Supplementary Table Recent Selected Examples of Phytoremediation

Supplementary Table Recent selected examples of phytoremediation

Pollutant / Plant species / Summary / Reference
Organic
Textile dyes
Red HE7B / Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyck. / Cactaceae N. cochenillifera cell cultures and intact plants (cladodes) transformed various toxic textile dyes, including Red HE7B into less phytotoxic, non-hazardous metabolites. / Adki et al. (2012b)
Malachite Green / Blumea malcolmii Hook / Phytodegradation of triphenylmethane dye Malachite Green mediated by cell suspension cultures of B. malcolmii / Kagalkar et al. (2011)
Methyl orange / Brassica juncea L. / Biochemical characterization of laccase from hairy root culture of B. juncea L. and role of redox mediators to enhance its potential for the decolorization of textile dyes. / Telke et al. (2011)
Brilliant Blue R / Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume / In vitro cultures of T. flagelliforme decolorized a variety of dyes, along with Brilliant Blue R, to varying extents within 4 days. / Kagalkar et al. (2010)
Direct Red 5B / Blumea malcolmii Hook / Tissue cultured shrub plants of B. malcolmii decolorized Malachite green, Red HE8B, Methyl orange, Reactive Red 2 but potently Direct Red 5B / Kagalkar et al. (2009)
Remazol Black B / Zinnia angustifolia Kunth / Consortium ZE degraded efficient and faster RBB when compared to degradation by Z. angustifoila and E. aestuarii individually / Khandare et al. (2011a)
Navy Blue HE2R / Portulaca grandiflora Hook. / Wild and tissue cultured plants of P. grandiflora decolorized a sulfonated diazo dye Navy Blue HE2R up to 98% in 40 h. / Khandare et al. (2011b)
Remazol Red / Aster amellus Linn. / Potential of A. amellus to decolorize a sulfonated azo dye Remazol Red, a mixture of dyes and a textile effluent / Khandare et al. (2011c)
Remazol Orange 3R, Green HE4B / Aster amellus Linn., Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. / Plant consortium-AG of A. amellus and Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. showed complete decolorization of a dye Remazol Orange 3R in 36 h, while individually A. amellus and G. pulchella took 72 and 96 h respectively. / Kabra et al. (2011a)
Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. / Phytoremediation ability of G. pulchella in degrading Green HE4B into non-toxic metabolites. / Kabra et al. (2011b)
Green HE4B / Sesuvium portulacastrum Linn. / Potential of Sesuvium for the efficient degradation of textile dyes and its efficacy on saline soils contaminated with toxic compounds. / Patil et al. (2011)
Reactive Red 198 / Tagetes patula L. (Marigold) / Degradation analysis of Reactive Red 198 by hairy roots of T. patula / Patil et al. (2009)
Acid orange 7 / Phragmites australis (Cav.)Trin.exSteud. / The role of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes of P. australis (a sub-surface vertical flow constructed wetland), in the degradation of acid orange7 / Carias et al. (2008)
The role of peroxidases extracted from the vertical flow constructed wetland P. australis leaves in the decolourization of Acid Orange 7 / Carias et al. (2007)
Integrated study of the role of P. australis in azo-dye treatment in a constructed wetland: From pilot to molecular scale. / Davies et al. (2009)
Phytoremediation of textile effluents containing azo dye by using Phragmites australis in a vertical flow intermittent feeding constructed wetland / Davies et al. (2005)
Textile wastewater / Typha angustifolia Linn. / A constructed wetland model for synthetic reactive dye wastewater treatment by narrow-leaved cattails / Nilratnisakorn et al. (2009)
Synthetic reactive dye wastewater treatment by narrow-leaved cattails (T. angustifolia): Effects of dye, salinity and metals. / Nilratnisakorn et al. (2007)
Polymeric dye R-478 / Mentha pulegium L. / Peroxidase activity and phenolic content in elite clonal lines of M. pulegium in response to R-478 and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. / Strycharz and Shetty (2001)
Dye solutions of different colors / Helianthus annuus L. / Phytoremediation of textile dyes used as a scientific experiment or demonstration in teaching laboratories of middle school, high school and college students. / Ibbini et al. (2009)
Herbicides and pesticides
Atrazine / Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass ) / Phytoremediation capacity for detoxifying atrazine was found in the leaf biomass of switchgrass. / Murphy and Coats (2011)
Transgenic tobacco / Transgenic tobacco plants expressing atzA exhibit resistance and strong ability to degrade atrazine. / Wang et al. (2010)
Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash (Vetiver grass ) / Vetiver grass studied for phytoremediation of heavy metals and organic wastes. / Danh et al. (2009)
