1)I Wysłuchaj tekstu i uzupełnij luki:
Prince Charles founded the Prince’s Trust in 1) ………….. In Britain one young person out of 2) ………….. is not in work, education, or 3) ………….. The Trust teaches new 4) ………….. and builds people’s 5) self-………….. it also gives 6) ………….. to start business.It helps three groups: the 7) ………….., people with problems at 8) ………….. and young people from 9) ………….. homes. It even helps those in trouble with the 10) ………….. The Trust lets people have the life they 11) ………….., not the one they 12) …………..It has helped 13) ………….. of thousands of young people.
II Przeczytajtekstiuzupełnijlukizdaniami A – F:
A Amy Ratter, 32, grows her own vegetables, raises animals, and owns a pony called Piper.trapped – uwięziony
B Often it is so windy that the birds fly backwards.runway – pas startowy
C She believes that hard work is the key to happiness.latitude – szerokośćgeogr.
D It’s a breathtaking experience.supplies - dostawy
E Sometimes she feels trapped and wishes she could leave.breeder - hodowca
F My heart is beating fast as we come in to land on the windy runway.regret - żałować
Foula is Britain’s most remote inhabited island. It is three miles west of Shetland and on the same latitude as St Petersburg.To the west and the north, there are five enormous hills and the highest cliffs in the country. 1) …
Twice a week, when the weather seems reasonable a ferry visits Foula, but we are arriving on a small plane that also brings essential supplies for the island’s population. 2) … The island has got no shops, it doesn’t even have a pub, there is just a tiny post-office. Twenty or so people live on its 23 square kilometers including a 90-year-old. There is also a classics professor.
Not everyone relies on supplies from the outside. 3) … After years away at school and living in London, she asked herself:‘What on earth am I doing over there, working for someone else? What am I doing living anywhere else but here?’ Now she lives in her grandfather’s old cottage and works for the water company, and is a member of the fire brigade. She likes to spend most of her time looking after her four farms. Right now, she is loading hay on to Piper’s cart. 4) …
Up in the north, pony breeder and bird monitor Penny Gear doesn’t regret her decision to come back to her childhood home. ‘I love the freedom, the beauty, the nature, the life.’ Her sons go to the school and are its only two pupils! Sometimes, she goes and watches the huge waves. 5) … She occasionally wishes for an easier life, but never thinks of living anywhere else.
III Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
In most European countries people ‘come of age’ – that is, officially become adults – when they are eighteen. In Japan coming of age is still twenty. Each second Monday in January there is a special coming-of-age day ceremony for these shin-seijin, ‘new adults’. I am staying with my friend Setsuko and her parents in their apartment in a small town near Tokyo. Tomorrow is Setsuko’s big day, so she’s feeling a bit nervous. We are looking at some pictures of Japanese ceremonies from the old days. They are amazing – the women have got shaved eyebrows and their faces are covered in thick make-up. Strangest of all, their teeth are painted black! Nowadays things are different. I am in the town hall with Setsuko’s family. Their anxious daughter is at the front with the other young adults. All the young men are in their best suits. They look very smart. Two are even in traditional dress – they are each wearing a hakama which is like a strong skirt or kilt. One of them looks very embarrassed! Practically all the women are elegantly dressed in brightly-coloured silk kimonos. It costs €2,000 to hire one and the much-needed services of a dresser to help you put it on. Recently, numbers of shin-seijin who participate are going down. There are also stories of bad behavior from some ‘new adults’. They treat it more as a joke than as a serious occasion and chat and speak on their mobiles. But everyone here is well-behaved. I can’t understand a word, but there are lots of speeches from important looking people and polite and respectful applause. The shin-seijin go on to the stage to receive a small gift to mark the occasion. The family clap enthusiastically when it is Setsuko’s turn. They are very proud of her. The ceremony ends and Setsuko disappears for twenty minutes while her dresser helps her out of the precious kimono. She appears calm and smiling in her ordinary clothes. Now we are all going to a Japanese restaurant to celebrate.
