BIOLOGY 12 STUDY SHEET NAME ______
Unit 10 (PLO J )
For the test on this unit, you must have the following points thoroughly understood. That is only the starting point however. You will be expected to apply those concepts to new situations. Some examples of these types of questions have been given and indicated by ***.
Example: *** Describe what effects a blockage in the right iliac artery might have on a person. Give reasons for your answer.
Unit # 10 Circulation and Blood
L.O. J – 1 Blood Vessels
___ 1. Name the 5 types of blood vessels.
___ 2. Given a diagram, be able to identify an artery, vein, and capillary.
___ 3. Give the function of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
___ 4. Explain the difference in thickness between veins, arteries and capillaries.
___ 5. *** Explain how constriction and dilation of the arteries can affect blood pressure.***
___ 6. Why do capillaries have sphincter muscles?
___ 7. *** Explain how capillaries can affect blood pressure***.
___ 8. List two structural differences found between veins and arteries.
___ 9. *** Veins have a function that is similar to one of the spleen’s function.
Describe this function***
For this section, you must know the names presented in the hand out that was given to you in class called “Major Blood Vessels of the Body”. In addition, you must also be able to identify the Coronary artery and Vein. Be prepared to identify vessels on any diagram. The following is a sample of questions you should know. Quiz yourself on every possible variation.
L.O. J – 2 Major Arteries and Veins
___ 1. Name the vessel leading to the lungs from the heart.
___ 2. Name the vessel leading to the kidney from the heart.
___ 3. Name the vessel leading from your big toe to the heart.
___ 4. ** What does the lymphatic system have in common with your arm circulation?*
___ 5. Name the largest artery.
___ 6. What veins carry oxygen.
___ 7. Where does the superior vena cava get its flow of blood from?
___ 8. What two vessels enter the right atrium?
___ 9. What is the function of the coronary arteries?
___ 10. What is the function of the Hepatic Portal Vein?
L.O. J – 3 Pulmonary Vs Systemic Circulation
___ 1. The name for the circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the
heart is?
___ 2. The name for the circulation of blood from the heart to the body tissues and back
to the heart is?
___ 3. Blood returning to the heart from the lungs enters what part of the heart?
___ 4. Why can’t we say the following: “Arteries are vessels that carry high oxygenated
blood”?
___ 5. What part of the heart is involved with pumping blood through the systemic circuit?
___ 6. What part of the heart is the collecting chamber for the systemic blood?
L.O. J – 4 Fetal Circulation vs Adult Systems
___ 1. List the 4 differences between fetal and adult circulation systems.
___ 2. Given a diagram of a fetal circulation system, identify the 4 areas of difference.
___ 3. **What is similar about the function of the oval opening and the Arterial duct?**
___ 4. **Explain why it is important for the oval opening to close completely prior to or
shortly after birth.**
___ 5. What is the name of the vessel that brings nutrients to the fetus?
___ 6. What is the organ that allows exchange of gases and nutrients between mother
and child? Note: no actual blood cells are exchanged—just nutrients.
___ 7. *** With reference to the last question: What is the process called by which
nutrients, gases, and wastes are exchanged?***
This is an extremely important leaning outcome. Having knowledge of the various blood vessels of the body. (L.O. J2), it should not be much extra work. Each pathway through the body must have a pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit. Practice with various possibilities. Below are only sample questions.
L.O. J – 5 Blood Pathways
___ 1. Starting with the right atrium, trace the path of a red blood cell through your big
toe until you get back to the right atrium.
___ 2. Starting with the left atrium to your brain.
___ 3. Starting with your stomach going back to your stomach.
___ 4. Starting with your superior vena cava passing though your index finger capillaries.
___ 5. Starting with your right ventricle, passing through your heart capillaries.
L.O. J – 6 Plasma
___ 1. What is the source of water in the plasma?
___ 2. How much of the plasma is water?
___ 3. Together the blood proteins have an important role in the blood. What is this role?
___ 4. Name three of the blood proteins and give their function in the function of the blood.
___ 5. Where do the nutrients in blood come from?
___ 6. What is the function of salts in the blood?
___ 7. Name three waste products found in the blood?
___ 8. What do large organic molecules use for transportation within the blood?
___ 9. The plasma proteins and the red blood cells together give the blood it’s correct
thickness. The term for this thickness is the bloods what?
___ 10. Water tends to move into the blood stream from the intestine and tissues because
the concentration of salts and proteins sets up a what?