Lolium multiflorum Lam. (ryegrass) / Phytoremediation potential of the novel atrazine tolerant L. multiflorum and studies on the mechanisms involved. / Merini et al. (2009)
a mixture of prairie grasses / Fate of atrazine in a grassed phytoremediation system was found by using radiolabelled atrazin. / Henderson et al. (2007a)
Oryza sativa L.(rice plants ) / The ability of transgenic rice plants (pIKBACH) to remove atrazine and metolachlor from soil was confirmed in large-scale experiments. / Kawahigashi et al. (2006)
three species of poplar tree / Phytoremediation of atrazine by poplar trees: toxicity, uptake, and transformation. / Chang et al. (2005)
Brassica juncea / CG, Lindblom SD, Smits EA. Overexpression of enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis enhances tolerance to organic pollutants in Brassica juncea. / Flocco et al. (2004)
Metolachlor / Prairie grasses / Mass balance of metolachlor in a grassed phytoremediation system. / Henderson et al. (2007b)
Oryza sativa L. (rice plants ) / The human cytochrome P450 gene CYP2B6 was introduced into rice plants, and the CYP2B6-expressing rice plants became more tolerant to various herbicides than nontransgenic Nipponbare rice plants. / Kawahigashi et al. (2005)
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh / Gene expression and microscopic analysis of Arabidopsis exposed to chloroacetanilide herbicides and explosive compounds / Mezzari et al. (2005)
Glyphosate / Lemna minor L. / Potential use of L. minor for the phytoremediation of isoproturon and glyphosate / Dosnon-Olette et al. (2011)
Diphenyl ether and chloroacetanilide / transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco plants) / Overexpression of a specific soybean GmGSTU4 isoenzyme improves diphenyl ether and chloroacetanilide herbicide tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants / Benekos et al. (2010)
Glufosinate / Zea mays L. , Brassica napus L. / Distribution and metabolism of D/L-, L- and D-glufosinate in transgenic, glufosinate-tolerant crops of maize and oilseed rape. / Ruhland et al. (2004)
Endosulfan / Brassica campestris Linn., Zea mays L. / The phytoextraction potential of mustard and maize to remove a organochlorine pesticide endosulfan was investigated. / Mukherjee and Kumar (2011)
Carbendazim, octhilinone, diuron / Blumea malcolmii Hook / Detoxification of a carcinogenic paint preservative by Blumea malcolmii Hook cell cultures / Adki et al. (2011)
Nitroaromatics and explosives
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) / Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh / Arabidopsis plants have engineered to degrade RDX, whilst withstanding the phytotoxicity of TNT / Rylott et al. (2011)
the potential role of upregulated genes in Arabidopsis plant metabolism, phytoremediation, and phytosensing / Rao et al. (2009)
TNT / Arabidopsis plants overexpressing OPR1 removed TNT more quickly from liquid culture, produced increased levels of transformation products, and maintained higher fresh weight biomasses than wild-type plants. / Beynon et al. (2009)
2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) / Phytotoxicity and phytoremediation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene using Arabidopsis plant / Yoon et al. (2007)
Phytotransformation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in Arabidopsis.: toxicity, fate, and gene expression studies in vitro. / Yoon et al. (2006)
TNT / Vetiveria zizanioides L. (vetiver grass ) / Vetiver grass is capable of removing TNT from soil in the presence of urea. / Das et al. (2010)
The efficiency of vetiver grass in removing TNT from aqueous media was explored in the presence of a common agrochemical, urea, used as a chaotropic agent. / Makris et al. (2007)
Nicotiana tabacum L.(tobacco ) / Enhanced transformation of TNT by tobacco plants expressing a bacterial nitroreductase. / Hannink et al. (2007)
The transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing a bacterial nitroreductase gene detoxify soil contaminated with the high explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), with a significantly increased microbial community biomass and metabolic activity in the rhizosphere of transgenic plants compared with wild type plants. / Travis et al. (2007)
Rumex crispus L. / Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with cadmium and/or TNT. / Baek et al. (2006)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
Phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene / Oryza sativa . (rice) / Evaluating the spatial dissipation gradient of PAHs, including phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene in rice rhizosphere, with various bioavailability represented with sequential extraction. / Ma et al. (2012)
Phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene / Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr (side oats grama ) / Phytoremediation and removal mechanisms in B. curtipendula growing in sterile hydrocarbon spiked cultures / Reynoso-Cuevas et al. (2011)
Study of PAH dissipation and phytoremediation in soils: comparing freshly spiked with weathered soil from a former coking works. / Smith et al. (2011)
Dibenzofuran / Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers (bermuda grass ), Agrostis palustris Huds. (bent grass ), Zoysia japonica (lawn grass ), and, Trifolium repens L. (white clover ) / Evaluation of the phytoremediation potential of four plant species for dibenzofuran-contaminated soil. / Wang and Oyaizu (2009)
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Perennial weed species / Phytoextraction and uptake patterns of weathered polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soils using three perennial weed species. / Ficko et al. (2011a)
Pumpkin and weed species / Effect of pumpkin root exudates on ex situ polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) phytoextraction by pumpkin and weed species. / Ficko et al. (2011b)
Salix alaxensis L. (felt-leaf willow) and Picea glauca (white spruce) / Assessing the potential for rhizoremediation of PCB contaminated soils in northern regions using native tree species. / Slater et al. (2011)
Alfalfa / Influence of arbuscular mycorrhiza and Rhizobium on phytoremediation by alfalfa of an agricultural soil contaminated with weathered PCBs: a field study. / Teng et al. (2010)
Alfalfa, Ryegrass, Tall fescue and Rice / Beta-cyclodextrin enhanced phytoremediation of aged PCBs-contaminated soil from e-waste recycling area. / Chen et al. (2010a)
Chenopodium album L., Vicia cracca L., Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., Solidago canadensis L. / Potential for phytoextraction of PCBs from contaminated soils using weeds. / Ficko et al. (2010)
Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin ) / Effect of plant age on PCB accumulation by pumpkin / Low et al. (2009)
Halogenated hydrocarbons
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) / Nicotiana
tabacum L. (tobacco ) / Tobacco hairy roots efficiently transformed high concentrations of 2,4-DCP in the medium to products with the lignin-type nature, which compartmentalized in hairy root cell walls. / Talano et al. (2010)
Inorganic (metals and metalloids)
Chromium
Crambe abyssinica Hochst / Identifying genes and gene networks involved in chromium metabolism and detoxification in Crambe abyssinica. / Zulfiqar et al. (2011)
Spirodela polyrrhiza / Phytoremediation of Cr(VI) by Spirodela polyrrhiza (L.) Schleiden employing reducing and chelating agents. / Bala and Thukral (2011)
Oryza sativa L. (rice ), paragrass (Brachiaria mutica), and Eichhornia crassipes (aquatic weed ) / Bio-concentration of chromium-an in situ phytoremediation study at South Kaliapani chromite mining area of Orissa, India. / Mohanty et al. (2012)
Ipomonea aquatica L. (water spinach ) / Phytoremediation of Cr(III) by I. aquatica from water in the presence of EDTA and chloride. / Chen et al. (2010b)
Hybrid willows / Effect of temperature on phytoextraction of hexavalent and trivalent chromium by hybrid willows / Yu et al. (2010)
Arsenic
Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle / The accumulation of As in the shoot and immobilization of As below ground in roots proved H. verticillata as a potential As phytofiltrator for bioremediation. / Xue and Yan (2011)
Zea mays L. (maize ) / Identification of QTLs for arsenic accumulation in maize using a RIL population. / Ding et al. (2011)
Pityrogramma calomelanos L. and Pteris vittata L. / Phytoremediation potential of P. calomelanos var. austroamericana and P. vittata L. grown at a highly variable arsenic contaminated site. / Niazi et al. (2011)
Hyacinth / Batch and continuous removal of arsenic using hyacinth roots. / Govindaswamy et al. (2011)
Cottonwood / Enhanced arsenic tolerance of transgenic eastern cottonwood plants expressing gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. / LeBlanc et al. (2011)
Cadmium
Alyssum species. / Cadmium phytoextraction potential of different Alyssum species. / Barzanti et al. (2011)
Ricinus communis L. / The phytoremediation potential of bioenergy crop R. communis for DDTs and cadmium co-contaminated soil / Huang et al. (2011)
Solanum nigrum L. / In-situ cadmium phytoremediation using S. nigrum L.: the bio-accumulation characteristics trail. / Ji et al. (2011)
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh / Heterologous expression of a N. nucifera phytochelatin synthase gene enhances cadmium tolerance in A. thaliana. / Liu et al. (2011)
Expression of the bacterial heavy metal transporter MerC fused with a plant SNARE, SYP121, in A. thaliana increases cadmium accumulation and tolerance. / Kiyono et al. (2011)
