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Biology 1st Semester Exam Review Questions

Chapters 1, 6-8

Exam:

-approximately 100 questions

-Multiple choice and True/False

-You may use one side of one 4*6 notecard-

Must be HANDWRITTEN

-Competition of this review is extra credit on exam (must be 100% completed or NO credit will be granted)

Chapter 1: Introduction to Biology

  1. The study of life is known as.
  2. What are the 8 characteristics of life?
  3. All living things are made up of these…
  4. Food provides energy to drive this character of life.
  5. Maintaining a stable internal environment is known as.
  6. The passing of traits from parent to offspring is known as
  7. There are g in 1kg.
  8. There are mL in 1 L.
  9. A possible explanation for an observation is (not a guess)
  10. While testing for the effectiveness of fertilizer a scientist does the following experiment: Plant1: fertilizer Plant 2: no fertilizer. After 2 weeks the scientist measures the height of the plant. In this experiment the fertilizer is what type of variable? What variable is the height of the plant? What group does plant 2 belong to?
  11. Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green slime. His friend Barney tells him that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Homer decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. He sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of “treatment” there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.
  12. What is the independent variable?
  13. What is the dependent variable?
  14. What is the control group?

Chapter 6: Biochemistry

  1. An atom or molecule that has lost or gained electrons.
  2. A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
  3. The attraction of water to each other is known as
  4. What form do animals store glucose in?
  5. Lipids are Polar/non polar?
  6. Are saturated fats liquid or solid?
  7. Living cells contain so cells can resist pH changes.
  8. The energy needed to start a chemical reaction is known as
  9. What is the difference between a catalyst and an enzyme?
  10. What is the pH of a base? Acid? neutral?
  1. In this reaction W and X are what?______
  2. In this reaction Y and Z are what? ______
  3. The graph above shows an reaction.
  4. What is the monomer of a lipid?______
  5. There are ______valence electrons in an oxygen atom.
  6. Electrons are shared in what type of bonding?______
  7. Electrons are stolen in what type of bonding?______
  8. This is the attraction of 2 different substances and explains why water will travel down a string.______
  9. An atom that has a positive charge is called?______
  10. An atom that has a negative charge is called. ______
  11. How many electrons are in Mg2+?______
  12. How many neutrons are in Mg2+ with a mass number of 24?______
  13. How many protons are in Mg2+?______
  14. Only______molecules can dissolve in water.
  15. Water has a slightly positive side and a slightly negative side making it a ______molecule.
  16. This is the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction______.
  17. Organisms that contain a ______allow them to resist pH changes from the external environment.
  18. What are the four classes of macromolecules? ______
  19. Which of these are not considered a nutrient?______
  20. Sugars and starches belong to what class of macromolecules? ______
  21. What is the monomer/subunit of a carbohydrate?______
  22. Lowering the activation energy of a reaction causes the reaction to do what? ______
  23. Oils contain______fats.
  24. What is a heterogeneous mixture?______
  25. What is a homogenous mixture? ______
  26. What is the difference between a solute, solvent, and solution?______

______

48.  What is formed when a substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water?______

Chapter 7: Cells

  1. Who was the first person to see cells (cork)?
  2. Using a 10x ocular lens and a 40x objective lens what is the total magnification?
  3. List 3 differences between a prokaryote and a eukaryote.
  1. Are animal cells prokaryote or eukaryote?
  2. What are the differences between a plant and an animal cell?
  3. What makes up the cell membrane?
  4. The heads of the phospholipid bilayer are attracted to water because they are….?
  5. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates?
  6. Which organelle looks like a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs and responsible for packaging and distribution of proteins?
  7. Which protein acts as a marker for the cell and has carbohydrates attached?
  8. Which protein regulates what can enter and leave the cell?
  9. Which protein receives messages from outside the cell and transmits them inside?
  10. What are the 3 types of passive transport?
  11. What are the 4 types of active transport?
  12. What happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution?
  13. What happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
  14. What happens to a cell when it is placed in an isotonic solution?
  15. What is the difference between active and passive transport?
  16. Removing materials from the cell by vesicles fusing with the membrane is called what?
  17. Taking in materials that are too large to pass through the cell membrane into the cell by vesicles fusing with the membrane is called what?
  18. What is the source of energy for active transport?
  19. In diffusion substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until what is reached?
  20. The cell membrane is known as because it only lets some substances into the cell.
  21. What is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane?
  22. Sugar cells enter a cell through the process of .
  23. What direction does sodium-potassium pump usually pump sodium and potassium? What quantities? ______
  1. Label the diagram below:

  1. A light microscope uses beans of what to magnify a specimen?
  2. Diffusion happens (faster/slower) in small cells because the surface area to volume ratio is (larger/smaller)?
  3. What is the smallest unit of life? ______
  4. A structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function is called a(n) .
  5. Food and waste materials that move into and out of a cell pass through proteins.
  6. What 2 organelles produce protein filled vesicles? ______
  7. What 2 organelles contain their own DNA that is different from the DNA found in the nucleus? ______
  8. What organelle would you find in greater number in liver and kidney cells because it helps detoxify poisons? ______
  9. What organelle is responsible for autolysis or the self destruction of the cell? ______
  10. What are the 5 characteristics that all cells have? ______
  11. Who was the first person to see cells (cork)? ______
  12. Who was the first person to see living cells?______
  13. Who was the first person to conclude that all plants are made of cells______
  14. Who was the first person to conclude that all animals are made of cells?______
  1. Who concluded that cells come from existing cells?______
  2. Animal cells are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Chapter 8: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

  1. Are plants heterotrophic or autotrophic?
  2. Organisms that obtain chemical energy from other organisms are called what?
  3. What is the major light-absorbing pigment in photosynthesis?
  4. What wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll?
  5. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 is the equation for what process?
  6. What are some factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis?
  7. What are the products of the light reaction that are required by the dark reaction?
  8. T or F: The dark reaction can only take place at night.
  9. Sugars are made during the
  10. T or F: As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase indefinitely?
  11. Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from where?
  12. Where do heterotrophs get their energy?
  13. How do autotrophs get their energy?
  14. Light energy is converted into chemical energy through what process?
  15. What is the major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis?
  16. During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the carbohydrates needed for energy and growth are called what?
  17. The portable energy in the cell or “cash in hand” is known as what? ______
  18. Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvates during the first stage of cellular respiration. This process is called what? ______
  19. If oxygen is present it is known as what type of respiration? ______
  20. If oxygen is not present it is known as what type of respiration? ______
  21. Chemical energy stored in food molecules is released through what process?______
  22. A molecule of glucose is split forming 2 molecules of pyruvate and some ATP in what process? ______
  23. T or F: Only animals do cellular respiration.
  24. Name one of the parts of cellular respiration. ______
  25. What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? ______
  26. Water is an end product in what?______

118.  C6H12O6 + 6O2 ® 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP, this is the equation for what process? ______

  1. Cellular respiration takes place in what organelle? ______
  2. What is the source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis? ______