The Unification of China CH 4 Section 4 name______
The social disorder of the warring states contributes to the development of three Chinese ethical systems
I. Confucius and the Social Order
A. ______Dynasty
· Lasted ______; ancient values decline near end of dynasty
B. Confucius and Social Order
· ______, 551 BC, desired to restore order and ______in China
· Zhou Dynasty is time of disorder
· Scholar Confucius wants to restore ______
· China could do this by organizing around five basic relationships:
1. ruler and ______
2. father and ______
3. husband and ______
4. older brother and ______
5. friend and ______
· Promotes ______- respect for parents and ancestors
· Hopes to reform society by promoting good ______
C. Confucius and Government
• Confucian ideas about government
– Thinks ______can transform people
– Teachings become foundation of ______, a trained civil service, those who run government
– Confucianism is an ______of right and wrong, NOT a ______
Q: How did creation of a bureaucracy promote equality?
A:
II. Other Ethical Systems
A. Daoists seek harmony
– ______teaches that people should follow the natural order of life; Believes the universal force called ______guides all things
– Daoism philosophy is ______
Q: Explain this quote from Laozi, “When there is no desire, all things are at peace.”
A:
B. Legalists urge harsh rule
– Legalism emphasizes ______
– Teaches that obedience should be ______, disobedience should be ______
C. I Ching and Yin and Yang
– I Ching offers good advice, common sense
– Concept of yin and yang- ______
– ______: cold, dark, soft mysterious; ______: warm, bright, hard, clear
– I Ching and yin and yang explain how people fit into the world
III. The Qin Dynasty Unifies China
A. ______Dynasty Replaces Zhou in third century BC
B. ______- means “First Emperor”
-______China, ends ______, & ______
Q: Shi Huangdi introduced a policy called “strengthening the trunk and weakening the branches”. What does the trunk refer to? Branches?
A:
C. Shi Huangdi takes control
- nobles were forced to move ______
- divided China into ______administrative districts controlled by Qin
officials
- Employed Legalist ideas to unify country. Murdered ______
______, burned “______” books
-Establish autocracy, ______
D. Program of Centralization
- Shi Huangdi builds highways ______miles, irrigation projects, and
increased trade
- Standardization: set same standards for ______,
______, ______, and
______
Q: Harsh rule includes high taxes and repressive government. China was unified, but at what cost?
A:
E. Great Wall of China
- Emperor forces peasants to build Great Wall for protection
Q: Was Shi Huangdi justified in requiring peasants to work on the wall?
Q: What were positive and negative effects of Shi Huangdi’s reign?
IV. The fall of Qin
l Shi Huangdi’s son loses throne to rebel leader
- ______rebel; leader from land of ______marches troops into capital
- 202 BC, the harsh Qin dynasty gave way to the ______Dynasty