1.The age where you officially become an adult in Japan is …
a/ earlier than in Europec/ two years later than in European countries
b/ the same as the United Statesd/ different for men and women
2. Before her ceremony, Setsuko …
a/ has to shave off her eyebrowsc/ needs to paint her teeth black
b/ shows Katie some old picturesd/ isn’t worried about the ceremony
3. What does Katie notice at the ceremony?
a/ The men are all dressed the samec/ All the women are in kimonos
b/ It’s easy to put on a kimonod/ One young man doesn’t look very happy
4. Coming-of-age ceremonies…
a/ are always treated with great respectc/ are compulsory
b/ are less popular than befored/ give you the right to vote
5. What happens at Setsuko’s ceremony?
a/ The shin-seijin sit with their familiesc/ The shin-seijin receive a big gift embarrassed – zakłopotany, zawstydzony
b/ The mayor makes the speechd/ Everybody behaves correctly well-behaved – dobrzewychowany
6. After the ceremony…clap - klaskać
a/ people take photographs of Setsuko in her kimonoc/ Setsuko seems more relaxedeyebrows - brwi
b/ everybody goes homed/ there is a banquet for all the guestscompulsory - obowiązkowy
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Journey to Mars
NASA has an exciting new vision of future spaceflight – the return of humans to the moon by 2020 in preparation for visits to Mars and possibly beyond.
Moon missions are essential to the exploration of more distant worlds. Extended stays on the moon build the experience and expertise needed for the long-term space missions required to visit other planets. The moon may also be used as a place where humans can learn how to use materials found in space to make things like rocket fuel and oxygen.
NASA’a Constellation Programme is also going to research the moon itself, looking in particular at the possibility of finding water ice at the moon’s south pole. The new rocket, called ‘Orion’, is more like the ‘Apollo 11’ rocket used in the 1960s than the more recent space shuttles, but it is larger and can take a crew of four people. Like the space shuttles, though, it will be used more than once – up to ten times in fact. It will take astronauts to the International Space Station, and it will orbit the moon, sending astronauts down to the surface. When the ‘Orion’ returns to the Earth, it will drop by parachute onto land,, instead of falling in the sea. Its later missions, after 2020, will probably include building rockets in orbit that can be sent on to discover the secrets of Mars, taking people there for the first time.
Just as the space race and the moon landings were the focus of everyone’s attention in the 1960s, it’s likely that this generation will grow up with the excitement of manned space exploration bringing discoveries about Mars and maybe other planets.
1.What is NASA’s plan?
a/ To send a rocket containing people past the moon and on to Mars.c/ To send more people to the moon.
b/ To send a rocket past Mars before 2020.d/ To send space shuttles from Mars to other planets.
2. Why is the moon important to space exploration?
a/ It’s easier to see other planets from the moon.
b/ The International Space Station is getting too old to be useful.
c/ There are essential mineral and oil deposits on the moon.
d/ We need to practice spending a long time in space before going any further
3. What do scientists hope to be able to learn how to do on the moon?
a/ Dispose safely of waste rocket fuel.c/ Move quickly across the surface of a new planet.
b/ Exploit the materials that are available there.d/ Operate industrial factories in zero gravity.
4. Which is true according to the text?
a/ One scientist claims that there is water ice at the moon’s south pole.c/ There is definitely water ice at the moon’s south pole.
b/ Some scientists think there may be water ice at the moon’s south pole.d/ Scientists know there is a lot of water on the moon.
5. What is the difference between the new rocket and the ‘Apollo’?
a/ It carries more people.b/ It is shorter.c/ It takes off faster.d/ The new rocket is more like a space shuttle.
6. Which of these things is ‘Orion’ not expected to do?
a/ Go back into space many times.c/ Replace the International Space Station.
b/ Land back on Earth using a parachute.d/ Take astronauts to the moon.