L.O. J – 7 Lymphatic System
___ 1. List the 4 functions of the lymphatic system.
___ 2. What blood vessel is associated with the lymphatic system?
___ 3. How are lacteals important for the digestive system?
___ 4. What are two important functions associated with the lymph nodes?
___ 5. How are lymph vessels different from blood vessels?
___ 6. What is the largest lymphoid organ in the body?
___ 7. What lymphoid organ is important in the maturation process of some lymphocytes?
___ 8. What two organs contain lymphoid tissue, but very little is known about their
function. (if they even have one in humans)
___ 9. *** Explain what might happen to a person who suffers from blocked lymph vessels?**
___ 10. Why do some people think that the Thymus gland may be important in the aging
process?
___ 11. What are the two types of lymph vessels?
___ 12. How are lymph veins similar to cardiovascular veins?
L.O. J – 8 Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets
___ 1. Formed elements make up what percentage of blood?
___ 2. Name the three formed elements (Know both the common name and the scientific name)
___ 3. The portion of blood other than the formed elements is called what?
___ 4. What are the three main functions of blood?
___ 5. Erythrocytes are small, biconcave disks without a what?
___ 6. What kind of cell do they start off as?
___ 7. What is believed to be the trigger increased production of red blood cells?
___ 8. How long do R.B.C. Live?
___ 9. What organ breaks down old Erythrocytes?
___ 10. What important molecule is found in red blood cells?
___ 11. What is the main function of Platelets?
___ 12. Thrombocytes are not actually cells, but fragments of what?
___ 13. Platelets are produced at what rate?
___ 14. What is the main function of Leukocytes?
___ 15. Give four ways in which white blood cells differ from red blood cells.
___ 16. What is the name for leukocytes that contain granular bodies in their cytoplasm?
___ 17. What is the name for leukocytes that don’t contain granular bodies in their cytoplasm?
___ 18. What proportion of white blood cells do the Agranulocytes make up?
___ 19. Name two types of Agranulocytes.
___ 20. Give an example of a Granulocyte.
___ 21. Give the place of formation for Agranulocytes and Granulocytes?
___ 22. Name two phagocytic leukocytes that arrive at the site of an invasion.
___ 23. What happens to monocytes after they arrive at the site of invasion?
___ 24. List the components of pus.
___ 25. What type of foreign substances can invade our bodies?
___ 26. What three portions of the blood are necessary for the formation of a clot?
___ 27. Why is the liver important for blood clotting?
___ 28. Why is vitamin K important for blood clotting?
___ 29. What is the function of prothrombin activator?
___ 30. What is the function of thrombin?
___ 31. Why is calcium necessary for blood clotting?
___ 32. The framework for a blood clot is composed of threads of what substance?
___ 33. When body tissues are finally healed, what enzyme is used to break up the fibrin
network?
L.O. J – 9 Antigens and Antibodies
___ 1. Name the four types of blood found in humans.
___ 2. Define antigen.
___ 3. What type of antigen is found in A type blood?
___ 4. What type of antigen is found in B type blood?
___ 5. What type of antigen is found in AB type blood?
___ 6. What type of antigen is found in O type blood?
___ 7. What type of antibody is found in A type blood?
___ 8. What type of antibody is found in AB blood?
___ 9. What happens when antigen B and antibody B are mixed?
___ 10. People that have another antigen, Rh factor, on their blood cells are said to be what?
___ 11. When exposed to the Rh factor, people who are Rh- will begin to produce what?
___ 12. Given the standard slide test for blood typing, be able to determine a given blood type.
___ 13. When is it important to be aware of Rh type?
___ 14. What combination of parents is particularly dangerous with respect to Rh factor?
___ 15. Leaking of Rh positive blood cells into the mother’s system from a bay at birth
can cause the mother to produce what?
___ 16. What can happen to a second Rh+ child developing in an Rh- mother.
___ 17. The condition in which a second Rh+ child is killed by the mother’s Rh
antibodies is called what?
___ 18. Fetal Erythroblastosis can be prevented by injections of?
L.O. J – 10 Capillary-Tissue Fluid Exchange
___ 1. Why is blood entering the tissue capillaries bright red in color?
___ 2. Arteriole blood is also rich in what?
___ 3. What is blood pressure of an average arteriole?
___ 4. What is the osmotic pressure in the arteriole?
___ 5. How does osmotic pressure in the arteriole compare with that of the venule?
___ 6. Why is fluid forced out of the capillary at the arteriole end and forced into the
capillary at the venule end?
___ 7. What causes the osmotic pressure in the arteriole blood?
___ 8. Why don’t the blood proteins and blood cells get forced out of the capillary by
the osmotic gradient?