Solanum nigrum L. / Chemical-assisted phytoremediation of CD-PAHs contaminated soils using S. nigrum L. / Yang et al. (2011)
Selenium
Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britton / The salt/B tolerant S. pinnata genotypes selected represent a promising new tools for the successful phytoremediation of Se from salt/B and Se-laden agricultural drainage sediments / Freeman and Bañuelos (2011)
Canola, Mustard, Broccoli, Spearmint, Sugarcane, Guar, Wheat, and Poplar / Developing a sustainable phytomanagement strategy for excessive selenium in western United States and India. / Bañuelosm and Dhillon (2011)
Mercury
Impatiens walleriana Hook. f. / Mercury uptake and translocation in I. walleriana plants grown in the contaminated soil from Oak Ridge. / Pant et al. (2011)
------/ Metallothionein expression in chloroplasts enhances mercury accumulation and phytoremediation capability. / Ruiz et al. (2011)
Atriplex codonocarpa Paul G.Wilson, Austrodanthonia caespitosa (Gaudich.)H.P.Linder and Vetiveria zizanioides L. / Chelate-assisted phytoextraction of mercury in biosolids. / Lomonte et al. (2011)
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P.A.Dang. / Removal of mercury from sediment by ultrasound combined with biomass (transgenic C. reinhardtii). / He et al. (2011)
Cesium
Calendula alata Rech. f., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus chlorostachys / Phytoremediation of stable Cs from solutions by C. alata, A. chlorostachys and C. album. / Moogouei et al. (2011)
Sorghum hybrid and Trifolium pratense L. / Using elevated CO2 to increase the biomass of a S. vulgare x S. vulgare var. sudanense hybrid and T. pratense L. and to trigger hyperaccumulation of cesium. / Wu et al. (2009)
Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & H.E. Robins. / Potential of C. odorata for phytoremediation of (137)Cs from solution and low level nuclear waste. / Singh et al. (2009)
Copper
Sunflower / Copper phytoextraction in tandem with oilseed production using commercial cultivars and mutant lines of sunflower. / Kolbas et al. (2011)
Marigold / The effect of the symbiosis between Tagetes erecta L. (marigold) and Glomus intraradices in the uptake of Copper(II) and its implications for phytoremediation. / Castillo et al. (2011)
Perennial peanut / Potential phytoextraction and phytostabilization of perennial peanut on copper-contaminated vineyard soils and copper mining waste. / Andreazza et al. (2011)
Zinc
Physalis alkekengi L. / Zinc accumulation and synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using P. alkekengi L. / Qu et al. (2011)
Lead
Buttonwood / Phytoremediation of lead in urban polluted soils in the north of Iran / Hashemi (2012)
Willow varieties / The pot experiment suggested that Salix varieties have the potential to take up and translocate significant amounts of Pb into above-ground tissues using EDTA. / Zhivotovsky et al. (2011)
Nickel
Brassica napus L. (rape shoots ) / Nickel accumulation in rape shoots (B. napus L.) increased by putrescine. / Shevyakova et al. (2011)
Miscellaneous
Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Al, Cr, Pb, Si, and As / Pteris vittata L. / P. vittata is confirmed to be a heavy metals accumulator and a highly suitable candidate for phytoremediation of metal contaminated wastelands. / Kumari et al. (2011)
Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn / Phragmites cummunis (Cav.)Trin.exSteud., Typha angustifolia L., Cyperus esculentus L. / Phytoremediation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn from aqueous solution using Phragmites, Typha and Cyperus. / Chandra and Yadav (2011)
Pb, Cr and Mn / Typha latifolia L. and Scirpus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. Keller / Lead, chromium and manganese removal by in vitro root cultures of two aquatic macrophytes species. / Santos-Díaz Mdel and Barrón-Cruz Mdel (2011)
Cu, Ni and Cr / rapeseeds, sunflowers, tomatoes, and soapworts / Combined mild soil washing and compost-assisted phytoremediation in treatment of silt loams contaminated with copper, nickel, and chromium. / Sung et al. (2011)
Cr and Cd / Prosopis laevigata (Humb.Bonpl.exWilld.) M.C.Johnst / P. laevigata a potential chromium (VI) and cadmium (II) hyperaccumulator desert plant. / Buendía-González et al. (2010)
Pb, Zn, Fe and Cr / Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.)Solms, Hydrilla verticillata L. f. Royle / Evaluation of uptake rate of heavy metals by two macrophytes Eichhornia (free-floating) and Hydrilla (submerged). / Dixit and Dhote (2010)
Zn, Pb, and Cd / Inula viscosa (L.)Greuter, Euphorbia dendroides L., and Poa annua L., Arundo donax L, Cistus salvifolius L. and Hyacinthoides italica
(L.)ChouardexRothm. / Uptake of heavy metals by native species growing in a mining area in Sardinia, Italy: discovering native flora for phytoremediation / Barbafieri et al. (2011)

Supplementary Table References