7. What is expected to happen after 2020?
a/ A permanent city will be built on the moon.c/ Spacecraft will be manufactured in space.
b/ There will be no more space flights.d/ ‘Orion’ will continue to orbit the Earth, acting as a communications satellite.
8. What does the writer hope might happen in the same way as in the 1960s?
a/ The mission will capture the public imagination.c/The rockets will be launched from the same place.
b/ The moon landing will be broadcast live on TV.d/ The same safety checks will be carried out on the spacecraft.
beyond – pozaindustrial - przemysłowy
fuel – paliwopermanent – stały, na stałe
pole – biegunspacecraft – pojazd kosmiczny
spaceshuttles – promy kosmicznemanufactured - produkowany
parachute – spadochroncapture – przyciągnąć, schwytać
race – wyścigbroadcast - transmitowany
dispose of – pozbyć sięlaunched - wypuszczony
exploit – eksploatowaćsafetychecks – procedury bezpieczeństwa
V Wysłuchaj tekstu i uzupełnij tabelę:
Teenage ‘tribe’ / Music / AmbitionsHenry
Melody
Seth
Angelina
2) I Wybierzwłaściwąodpowiedź:
1.Karen thinks George is going to a/ damage the book b/ borrow the bookc/ stop her from using the book
2. Spencer Silver was looking fora/ a strong glueb/ a glue you could use more than oncec/ a glue remover
3. The problem with the glue wasa/ it didn’t stick at allb/ it wasn’t strong enoughc/ it left a mark
4. Spencer Silver thought his discoverya/ was uselessb/ had an immediate usec/ could be useful
5. Spencer’s colleague … the glue.a/ didn’t know aboutb/ was surprised byc/ found a good use for
6. The company started to sell the notes ina/ 1961b/ 1971c/ 1981
II Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Quite a few scientific discoveries are the result of chance combined with a good eye. We all know that penicillin, the wonder drug was discovered as the result of a messy laboratory and some dirty slides. But it took a dedicated scientist to recognize the importance of what he saw before his eyes. I wonder how many marvellous discoveries were not made because people quite simply didn’t recognize the importance of what was going on in front of them.
One area where chance discoveries occur is with food. Most of us have heard of that wonderful creamy blue cheese from France called Roquefort, but how many of us know how it was invented? A lovely legend I came across in an old book gives an explanation; whether it has any foundation in truth is another matter. Once upon a time a lonely shepherd was eating his midday meal of bread and sheep’s cheese when he saw a beautiful shepherdess on the horizon. He was immediately struck by her beauty, and pausing only to hide his lunch in a nearby cave ran off in search of her. He chased her up hill and down valley but was unable to catch her or even get any closer. Exhausted and disappointed he made his way back to the cave and his lunch. Imagine his surprise when he noticed an incredible transformation had taken place in his absence. By the light of the setting sun he saw that his plain white cheese was now streaked with a blue mould – a bit like penicillin!
Instead of throwing the cheese away he was so hungry that he bit into it and discovered cheese heaven. The fungus in the cave and the grain used to make the bread worked together to turn plain sheep’s cheese into the fabulous blue cheese we know today as Roquefort.
1.The writer thinks that scientific discoveries…
a/ are by chanceb/ usually happen by accidentc/ are sometimes missedd/ are never just a question of luck
2. The writer … the legend.a/ would like to believeb/ doesn’t believec/ heard aboutd/ is unsure about the truth of
3. The shepherd…
a/ almost caught the girlb/ imagined the girlc/ saw the girl in the distanced/ managed to catch the girl
4. The shepherd…
a/ wanted to throw the cheese awayc/ immediately realized how wonderful the cheese was
b/ was too hungry to cared/ thought the cheese looked disgusting
5. What made the cheese turn into Roquefort
a/ a combination of elementsb/ the fungus in the cavec/ the shepherd’s hungerd/ the sun’s rays
glue – klejshepherd – pasterzmould – pleśńcolleahue - kolega
remover – usuwaczin search of – w poszukiwaniuheaven - niebo
slide – szkiełko, preparatplain – zwykłyfungus – grzyby, pleśnie
III Przeczytaj tekst i wstaw odpowiednie zdanie (A – G) w lukę (1 – 6):
A They are 800 kilometreswest of the coast of Ecuador and are home to some unique wildlife.
