and she was likewise reluctant to avenge the slain Apsu but was pressured by Kingu into a second attempt to destroy the younger gods that led to her own death at the hands of Ea’s son who used her body to create the sky and the sea. For 10 points name this salt-water goddess of Babylonian myth, a central figure of the Enuma Elish which describes her death at the hands of Marduk.
Answer:Tiamat
17.The terminus of their western expansion was perhaps Milan, which they briefly occupied in 899 before leaving upon receiving sufficient bribes, and they were successful first because western heavy cavalry did not initially succeed against their light cavalry armed with a slightly curved sword adopted from the Alans, maces, and straighter bows. Despite the legend of their Middle Eastern origin, in reality these people were of Finn-Ugaric origins who were driven into Europe by the Petchenegs and Bulgars, and among their famous rulers were Duke Geyza and Stephen, who defended his homeland from takeover by the Holy Roman Empire and was later canonised, though it was under their chieftain or “gyula” named Lél that they suffered their most famous defeat in 955. Beaten at Lechfeld in that year by Otto the Great just as they had been defeated at Riade in 933 by Otto’s father Henry the Fowler, For 10 points name this people whose most famous ruler, Árpád, led them into the area where their “Ten Arrows” Confederacy, or “Onagur”, still names their homeland, Hungary.
Answer:Magyars
18.One of the men by this name worked on the function of the hypothalamus and showed how stimulating it with electricity could produce changes in body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual arousal, for which he shared the 1949 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with Egas Moniz. Another demonstrated that the radiation intensity in the atmosphere increased with height during hot-air balloon tests and won the 1936 Nobel Prize in physics with Carl Anderson for his discovery of cosmic rays, while another was a Swedish-born Russian chemist who formulated the law of constant heat summation. For 10 points give the surname of Walter, Victor, and Germain, the latter of whom is namesake of the law stating that “heat developed in a given chemical change is constant independent of whether the changes occur in one stage or many”.