Predictors of Low Bone Mineral Density of the Stroke-affected Hip among Ambulatory Individuals with Chronic Stroke

Susan Marzolini PhD1, William McIlroy PhD1,2,3Ada Tang PhD2,4,5 Dale Corbett PhD2,6, B. Catharine Craven, MD1, Paul I. Oh MD1,2, Dina Brooks PhD1,2,7

1Toronto Rehabilitation Institute/University Health Network;2Heart and Stroke Foundation, Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery;3Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo; 4School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University; 5Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton 6Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa 7Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto

Journal: Osteoporosis International

Correspondence:

Susan Marzolini

Online Resource 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients with and without Low BMD of the Affected Side Hip

Characteristic / Low Hip BMD
N=15 / Normal Hip BMD
N=28 / P value
Hip BMD, g/cm2 / 0.791±0.089 / 1.02±0.121 / <0.001
Hip T-score / -1.61±0.44 / 0.21±0.89 / <0.001
Age, years / 61.7±13.5 / 62.8±13.8 / 0.81
Sex, Female n (%) / 4 (26.7) / 8 (28.6) / 1.0
Height, cm / 167.2±10.7 / 169.8±11.5 / 0.46
Race, White/Asian/Black, n (%) / 8(53.3)/4(26.7)/3(20) / 17(60.7)/8(28.6)/3(10.7) / 0.70
Stroke Details
Time from Stroke, months / 23.6±38.9 / 14.8±29.3 / 0.41
Type of stroke, ischemic, n (%) / 8 (53.3) / 18 (66.7) / 0.39
Hemisphere, right n (%) / 8 (53.3) / 15 (53.6) / 1.0
Gait Aides, none/cane/rollator n (%) / 4(26.7)/7(46.7)/4(26.7) / 8(28.6)/12(42.9)/8(28.6) / 0.95
CMSA Foot / 3.3±1.6 / 4.3±1.6 / 0.08
CMSA Leg / 4.7±1.1 / 5.0±0.8 / 0.31
Berg Balance Score ≤42, n (%) / 4 (26.7) / 9 (32.1) / 1.0
MoCA score / 22.3±5.7 / 23.2±3.7 / 0.54
CESD score ≥16, n (%) / 3 (20) / 7 (25) / 1.0
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Stress Test Data
Peak Oxygen Uptake (mL∙kg-1∙min-1) / 15.7±4.6 / 15.2±4.9 / 0.76
Resting Systolic BP, mmHg / 120.7±18.3 / 126.4±13.8 / 0.25
Resting Diastolic BP, mmHg / 74.5±11.6 / 77.8±8.6 / 0.29
Medical History, n (%)
Smoking history / 5 (33.3) / 12 (42.9) / 0.54
Smoking, current / 2 (13.3) / 1 (3.6) / 0.28
Alcohol (current) / 5 (33.3) / 7 (25) / 0.56
Coronary Artery Disease / 1 (6.7) / 7 (25) / 0.23
Diabetes / 2 (13.3) / 11 (39.3) / 0.10
Seizures / 2 (13.3) / 2 (7.1) / 0.60
Depression requiring medication / 4 (28.6) / 5 (17.9) / 0.45
Thyroid disease / 0 (0) / 1 (3.6) / 1.0
Lung disease / 1 (6.7) / 2 (7.1) / 1.0
Previous Significant Exercise (≥30 mins, 5 times per week of AT) / 3 (20) / 10 (35.7) / 0.49
Medications, n (%)
ß-blockers / 3 (20) / 12 (42.9) / 0.19
Ca2+-channel antagonists / 5 (33.3) / 9 (32.1) / 0.94
Other Antihypertensives / 9 (60) / 20 (71.4) / 0.45
Anti-diabetic / 2 (13.3) / 8 (28.6) / 0.48
Lipid lowering agents / 8 (53.3) / 23 (82.1) / 0.045
Anti-depressant / 4(26.7) / 2 (7.1) / 0.16
Vitamin D + Calcium Supplement / 1 (6.7) / 1 (3.6) / 1.0
Vitamin D Supplement / 0 (0) / 1 (3.6) / 1.0

AT=aerobic training, CESD=Centre for epidemiological studies depression questionnaire

Data are presented as mean±SD unless otherwise indicated