B He was so busy working that he never had the time to marry.
C For many people the book attacked their basic beliefs about how the world was created.
D These inherited characteristics allow species to reproduce and gradually evolve.
E The ship, HMS Beagle, started its voyage at the end of 1831.
F Nevertheless, the species from each separate island on the Galapagos was different in a significant way.
G In Patagonia he came across the fossilizedremains of giant mammals in the cliffs.
Charles Darwin was born in 1809 into a well-known family. He started to study medicine but gave up his studies to concentrate on his other interests. Darwin was an enthusiastic geologist and naturalist and joined a scientific expedition to South America. 1) … While it charted the coast of South America, Darwin was on land, taking geological samples and looking for interesting specimens. Darwin read a book about geology, which suggested that fossils showed that animals existed millions of years ago. 2) … These creatures were now extinct. This appeared to confirm the theory he had read about. Eventually they reached the remote Galapagos Islands. 3) …There Darwin continued his observations. When he returned to England in 1836, Darwin discovered he was famous. Now he wanted to make sense of his findings and solve the riddle of how species evolve over time. This was to be his major work for the next part of his life. Darwin found out that the eggs and bird samples weren’t from completely different species but were related. 4) … Darwin came up with the idea that this occurred through what he called ‘natural selection’. One species doesn’t turn into another overnight – it is a slow and gradual process. Essentially, species survive by adapting to their surroundings and developing characteristics that they pass on to their next offspring and future generations. 5) … Those that fail to adapt become extinct. He finally published this thoughts in his book On the Origin of Species. His work is controversial. 6) … The idea that man might be descended from apes outraged many people then, and still has that power today.
species – gatunek, gatunkisamples – próbkiriddle - zagadka
evolve – ewoluowaćspecimens – okazyoffspring - potomstwo
fossilizedremains – skamieniałe szczątkiextinct – wymarłydescended from apes – pochodzący od małp
IV Przeczytaj tekst i wybierz właściwą odpowiedź:
Nanotechnology
The main thing to know about nanotechnology is that it’s small. Really small. Nano, a prefix that means ‘dwarf’ in Greek, is shorthand for nanometer, one-billionth of a metre, a distance so minute that comparing it to anything in the regular world is impossible. This comma, for instance, spans about half a million nanometers. To put it another way, a nanometer is the amount of a man’s beard grows in the time it takes him to lift a razor to his face.
Materials begin to develop odd properties when they are nanosize. Aluminium, for example, if you divide it down far enough, explodes: it can be used in rocket fuel. This means scientists can develop a whole new range of very useful materials. ‘Nano’s going to be the invention of plastic,’ says Paul Alivisatos, associate director of physical sciences at Lawrence Berkeley National Laborator’s new nanofabrication centre. ‘It’ll be everywhere: in the scalpels doctors use for surgery and in the fabrics we wear.’ Alivisatos already owns a pair of stain-resistant trousers, made from nano-treated fibres. I spilled coffee on them this morning, and it rolled right off.’
Nanotechnology might even offer a solution to the world’s impending energy crisis. We could replace old copper and aluminium power lines with wires made from carbon nanotubes. Nonaotubes can carry far more current than traditional metal wires – over a million amps of current per square centimeter – and unlike metal wires, they lose very little of that energy as heat. In theory, the nanotube power lines would carry electricity over thousands of miles. Rather than relying on local coat-fired power plants, cities could use energy generated by giant solar farms in deserts or by wind farms off coast. The only problem is that we don’t yet know how to make the right kind of carbon nanotube reliably – but scientists are working on it.