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EVOLUTION POST-TEST
Part A. Selected-Response Questions
Use the information and the table below to answer the next three questions.
Cytochrome c is a molecule that is found in mitochondria. It can be an indicator of whether two different organisms are related.
Comparisons are made between two different organisms by finding the place where the two lines intersect. The number where the columns and rows intersect shows how many amino acids are different in the cytochrome c of both organisms. For example, the number of amino acids that are different when comparing a rabbit's cytochrome c with a tuna's cytochrome c is 17. The larger the number, the greater the difference in the structure of the cytochrome c molecules of the two organisms.
_____ 1. According to the table, which pair of organisms is least closely related?
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A. a rabbit and a chicken
B. a monkey and a turtle
C. a rattlesnake and a tuna
D. a kangaroo and a duck
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_____ 2. According to the table, which of these pairs of organisms is most closely related?
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A. a duck and a turtle
B. a rabbit and a kangaroo
C. a pig and a rabbit
D. a duck and a monkey
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_____ 3. According to the table, which of the following organisms is most closely related to monkeys?
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A. a turtle
B. a pig
C. a rabbit
D. a duck
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DNA from four organisms was examined using gel electrophoresis. The results are shown in the diagram below.
_____ 4. According to the data, which of these pairs of organisms are most closely related?
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A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 and 4
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_____ 5. Coyotes and gray wolves have a high degree of relatedness. Which of these best describes why the two species are closely related?
A. They have similar behaviors.
B. They have a common ancestor.
C. They feed on the same types of food.
D. They are found in the same habitat.
_____ 6. Rafflesia flowers produce the smell of rotting flesh. This smell attracts flies. When the flies land on the flowers, the pollen attaches to them. The flies then transport the pollen to other flowers. Producing a smell to attract flies is an example of
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A. parasitism
B. adaptation
C. replication
D. predation
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_____ 7. Which of these is necessary for natural selection to occur?
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A. genetic engineering
B. genetic variation
C. asexual reproduction
D. environmental stability
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Loggerhead turtles in the Atlantic Ocean return to lay their eggs on the same beaches where they hatched. Scientists have observed that the turtles have a “compass sense.” This sense allows them to use Earth's magnetic field to find their way back to the beaches where they were hatched.
_____ 8. Which of these terms best describes the turtle's ability to use Earth's magnetic field?
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A. diversity
B. habitat
C. succession
D. adaptation
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Students collected leaves from four maple trees. They measured the length and width of each leaf. Then they calculated the average values for each tree. The data are shown in the table below.
_____ 9. According to the data, which tree has a selective advantage in capturing sunlight?
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A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
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_____ 10. The mole rat is an animal that avoids predators by living underground. Its long claws and teeth allow it to dig deep holes. Scientists believe the ancestors of the mole rat lived above ground and had shorter claws and teeth. Which of these processes resulted in the long claws and teeth found in the modern mole rat?
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A. natural selection
B. selective breeding
C. genetic engineering
D. asexual reproduction
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_____ 11. Mammals living in extremely cold climates typically have thick fur and a layer of fat to insulate them from the cold. Which of these terms best describes these characteristics?
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A. translations
B. alterations
C. adaptations
D. recombinations
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Individuals within a population of rabbits have different colors of fur as shown in the diagram below.
_____ 12. The difference in the fur color of the individual rabbits is described as
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A. speciation
B. variation
C. evolution
D. succession
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_____ 13. Two animals of different species would be least likely to
A. produce fertile offspring
B. have similar body structures
C. consume the same food
D. live successfully in the same habitat
A scientist is studying a group of related flowering plants. She set up a series of experiments to study relatedness, classification, and patterns of inheritance within this group of plants.
To study the relatedness among plants, the scientist compared a specific RNA sequence in four different species of plants. The results are shown in the table below.
_____ 14. Which two species are most closely related?
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A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
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A scientist is studying a group of related flowering plants. She set up a series of experiments to study relatedness, classification, and patterns of inheritance within this group of plants. The scientist used the table below of four of the kingdoms of life to classify the group of plants.
_____ 15. To which kingdom do flowering plants belong?
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A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
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A population of land snails colonized a field of light-colored grasses. At first, the population contained two types of snails, one with brown bands on their shells and another with yellow bands on their shells, as shown in the figure below. After 10 years, most of the snails had shells with yellow bands.
_____ 16. What process most likely led to an increase in the number of snails with yellow bands?
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A. mutation
B. succession
C. natural selection
D. genetic engineering
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_____ 17. What is the most likely reason that there are more yellow-banded snails present in the grassland?
A. The yellow-banded snails were less visible to predators.
B. The yellow-banded snails were better at acquiring food.
C. The brown-banded snails were infected more often by parasites.
D. The brown-banded snails were too slow to escape from predators.
_____ 18. Which of these will most likely result in variation within a species?
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A. mutation
B. succession
C. diffusion
D. competition
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_____ 19. A biologist observes different colors of coats in a population of wild horses. The process that contributes to the variety of coats in the population of horses is
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A. meiosis
B. mitosis
C. genetic engineering
D. asexual reproduction
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_____ 20. Natural selection could not occur without which of these processes?
A. cloning
B. genetic engineering
C. ecological succession
D. sexual reproduction
_____ 21. The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of
A. the needs of the organisms.
B. a common ancestor.
C. the struggle for existence.
D. the inheritance of acquired trait
_____ 22. Penguins are white on the front and black on the back. When they are swimming, they are at risk from predators both above and below the water. Their coloring helps them because their dark backs blend into the water as seen from above. From below, they are white and are difficult to see against the sky above the surface of the sea. Which of these best describes this characteristic?
A. recombination
B. homeostasis
C. mutation
D. adaptation
_____ 23. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, certain individuals will leave more offspring on average than do other individuals. Their survival is due to the
A. possession of adaptations developed through use.
B. possession of inherited adaptations that are well-suited to the environment.
C. lack of competition within the species.
D. choices made by plant and animal breeders
_____ 24. When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape and live to reproduce. Which of these best describes this situation?
A. An individual passes along acquired characteristics to the next generation.
B. Natural selection is a random process.
C. Individuals that function best tend to leave the most offspring.
D. Species remain unchanged throughout time.
_____ 25. Which of these is true about dissimilar organisms such as a cow and a yeast?
A. They are not related at all.
B. Their degree of relatedness cannot be evaluated.
C. Their degree of relatedness can be determined from their genes.
D. They can interbreed and thus are the same species.
Part B. Brief Constructed Response Question
Scientists are studying how four species of deer are related. The scientists believe that Species 1 is the common ancestor. The four species have some traits in common. They also have traits that are unique to their species.
Scientists used the process of gel electrophoresis to study the relatedness of the four deer species. The results of their gel electrophoresis study are shown below.
Describe how three species of deer evolved from the common ancestor. In your response, be sure to
· identify which species is most closely related to the common ancestor; explain your answer using the results of their gel electrophoresis
· identify and describe the process that leads to the development of different species
· explain what factors affect this process in the deer species
Write your response on a separate piece of paper.
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