ANGLICKÝ JAZYK
1. Great Britain
2. The USA
3. English Speaking Countries
4. The Czech Republic
5. London
6. Big Cities in the USA
7. Prague
8. Political System – Comparison : GB, The USA, CZ
9. Educational System _ _ ,, _
10. Holidays and Festivals _ _ ,, _
11. Literature, my favourite author from English speaking countries
12. Housing Problems
13. Nature, Ecology, Weather
14. Health, Illnesses
15. Interpersonal Relationship
16. Cultural Life, Art
17. Mass Media
18. Transport, Travelling, Holidays
19. Leisure Time
20. Sports and Games
21. Food and Drink
22. Shopping
23. Clothes and Fashion
24. Jobs, my future plans
25. We and the World at the Beginning of 21th Century
Součástí každé otázky je gramatický, lexikální a obsahový rozbor textu.
MO Č.1
Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
capital city ... LONDON
( Scotland – the capitol - EDINBURGH )
GEOGRAPHY
- Britain forms the greatest part of the B. isles
- Ireland – comprising THE IRISH REPUBLIC ( Éire)
- the second largest island
smaller islands - the Isle of Man
- the Hebrides
- the Orkneys
- the Shetlands
- the Channel Island, ...
Britain - a beatiful country
- attractive countryside
ports – London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Belfast, ...
- network of canals
lakes – the Lake District ( NE )
- the Highlands of Scotland ( Loch Lomond, Loch Ness = monster )
- the largest – Lough Neagh ( Northern Ireland )
----- very few forests
----- moorland areas ( a peaty, upland area )
Scotland – 12 regions + 53 districts ( the highest mountain – Ben Nevis )
Wales - 8 countries
England - 48 countries
Northern Ireland - 6 countries
CLIMATE
- a temperate, humid climate
- winters – mild
summers - not very hot
- it rains a lot ( greener grass in Central Deep )
HISTORY
- first inhabitans - settlers from Europe – farming
- pottery
- stone tools
STONEHENGE - big circular standing stone near Salisbury ( Sof Engl. )
1) What has survived from the Celtic period ? - Celtic languages ( Welsh, Irish, Gaelic )
2) What did the Romans bring to Britain ? - writing + a legal system
3) What did the Romans build in Britain ? - they creatednew towns, long straight roads
( Hadrian’s Wall )
4) What happend in 1066 ? - William invaved Engl. + defeated the Saxon king in the
Battle of Hastings
5) What did the Normans bring to Britain ? - French language + feudalism
6) What were the most important events of the 12th and 13th centuries ?
- 12th - Oxford Un. was founded
13th - th eParliament was founded
7) Who fought in the Wars of Roses ? - 1455 – 85 the House of York against the House of
Lancaster
8) Why was the Tudor period a turning point in British history ?
- great geographical discoveries, the Reformation,
the development of industry + trade
9) What do you know about Henry VIII ? - 6 wives
proclaimed himself the head of the Anglican church
10)What do you know about Elizabeth I ? - Henry VIII‘s daughter, she supperted trading expeditions
and development of industry
11)When and why did the Stuarts come to the English throne ?
- 1603 James inherited the throne ( mother Marry Stuart
was a cousin of Elizabeth )
12)Why did teh Civil War break up ? - the conflict between 2 opposingf camps became
invevitable
13)What was the result of the Civil War ? - the Puritan armies commanded by O. Cromwell won
the war
14)Who was Oliver Cromwell ? - head of the Engl. rep.
15)What was invented during the Industrial Revolution ?
- J.Watt – steam engine
G. Stephenson – steam locomotive
16)Why was Great Britain the strongest world power in the 19th century ?
- the greatest industrial + financial power, largest sea +
colonial power
17)Why was the position of Great Britain weakened in the 20th century ?
- GB left both world wars – as a victor it suffered huge
economical losses
18)When did the British colonial empire disintegrate ? - after World War II
THE BRITISH
- 58 mil.
- differences between Engl., Wales, Scotland, NI - various origins
- religion, education, language, the legal
system
- the chief division is between Sand N England
Holiday Centres
Scottish Highlands, Canterbury, Cambridge, Edinburgh, london, Oxford, Stonehenge,
Stratford – Shakespeare’s birthplace, The Royal Shakespeare’s Theatre
GOVERNMENT
The House of Parliament – another name = Westminster Palace
patron saints E - St.George
Ireland - St. Patrick
Wales - St. David
Scotland - St. andrew
= Central Lobby = waiting hall
The House of Lords - the throne from which th eQueen opens Parliament
+ the red Woolsack on which the Lord Chamellor sits when he is
present for debates
Woolsack = cushion stuffed with wool from Engl., Wales, Scot., NI
¨ The House of Commons
- The Speaker – keeps order
- kind of referee to call debates
- member of Parliament
- must be neutral
Government Benches ( on the left )
- for the major party
- on the front bench – PM + senior MPs
Opposition Benches ( on the right )
- for the main oppos. party
2 lines - indicate the area between the sides of the Chamber beyond which nobody can steps
- over 2 sword’s lenghtsw apart ( preventantion from earlier times )
The Serjeant at Arms – kind of chief policeman
- he carries THE ROYAL MACE (= žezlo) into the House each day at the
start of proccedings
Entrances to Division Lobbies
- on either side of and behind the Speaker
- tkey go through the first door- they vote YES
second ------NO
FLAG
= the UNION FLAG / JACK
- made up of the crosses of the patron saints ( Wales is not represented )
THE ANTHEM
“God save the Queen” ( first “ God save the King “ )
ECONOMY
- open economy
Industry – rich in coal
- oil, natural gas
- highly developed
- towns - Newcastle
- Liverpool
- Manchester
- Birmingham
Scotland - whisky distilleries
Science + Technology :
Isaac Newton
James Watt
George Stephenson
Charles Darwin
Alexander Fleming
- physics, space, biology, engineering
Agriculture - highly efficient
+ fishing
- a major exporter of food products – fresh salmon, Scotch whisky, biscuits, jams, beef,
lamb, cheese
- agricultural production - cattle, sheep, poultry, wheat, barley, potatoes
EDINBURGH
RIVER – the Firth of Forth
Edinburgh Castle
The Royal Mile
The Palace of Hollyroodhouse ( second home of the Queen )
King Arthur’s Seat ( 1 hill )
Hadrian’s Wall
Beer - Britain’s most popular alcoholic drink
the Queen’s Scottish home – Balmoral Castle
whisky is made from – water
- barley ( ječmen )
THE HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND
=> The Highl. Games are sporting and music competitions
- held between May and September
- the competitors wear kilts – national cloth
( tartan – many colours, 8 m long
for 1 , squared )
= a tug of war
a race
tossing the caber ( vrhání kmenem – 60 kg, 6 m )
the Highland fling ( tančení )
throwing the hammer
the bagpipes ( dudy ) - national instrument – leather bay
Scottish rivers are good for salmon + whisky
The name name GB = geographical term area of the large island which is devided into Engl., Wales,
Scotland
The British Isles = describes the geograph. area of GB, all of Ireland ( the Independent Rep. of Ireland )
+ all the many smaller offshore islands ( Scilly Isles, Orkneys )
The UK of GB and NI = > THE UK ( refers to the political state )
Crown dependencies - The Isle of Man
- The Channel Islands
OLD NAMES : Britania = the Romans to their province
Caledonia = Scotland
Abion = England
Hibernia = Ireland
Cambria = Wales
MO č. 2
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Geography : the biggest – Alaska
= 9 mil. sq km
- 250 million inhabitants
in the East - the Appalachian Mountains
in hte West - the Rocky Mountains ( 4,500 metres )
Niagara Falls + 5 Great Lakes - Lake Ontario
Lake Erie
Lake Huron = S-E Canadian border
Lake Michigan
Lake Superior
River – The Mississippi M. Twain – Huckleberry Finn
P.Robeson – song “Ol’ Man River” – “ great water “
3.rd longest river in the world
American National Parks - the first example of nature conservation
= Yellowstone ( Wyoming )
= Grand Canyon ( the Arizona-Colorado River )
The US - different kinds of landscape + climate
( extreme differences )
-enormous parks, forests, lakes, seashores, mountains, valleys, deserts, wilderness areas
the Pacific Coast – pleasantly warm summers
mild winters
the South – hot + dry summers
the Atlantic Coast – cold
- heavy snowfalls
- hot + humid summers
the North - differs from that in the south
the Middle West - long + cold winters
Parts of the USA - the South, the West, the Middwest, the Northeast
History : presidents - Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln
1492 - discovery of America by Christopher Columbus ( the first
European to disciver Amer. )
Columbus Day / second Monday in October ( Nat. holiday )
1607 – the first Engl. colony was founded in Virginia
the first pernament settlement in America
1) Jamestown ( used to be capitol of Virginia)
2) Williamsburg
3) Richmont
3 ships, Indian village ( open –air museum )
17th century – Pocahontas
1620 - the Pilgrim Fathers ( = English Puritans )
landed – Plymouth – celebrated their first harvest with
a feast of thanskgiving
- left England to avoid persecution after conflict with James + Church
- 1/2 died of starvation or epidemics
1773 – Boston Tea Party – protest against the tax on tea / dressed as
Indian
- marked the beginning of
THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
( 1775 – 83 )
Boston Cambridge – the oldest university ( Harvard )
4.7.1776 – adopted the Declaration of Independence
( established the USA, author T. Jefferson )
1861 – 65 - the Civil War ( the Paroles – print passes to go home )
- to cancel slavery, between the South + North
North resulted in a victory
1865 – Lincoln was killed in Washington D.C.
1929 – the great crash onWall Street
1941 – the USA entered World War II
American Heroes - Indians
- cowboys
- brave women – Calamity Jane
- outlaws - Billy the Kid
- politicans
- astronauts
- pop music stars - Charles Chaplin
Elvis Presley
- writers - Hemingway, Steinbeck
- millionaires – J.D.Rockefeller - oil tycoon
- H. Ford - automobile massproducer
the American Dream – freedom, success, better life
American English - no official national language – English + ethnic minorities
( mother tongues )
AMER. English - British English
simple in spelling harbor harbour
some words – different pronunciation
grammar Do you have Have you got
vocabulary gas petrol
chips crips
subway underground
The Govegnment : parliamentary system
a federal republic ( 50 states + the District of Columbia )
- ownstate government, laws, taxes, education, ...
federal gov. – whole – foreign affairs, defence, finance
checks + balances = any branche has too much power
3 branches – executive – President ( head of gov. )
- legislative - Congress
- judicial - Supreme Court
President - is hold on the steps of the Capitol
- wider power than House of the British PM
2 party system – the Democrats, the Republicans
Congress – the Senate = 100 Senators ( 2- each
state, 6 y. t. )
- the House of Representatives
= 435, 2 y. t.
The Supreme Court – watches over the President + Congress
7 Presidents 1st President – Washington
The Declaration of Independence – Jefferson
cancel slavery – Lincoln
Theodore Roosevelt
J.F.Kennedy
G.Bush
B.Clinton
G.Bush jr.
Vice – President = Dick Chiney [: Čejný :] – chairman of the Senate
departement ( ministerstvo ) of : State, Justice, Interior, Agriculture,
Transportation
Amer. flag : ( 1777 )
50 white stars = 50 Amer. states
6 white + 7 red stripes = 13 original states
Holiday Centers :
Yelowstone N. Park
the Grand Canyon
South Dakota‘s Mt. Rushmore ( heads of 4 presidents –
Washington
Jefferson
Lincoln
Roosvelt )
Niagara Falls
Hollywood
Disneyland
Nashville – country music
NY
Washington D. C.
Transportation :
- Ford – cars + trucks, buses
- extensive network of roads + highways
railroad system – Amtrak
Economy :
industry – NY, Ohio, Michigan, ... ( coal, iron, oil )
technology
agriculture – grains – wheat, corn, oats
- dairy products
- meat
- vegetable
A.G.Bell – telephone, film, ...
Apollo 11
Einstein
N.Armstrong, ...
Coca Cola, Gillette, Avon Cosmetics, Procter and Gamble, Shell Oil, Ford, ...
MO č.3
ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
NEW ZEALAND – North and South Island ( 2 large islands )
capital city – Wellington
- in the Southern hemisphere
- not far from Australia
- original people – MAORIES ( before A.D. 1001, good variors – provoke
enemies )
The History : the first people to settle were Polynesian
NZ – named after his home province of Zealand
NZ – in the 17th century – Dutch discover – Abel Tasman
( Tasman Sea, Tasmania – Australia )
the second – British explorer – James Cook
( Mt.Cook – the highest mountain, Cook Strait )
The Population :
- the density (hustota) of population is very low
- the mostly live in towns – lie on the eastern coast
- 3.5 million people live there
The Currency : NZ dollar ( = 100 cents )
The Government :
- democratic country with its own Parliament
- official head is the Queen ( Elizabeth II, The Queen of England, Scotland
and Wales )
- The reigning monarch is represented by a GOVERNOR GENERAL